Bakgrund Trafikverket är ansvarig förvaltare över Sveriges järnvägar. De hanterar den långsiktiga infrastrukturen samt byggandet och driften av järnvägarna. För att visualisera och hantera dessa järnvägar digitalt använder sig Trafikverket av ett system kallat Baninformationssystemet (BIS). Järnvägsnätet hanteras på två olika nivåer, makronivå och mikronivå. Makronivån visar driftplatser med dess kopplingar emellan dem och är den enklaste nivån av nätverket. Mikronivån är betydligt mer detaljerad och visar alla objekt och kopplingar som finns på en driftplats. Syfte Målet med studien är att implementera ett transportnätverk i form av en järnväg i en grafdatabas på mikronivå. I studien undersöks metoder för att hantera svängningsrestriktioner på transportnätverket. Utöver detta utför studien en rad kortaste vägen-sökningar för att validera transportnätverket. Metod Studien använder sig av forskningsstrategin design and creation där en IT-artefakt skapas. En litteraturundersökning görs för att finna tidigare forskning som kan hjälpa utvecklingen av IT-artefakten samt besvara forskningsfrågorna. Systematiska observationer utförs för att validera IT-artefakten, i form av kortaste vägen-sökningar som jämförs med samma sökning i Trafikverkets system BIS. Resultat Studien har resulterat i en implementation av ett transportnätverk med svängningsrestriktioner på mikronivå i en grafdatabas. En lösning i Neo4j vid namn Neomap används för visualisering och testning av transportnätverket. Studien presenterar också en jämförelse mellan Trafikverkets system BIS och studiens transportnätverk. Slutsatser Jämförelsen visar att den alternativa graf som föreslagits har implementerats som ett korrekt transportnätverk på mikronivå. Transportnätverket hanterar de flesta av de svängningsrestriktioner som Trafikverket använder då den använda data var begränsad. Neomap användes för både felsökning och validering av transportnätverket och visar att sökningarna från Neo4j är nästan identiska med BIS. / Background The Swedish Transport Administration is the responsible manager of Sweden’s railways. They handle the long-term infrastructure as well as the construction and operation of the railways. To visualize and manage these railways digitally, the Swedish Transport Administration uses a system called Baninformationssystemet (BIS). The railway network is managed at two different levels, macro-level and micro-level. The macro-level only shows operating sites with their connections between them and is the simplest level of the network. The micro-level is significantly more detailed showing all objects and connections located at an operating site. Aim The aim of the study is to implement a transportation network in the form of a railway in a graph database at micro-level. The study examines methods for managing turning restrictions on the transportation network. In addition, the study performs a series of shortest path searches to validate the transportation network. Method The study uses the research strategy design and creation where an IT artifact is created. A literature review is done to find previous research that can help the development of the IT artifact and answer the research questions. Systematic observations are performed to validate the IT artifact by doing various shortest road searches that are compared with the same searches in the Swedish Transport Administration’s system. Results The study has resulted in the implementation of a transportation network with turning restrictions on a micro-level in a graph database. A solution in Neo4j called Neomap is used for visualization and testing of the transportation network. A comparison is presented where the study’s transportation network was compared with the Swedish Transport Administration’s system BIS. Conclusions The comparison shows that the alternative graph proposed has been implemented as a correct transportation network on a micro-level. The transportation network handles most of the turning restrictions that Trafikverket uses due to limited data. Neomap is used for both troubleshooting and validation of the transportation network and shows that the searches from Neo4j are almost identical to the searches from BIS.

