Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic and progressive disease that affects people in different ages. Lack of physical activity and overweight are examples of factors that increase the risk of developing the disease. It is of great importance that our offering advice on how to handle the patient's self-care nag leads to an increased understanding of self-care and minimizes the risk of diabetes-related complications.   Aim The purpose of this literature study is to describe patients' experience of self-management in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method A descriptive literature study based on 10 qualitative science articles searched using the PubMed database.   Main Result From our research, we found that there was a conjunction of both facilitating and hindering factors that affected self-management associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in daily life. Experiences of self-management vary in patients. Patients experienced both negative and positive experiences. Many patients showed that they had achieved a form of balance in their self-control. Interestingly, the majority of patients had difficulty managing their self-control as well as unique experiences and strong feelings of the disease that manifested as anxiety, fear, loneliness. Patients wanted more structured and tailored advice from healthcare professionals that could aid those with diabetes in making decisions with regards to self-management. This allows patients to make important life changes surrounding health decisions.   Conclusion To conclude, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus gain an increased understanding of lifestyle changes such as self-management with the help of health literacy capacity, counselling and information & support from the family, so that patients can use self-management techniques in a better way.

RESUMO Além das manifestações sistêmicas que acometem os pacientes portadores de Diabetes Mellitus (DM), como angiopatias, cardiopatias, retinopatias, nefropatias e hipertensão arterial, estes pacientes apresentam também respostas diminuídas a infecção, quando descompensados, fazendo que o transcurso da doença se desenvolva de forma diferenciada do paciente normoglicêmico. Esta característica irá se apresentar, também, na cavidade bucal, fato este que deverá alertar o cirurgião dentista quanto ao manejo adequado destes pacientes, eliminando os riscos de complicações durante e pós-tratamento. Para tanto, é necessário conhecer a prevalência das manifestações bucais que mais acometem estes indivíduos, assim como as complicações sistêmicas associadas, as quais irão intervir nesta conduta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma população, já sabidamente, portadora de DM tipo 2, caracterizando as alterações sistêmicas e as manifestações bucais apresentadas por estes pacientes no momento em que se apresentaram para atendimento odontológico. Foram examinados 372 participantes, na 4ª Campanha gratuita de prevenção, educação e detecção em diabetes realizada pela Associação Nacional de Assistência ao Diabético – ANAD – no ano de 2001, com idade entre 32 a 87 anos, sendo 191 do sexo masculino e 181 do sexo feminino,. Primeiramente foi preenchido um questionário contendo informações auto-referidas sobre alterações metabólicas pré-existentes e também transcrito para a ficha o valor da glicemia e pressão arterial. Procurou-se verificar se estes participantes estavam em acompanhamento médico, odontológico e se utilizavam algum tipo de medicação para controle da glicemia. A percepção de condições de saúde bucal também foi questionada e classificada em aval positivo e negativo, com escalas. Posteriormente foi realizado exame bucal. Os resultados mostram que 46% se apresentaram com hipertensão arterial, a retinopatia e a neuropatia foi observada em 31% dos participantes, angiopatia em 20%, cardiopatia em 19% e nefropatia em 10%. Dos participantes, 80% realizavam acompanhamento médico e 37% realizavam acompanhamento odontológico, sendo que 78% utilizavam medicação para o controle da glicemia. Em relação à auto-percepção das condições de saúde bucal, 38,5% avaliavam positivamente e 37,5% avaliavam negativamente. Quanto às manifestações bucais, os achados mais expressivos foram: exposição radicular com sensibilidade (57%), gengivite (45%) e diminuição de fluxo salivar (44%). Concluímos que em função das múltiplas e freqüentes manifestações bucais apresentadas por estes pacientes, os cirurgiões dentistas devem receber formação específica para o diagnóstico e desenvolvimento desses agravos, informação esta que deverá capacitá-lo inclusive para o atendimento sob a agravante de sua condição clínica alterada. / SUMMARY Beyond the systemic manifestations that occur the carrying patients of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), as angiopathies, cardiopathies, retinopathies, nephropathies and hypertension, these patients also present diminished answers the infection, when uncontrolled, making that the course of the illness if develops of differentiated form of the normoglycemic patient. This characteristic will go to present itself, also, in the buccal socket, fact this that will have to alert to the surgeon dentist how much to the adequate handling of these patients, eliminating the risks of complications during and post-cure. For in such a way, it is necessary to know the prevalence of the buccal manifestations that more occur these individuals, as well as the systemic complications associates, which will go to endanger in this behavior. The objective of this work was to present a population, already sabidamente, carrier of DM type 2, characterizing the systemic alterations and the buccal manifestations presented by these patients at the moment where if they had presented for dental attendance. We examined 372 participants, in 4ª gratuitous Campaign of prevention, education and detention in diabetes carried through by the National Association of Assistance to the Diabetic – ANAD -. in the year of 2001, with age it enters 32 87 years, being 191 of the masculine sex and 181 of the feminine sex. First was filled a questionnaire also contends auto-cited information on preexisting metabolic alterations and transcript for the fiche the value of the glycemia and arterial pressure. It was looked to verify if these participants were in medical, dental accompaniment and if they used some type of medication for control of the glycemia. The perception of conditions of buccal health also was questioned and classified in positive and negative endorsement, with scales. Later buccal examination was carried through. The results show that 46% if had presented with hypertension, the retinopathy and the nephropathy was observed in 31% of the participants, angiopathy in 20%, cardiopathy in 19% and nephopathy in 10%. Of participants, 80% they carried through medical accompaniment and 37% carried through dental accompaniment, being that 78% used medication for the control of the glycemia. In relation to the auto-perception of the conditions of buccal health, 38.5% evaluated positively and 37.5% evaluated negative. How much to the buccal manifestations, the findings meaningfuls had been: exposition to radicular with sensitivity (57%), gengivitis (45%) and reduction of flow to salivary (44%). We conclude that in function of the multiple and frequent buccal manifestations presented by these patients, the dentist must receive specific formation for the diagnosis and development from these torts, information this that will have to also enable it to the attendance under the aggravating one of its modified clinical condition.

Bakgrund: Globalt ses en ökning av diabetes typ2, där livsstilsförändringar anses vara den främsta anledningen. I diabetesvården svarar i huvudsak sjuksköterskan för undervisning i diabetespatientens egenvård, vilken är viktig för behandlingen av patientens sjukdom. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie genomfördes, där 19 vetenskapliga artiklar ligger till grund för resultatet. Syfte: Att belysa hur patienter med diabetes typ2 upplever diabetesvården. Resultat: I artiklarna beskrivs betydelsen av stöd och kunskap, möte med sjuksköterskan, upplevda besvikelser, vad patienterna efterfrågar och olika mål i diabetesvården. Patienterna efterfrågar kunnig vårdpersonal, som lyssnar på dem, tar deras kunskap på allvar och ser dem som individer. Gruppundervisning önskas av patienter, som vill kunna samtala om sina livserfarenheter och om hur det är att leva med diabetes. Besvikelser handlar om att patienter tycker personalen ofta saknar empati och inte ger tillräcklig och relevant information, som skulle kunna hjälpa dem bättre att hantera sin sjukdom. Det framkom, att sjuksköterskor och patienter kan ha olika mål, vilket kan skapa motstånd hos patienterna, när det gäller att själv medverka till bättre hälsa. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor bör lyssna på patientens berättelse och mål kring sin sjukdom och förklara för patienten om vikten av att ändra livsstil. / Background: Globaly diabetes type2 is increasing, mainly because lifestyle changes. In diabetes care nurses mainly teach diabetes patients self care management, which is important for the treatment of their illness. Method: A general literature review with 19 scientific articles as a basis of the result. Aim: To illuminate patients with diabetes type2 experience diabetes care. Result: Articles describe the importance of support and knowledge, the meeting with the nurse, disappointments, what patients inquire for and different goals in diabetes care. The patients require a competent medical staff  prepared to listen, to take patients’ knowledge seriously and see them as individuals. Group education is wanted by patients to enable them to share life experiences and knowledge about living with diabetes. Disappointments are about patients feeling lack of empathy from the medical staff, and not receiving enough information to help them handle their diabetes better. Nurses and patients can have different goals, which may lead to the patients resisting to participate and improve their health by self care. Conclusions: Nurses needs to listen to what the patients are telling, to their goals about their illness and, by explaining, try to make them understand the importance of changing lifestyle.