I denna studie har fyra biografier/självbiografier producerade av tidigare kriminella tematiskt analyserats. Målet var att ta reda på vilka omständigheter som gör att individer går från kriminalitet till laglydighet. Genom en överblick av tidigare forskning, utökades studiens fokus med att inkludera teorier som kontrollteori och genusteori. Genom studiens resultatanalys identifierades sju olika teman, som var betydande för deltagarna: barn, relationer, mognad & identitet, arbete & annat engagemang, religion, tilltro samt betydelse av fängelsestraffet. Egna och andras barn skapar motivation till förändring, goda relationer bidrar med förändrade attityder till brottslighet, mognad och identitet bidrar med utveckling mot ett annat sätt att förhålla sig till sig själv och brottslighet, arbete och engagemang stärker självförtroendet i kunskap om att andra möjligheter finns, religion bidrar med styrka och tröst i svåra stunder, tilltro ger stöd och förebilder och fängelsestraffet ger tid för eftertanke och erfarenheter. / In this study, four biographies/autobiographies produced by former criminals have been thematically analysed. The goal was to find out what circumstances make individuals go from criminality to law-abiding. Through an overview of previous research, the focus of the study was expanded to include theories such as control theory and gender theory. Through the study's result analysis, seven different themes were identified, which were significant for the participants: children, relationships, maturity & identity, work & other commitment, religion, faith and the meaning of the prison sentence. Own and other people's children create motivation for change, good relationships contribute to changing attitudes to crime, maturity and identity contribute to development towards a different way of relating to oneself and crime, work and commitment strengthen self-confidence in the knowledge that other opportunities exist, religion contributes with strength and comfort in difficult moments, faith provides support and role models and the prison sentence gives time for reflection and experiences.

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The entrance of women into ordained ministry positions is a relatively new phenomenon in the North American Christian church, and has yet to be given adequate scholarly attention. This thesis probes the experiences of several pioneering women, presenting both the substantial and theoretical contributions emerging from a qualitative study of female pastors ministering in Protestant congregations across Canada. Data collection and analysis were approached through the lens of symbolic interactionism and grounded theory. The main findings emerging from 44 qualitative, in-depth interviews have been organized into three distinct papers to constitute a sandwich dissertation. The first paper outlines how some women experience a “call” to ministry and how this change in trajectory impacts their identity and constructions of the past, while the second two papers address different facets of performing the pastoral role once within it. Paper 2 explores the dilemmas women encounter in the area of clothing and appearances, a concern many of the women identified as influencing their performance of the pastoral role. Paper 3 explores in greater depth the ways women feel they perform the pastoral role differently than their male counterparts, and raises questions about the impact this may have on changing the role in the future. Taken together, the three papers contribute to a broad range of debates in the theoretical literature about key facets of the human experience, including: changing career trajectories, role making and performance of self, and microlevel influences on institutional change. The dissertation also encourages a new direction for sociological research – human interactions with the divine. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis investigates what it is like to be a female pastor in the Christian church in Canada, as women have only recently been able to be fully ordained in most Protestant denominations. Three themes are explored: (1) how women decide to enter into Christian ministry, (2) how they navigate dilemmas around clothing in the pastoral role, and (3) how they feel they do pastoral ministry differently than their male counterparts. On a more theoretical level, this thesis also helps us understand the experiences of women entering traditionally male occupations, illuminating how they – and perhaps anyone who undergoes a career transition – navigate changes in work roles and identities, how clothing can help them achieve legitimacy in a role, and how women may be changing the professions they enter into in large numbers by doing their work differently.

According to NCHRP Report 493, there are five major left turn signal indications for permitted operations in the United States. They are: Circular Green (CG), Flashing Circular Red (FCR), Flashing Red Arrow (FRA), Flashing Circular Yellow (FCY) and Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA). The main goal of this thesis is to study the driver behavior and analyze safety of drivers for different left turn indications using a real-time driving simulator. Different signal indications alter driver behavior which influences velocity and acceleration profiles. These profiles influence vehicular emissions and hence need to be studied as well. For this purpose, different scenarios are implemented in the driving simulator. Data is analyzed using Microsoft Excel, JMP Statistical tool and MATLAB. Safety of drivers is analyzed with respect to the parameter "Time to Collision (TTC)" which is directly obtained from simulator data. Vehicular emissions and fuel consumption are calculated using VT-Micro microscopic emissions model. Graphs are plotted for TTC and total emissions. Results indicate that for a day-time scenario, FCY and FYA are the most suitable left-turning indications whereas FCR and FRA are most suitable for a night-time scenario. / Master of Science