RESUMO Além das manifestações sistêmicas que acometem os pacientes portadores de Diabetes Mellitus (DM), como angiopatias, cardiopatias, retinopatias, nefropatias e hipertensão arterial, estes pacientes apresentam também respostas diminuídas a infecção, quando descompensados, fazendo que o transcurso da doença se desenvolva de forma diferenciada do paciente normoglicêmico. Esta característica irá se apresentar, também, na cavidade bucal, fato este que deverá alertar o cirurgião dentista quanto ao manejo adequado destes pacientes, eliminando os riscos de complicações durante e pós-tratamento. Para tanto, é necessário conhecer a prevalência das manifestações bucais que mais acometem estes indivíduos, assim como as complicações sistêmicas associadas, as quais irão intervir nesta conduta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma população, já sabidamente, portadora de DM tipo 2, caracterizando as alterações sistêmicas e as manifestações bucais apresentadas por estes pacientes no momento em que se apresentaram para atendimento odontológico. Foram examinados 372 participantes, na 4ª Campanha gratuita de prevenção, educação e detecção em diabetes realizada pela Associação Nacional de Assistência ao Diabético – ANAD – no ano de 2001, com idade entre 32 a 87 anos, sendo 191 do sexo masculino e 181 do sexo feminino,. Primeiramente foi preenchido um questionário contendo informações auto-referidas sobre alterações metabólicas pré-existentes e também transcrito para a ficha o valor da glicemia e pressão arterial. Procurou-se verificar se estes participantes estavam em acompanhamento médico, odontológico e se utilizavam algum tipo de medicação para controle da glicemia. A percepção de condições de saúde bucal também foi questionada e classificada em aval positivo e negativo, com escalas. Posteriormente foi realizado exame bucal. Os resultados mostram que 46% se apresentaram com hipertensão arterial, a retinopatia e a neuropatia foi observada em 31% dos participantes, angiopatia em 20%, cardiopatia em 19% e nefropatia em 10%. Dos participantes, 80% realizavam acompanhamento médico e 37% realizavam acompanhamento odontológico, sendo que 78% utilizavam medicação para o controle da glicemia. Em relação à auto-percepção das condições de saúde bucal, 38,5% avaliavam positivamente e 37,5% avaliavam negativamente. Quanto às manifestações bucais, os achados mais expressivos foram: exposição radicular com sensibilidade (57%), gengivite (45%) e diminuição de fluxo salivar (44%). Concluímos que em função das múltiplas e freqüentes manifestações bucais apresentadas por estes pacientes, os cirurgiões dentistas devem receber formação específica para o diagnóstico e desenvolvimento desses agravos, informação esta que deverá capacitá-lo inclusive para o atendimento sob a agravante de sua condição clínica alterada. / SUMMARY Beyond the systemic manifestations that occur the carrying patients of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), as angiopathies, cardiopathies, retinopathies, nephropathies and hypertension, these patients also present diminished answers the infection, when uncontrolled, making that the course of the illness if develops of differentiated form of the normoglycemic patient. This characteristic will go to present itself, also, in the buccal socket, fact this that will have to alert to the surgeon dentist how much to the adequate handling of these patients, eliminating the risks of complications during and post-cure. For in such a way, it is necessary to know the prevalence of the buccal manifestations that more occur these individuals, as well as the systemic complications associates, which will go to endanger in this behavior. The objective of this work was to present a population, already sabidamente, carrier of DM type 2, characterizing the systemic alterations and the buccal manifestations presented by these patients at the moment where if they had presented for dental attendance. We examined 372 participants, in 4ª gratuitous Campaign of prevention, education and detention in diabetes carried through by the National Association of Assistance to the Diabetic – ANAD -. in the year of 2001, with age it enters 32 87 years, being 191 of the masculine sex and 181 of the feminine sex. First was filled a questionnaire also contends auto-cited information on preexisting metabolic alterations and transcript for the fiche the value of the glycemia and arterial pressure. It was looked to verify if these participants were in medical, dental accompaniment and if they used some type of medication for control of the glycemia. The perception of conditions of buccal health also was questioned and classified in positive and negative endorsement, with scales. Later buccal examination was carried through. The results show that 46% if had presented with hypertension, the retinopathy and the nephropathy was observed in 31% of the participants, angiopathy in 20%, cardiopathy in 19% and nephopathy in 10%. Of participants, 80% they carried through medical accompaniment and 37% carried through dental accompaniment, being that 78% used medication for the control of the glycemia. In relation to the auto-perception of the conditions of buccal health, 38.5% evaluated positively and 37.5% evaluated negative. How much to the buccal manifestations, the findings meaningfuls had been: exposition to radicular with sensitivity (57%), gengivitis (45%) and reduction of flow to salivary (44%). We conclude that in function of the multiple and frequent buccal manifestations presented by these patients, the dentist must receive specific formation for the diagnosis and development from these torts, information this that will have to also enable it to the attendance under the aggravating one of its modified clinical condition.

No description available.

Introduction : La présente étude explore pour la première fois en Afrique, l'association entre l'exposition aux pesticides organochlorés (POC) et le risque de diabète de type 2. L’étude se déroule dans la région du Borgou, au nord du Bénin, où l’utilisation intense de pesticides pour la culture du coton coïncide avec une prévalence élevée du diabète par rapport aux autres régions du pays. Objectifs: 1) Décrire le niveau d’exposition de la population des diabétiques et non diabétiques du Borgou par le taux sérique de certains pesticides organochlorés ; 2) Explorer la relation entre le risque de diabète de type 2 et les concentrations sériques des POC; 3) Examiner l’association entre l’obésité globale, le pourcentage de masse grasse et l’obésité abdominale avec les concentrations sériques des POC; 4) Explorer la contribution de certaines sources d’exposition alimentaire et non-alimentaire aux concentrations sériques des POC. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude cas-témoin qui concerne 258 adultes de 18 à 65 ans identifiés par deux valeurs glycémiques capillaire et veineuse au seuil de 7 mmol/l pour les diabétiques et 5,6mmol/l pour les témoins non diabétiques. Les 129 témoins ont été appariés aux 129 cas selon les critères suivants : l’ethnie, l’âge ± 5ans, le sexe et la localité de résidence. Les informations personnelles et celles portant sur les modes d’exposition ont été recueillies par questionnaire. Les concentrations sériques des POC ont été obtenues par chromatographie gazeuse couplée d’une spectrométrie de masse. L’obésité globale est déterminée par l’IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2. L’obésité abdominale est obtenue par le tour de taille selon les critères consensuels d’Alberti et al. pour la définition du syndrome métabolique. Le pourcentage de masse corporelle a été mesuré par bio-impédance électrique et été considéré comme élevé au seuil de 33% chez les femmes et 25% chez les hommes. Résultats: En comparant les 3ème et premier terciles des concentrations de p,p’-DDE et p,p’-DDT, les sujets du 3e tercile étaient deux à trois fois plus susceptibles de présenter du diabète que ceux du 1er tercile. La probabilité d’obésité abdominale ou de l’obésité générale (en contrôlant pour le statut diabétique) était accrue de trois à cinq fois dans le dernier tercile pour trois des quatre POC qui étaient détectables soit p,p’-DDT, β-HCH et trans-Nonachlore. Les facteurs socioéconomiques associés aux POC sériques sont le niveau d’éducation élevé, un meilleur revenu et la résidence en milieu urbain. Les sources d’exposition non alimentaire significativement associées aux concentrations sériques de POC étaient l’exposition professionnelle mixte (primaire et secondaire) aux pesticides et la consommation de tabac local. L’achat en opposition à l’autoproduction de plusieurs groupes de denrées alimentaire était associé à de plus fortes teneurs de POC. La fréquence de consommation hebdomadaire du poisson, des légumes, du fromage, de l’igname séchée ainsi que du mil, de l’huile de palme et de certaines légumineuses comme le soya, le néré, le niébé et le voandzou était significativement associées aux POC sériques. Conclusion : L’étude a mis en évidence la relation entre le niveau sérique de pesticides organochlorés d’une part, du diabète ou de l’obésité d’autre part. Les concentrations de POC observées au Borgou sont assez élevées et méritent d’être suivies et comparées à celles d’autres régions du pays. Les facteurs contribuant à ces teneurs élevées sont le niveau d’éducation élevé, un meilleur revenu, la résidence en milieu urbain, l’achat et la fréquence de consommation de plusieurs aliments. La contribution du mélange des polluants auxquels les habitants de cette région sont exposés à la prévalence croissante du diabète mérite d’être examinée, notamment les pesticides utilisés actuellement dans la région pour les productions de rente et autres polluants persistants. Ces résultats contribuent à accroître les connaissances sur les facteurs de risque émergents pour le diabète que sont des polluants environnementaux comme les pesticides. Les implications pour la santé publique sont importantes tant pour la prévention des maladies chroniques que pour la sensibilisation des autorités politiques du pays pour une politique agricole et sanitaire adéquate visant la réduction de l’exposition aux pesticides. / Background: The present study examines for the first time in sub-Saharan Africa, the association between exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The study took place in the Borgou area in the northern part of Benin, where the intensive use of pesticides for cotton production coincides with a high prevalence of diabetes compared to other areas of the country. Objectives: 1) To describe in a sample of subjects with diabetes and in non-diabetic control subjects of Borgou serum levels of some OCPs; 2) To assess the relationship between the risk of type 2 diabetes and serum concentrations of OCPs; 3) To examine the association between overall obesity, the percentage of body fat and abdominal obesity with serum concentrations of OCPs; 4) To explore the contribution of some potential sources of exposure to serum concentrations of OCPs. Methods: This is a case-control study of 258 adults aged 18 to 65 years, identified on the basis of a diabetes prevalence study. Subjects were detected by capillary and venous fasting blood glucose at the threshold of 7mmol /l for diabetic subjects and 5.6mmol / l for the controls. The 129 controls were matched with 129 cases for ethnic group, age ± 5 years, sex and residence location. Personal data and information on potential sources of pesticide exposure were collected by questionnaire. Serum OCPs were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Overall obesity was determined by a BMI ≥ 30kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined according to waist circumference using the Alberti et al. consensual criteria for metabolic syndrome. The percentage of body fat was measured by bioelectrical impedance and was higher at the threshold of 33% in women and 25% in men. Results: Comparing the third and first tertiles of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT serum concentrations, we observed a two to threefold higher odds ratio for diabetes. The likelihood of abdominal obesity or general obesity was three to five times higher in the upper compared to lower tertile for three of the four detected OCPs, that is: p,p'-DDT, β-HCH and trans-Nonachlor. The socioeconomic factors associated with serum OCPs are high level of education, high income and residence in urban area. The non-food sources of exposure were mixed occupational exposure (primary and secondary) and consumption of local tobacco. The food sources of exposure were purchased foods that are greater source of exposure to pesticide than self-production. The frequency of weekly consumption of fish, vegetables, cheese, dried yam as well as millet, oil palm and some legumes such as soybeans, locust bean, cowpea and Bambara groundnut was significantly associated with serum concentrations of OCPs. Conclusion: The study highlighted the relationship between the serum level of organochlorine pesticides on the one hand, diabetes or obesity on the other. Levels of OCPs observed in Borgou are high enough and need to be monitored and compared to others areas in the country. Factors associated with high levels of OCP in Borgou are high levels of education, high income, residence in urban area, purchase and consumption frequency of several foods. The contribution of the mixture of pollutants, to the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Borgou need to be examined, especially pesticides used currently for commercial productions in agriculture and other persistent pollutants. These results contribute to increase the knowledge on emerging risk factors for diabetes that are environmental pollutants such as pesticides. The implications for public health are important in terms of chronic diseases prevention and sensitization of national policies makers, for proper agricultural and health policy aimed at reducing exposure to pesticides.

Bakgrund Diabetes typ 2 är en av de snabbast växande sjukdomarna i både Sverige och resten av världen. Vid diabetes typ 2 utgör egenvård en betydande del av behandlingen och för att klara detta behövs kunskap om sjukdomen. I sjuksköterskeyrket ingår att förse patienter med information och kunskap, bland annat genom patientundervisning. Ett flertal studier beskriver hur information och kunskap uppfattas av patienter och hur det på bästa sätt förmedlas till dem. Däremot saknas ett instrument som mäter patienternas befintliga kunskap om sjukdomen och hur de värderar information. Syfte Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur informations- och kunskapsbehovet vid diabetes typ 2 varierar utifrån kön, HbA1c, ålder, utbildning och duration samt identifiera de frågor där informations- och kunskapsbehovet är störst respektive lägst. Metod Arbetet grundas på en kvantitativ enkät utformad efter The Toronto Informational Needs Questionnaire-Breast Cancer och är analyserat utifrån data från 86 patienter.  Frågor ur denna enkät har behandlats i dataprogrammet Statistical Package for the Social Sciences och presenteras som deskriptiv statistik. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för arbetet är Lazarus och Folkmans teori. Resultat Det finns ett behov av såväl mer information som kunskap hos alla de grupper som undersökts. Skillnader dem emellan kunde urskiljas. De grupper som rankat informations- och kunskapsbehovet högst är kvinnor och personer som haft diabetes typ 2 i mer än 11 år. Män rankar vikten av information lägre och anser sig i större utsträckning ha den kunskap de behöver. Frågor där information av patienterna anses vara mycket viktigt rör medicinska frågor. Kunskap kring hur sociala frågor ska hanteras värderades lägst. Diskussion Informationssökning är ett sätt att hantera den situation som uppstår när en människa drabbas av sjukdom. Hur varierar behovet mellan olika demografiska variabler som kön, ålder, utbildning, HbA1c, och duration? Hur värderar patienterna sin kunskap? Inom vilka områden finns informationsbehov och kunskapsluckor? / Background Type 2 diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases in Sweden and the rest of the world. In type 2 diabetes self-care is an important part of the treatment and knowledge is needed to manage that. The nursing profession comprises to provide patients with information and knowledge - this is done through patient education. Several studies describe how information and knowledge is perceived by patients and the most suitable methods to pass information and knowledge on. However there is a lack of tools that measures patients existing knowledge and how they value information. Aim The aim of this study is to investigate how need for information and knowledge in diabetes type 2 varies by gender, HbA1c, age, education and duration, and to identify questions where the need for information and knowledge is the highest and the lowest. Methods The study is based on a quantitative survey designed by The Toronto Informational Needs Questionnaire - Breast Cancer and is analyzed using the data from 86 patients. Questions from this survey have been processed in a software called Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and the result is presented as descriptive statistics. The theoretical starting point for the study is the Lazarus and Folkman`s theory. Results There is a need for more information as well as knowledge in all of the groups studied. Differences between the groups were discerned and the groups that ranked the needs for information and knowledge highest were women and people who have had diabetes type2 for more than 11 years. Men rank the importance of information lower and they consider themselves to a greater extent having the necessary information. Questions where information is considered very important concern medical issues. Knowledge of how social issues would be handled; were ranked as the lowest. Discussions Searching for information is one way to handle the situation that arises when one gets ill. How requirements vary among different demographic groups, such as gender, age education, HbA1c and duration? How do patients evaluate their knowledge, and in which areas do gaps in information and knowledge exist?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alberto Jose de Amorim.pdf: 812252 bytes, checksum: 2b322172d1516118f32b2e4e84a62a87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-06 / Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease that requires a lot of limitations due to the need for constant treatment. Therefore, it was considered that the study of life quality and social support could bring knowledge to improve the quality of interventions for these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life, social support and glycemic control in type2 diabetic patients. This is a descriptive and transversal study was conducted among 120 patients of both genders, who attended the outpatient endocrinology clinic of a hospital located in Sao Bernardo do Campo city. For data collection we used the following instruments: a questionnaire for population characteristics, quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Scale of Perceived Social Support (EPSS). The data relating to glycemic control were collected from medical records of patients. For data analysis we used descriptive statistics and statistical tests (Pearson, Chi-square, Fisher exact, ANOVA and Post hoc). The results indicated that the field of social relations was the largest contributor to quality of life. And the variable time of diagnosis, insulin therapy, and number of dependents, education, diet and medication interfered with quality of life and quality of treatment. These results call attention to the medical evaluations should be tied to assessments of quality of life, social support and also variables that affect the quality of treatment for that in this way can resize or enhance doings related interventions with these patients. / Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença crônica degenerativa que impõe uma série de limitações em função da necessidade de tratamento constante. Por isso, considerou-se que o estudo da qualidade de vida e suporte social poderia trazer conhecimento para melhorar a qualidade das intervenções para estes pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de vida, suporte social e controle glicêmico de portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo2. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, desenvolvido com 120 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, atendidos no ambulatório de endocrinologia de um hospital situado na cidade de São Bernardo do Campo. Para coleta dos dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário para caracterização da população, questionário de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-BREF) e a Escala de Percepção de Suporte Social (EPSS). Os dados referentes ao controle glicêmico foram coletados nos prontuários dos pacientes. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se à estatística descritiva e provas estatísticas (Pearson, QuiQuadrado, Exato de Fisher, Anova e Pos-hoc). Os resultados indicaram que o domínio das relações sociais foi o que mais contribuiu a qualidade de vida. E as variáveis tempo de diagnóstico, insulinoterapia, número de dependentes, escolaridade, dieta e medicação interferiram na qualidade de vida e na qualidade do tratamento. Estes resultados chamam a atenção para que as avaliações médicas devam ser atreladas a avaliações da qualidade de vida, suporte social e também variáveis que interferem na qualidade do tratamento para que, desta forma possam redimensionar ou melhorar fazeres ligados às intervenções com estes pacientes.

La présente thèse porte sur la mise en place d'un cadre théorique (conceptualisation et formalisation), visant à décrire la propagation de l'obésité au sein d'un réseau d'individus, pour parvenir à mettre en place les bonnes politiques de prévention, afin de limiter la diffusion de cette épidémie, dont la contamination est à caractère social. Pour ce faire, j’ai commencé d'abord à mettre en place une analyse approfondie des différents déterminants de l'obésité. Une fois cette étape achevée, j’ai développé un modèle de réseau, dans lequel les relations entre les individus (représentés par les nœuds du réseau) sont régies par des règles permettant d'évaluer la présence/absence de liens selon certaines valeurs d'influence, fonction de la tranche d'âge des nœuds en question et de leur caractère homophilique. Ce modèle, fondé sur la structuration en âges et la démographie, comporte deux processus; le premier permet de décrire l'obésité au niveau individuel, sous forme de compartiments épidémiologiques. Le deuxième, quant à lui, représente le niveau inter-individuel, sous forme de réseau individu-centré. Par la suite, une fois analysé le comportement asymptotique du modèle, j'ai étudié la structure sociale obtenue, pour y repérer les individus les plus influents. Ces derniers seront ceux à cibler dans la politique de prévention. Enfin, pour valider le modèle par des données de terrain, j'ai réalisé une enquête au sein d'un collège tunisien, et j'ai comparé les résultats obtenus par cette dernière avec ceux d'une enquête réalisée dans un collège français. / This thesis deals with the establishment of a theoretical framework (conceptualization and formalization) capable of describing the obesity spread within a network of individuals, in order to achieve the right prevention policies and limit the epidemic spread. To do this, I started by initiating an in-depth analysis of the different obesity determinants. Once this stage completed, I developed a network model in which the relations between the individuals, (represented by the nodes of the network) are governed by rules allowing to evaluate the presence/absence of links according to their values of influence, age of the concerned nodes and their homophilic characteristics. This model, based on the age structure and demography, is constituted by two processes: the first one describes obesity at the individual level, by using epidemiological compartments. The second one describes the inter-individual level by using an individual-based network. Later, when the model reached its asymptotic behavior, I studied the social structure obtained to locate the most important individuals to be targeted in the prevention policy. Eventually, to validate the model with data, I realized an investigation in a Tunisian college and compared the obtained results from this study with those obtained from a French college survey.