Submitted by Roberta Pereira Fiel (roh_fiel@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-02T12:47:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FIEL_RP_2018_Estudo longitudinal de hipossegmentações no Ensino Fundamental II.pdf: 4063414 bytes, checksum: 7f6aacb0e843d3a08ad7154b8bdb3dcb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-05-02T23:42:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fiel_rp_me_sjrp_int.pdf: 4063414 bytes, checksum: 7f6aacb0e843d3a08ad7154b8bdb3dcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-02T23:42:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fiel_rp_me_sjrp_int.pdf: 4063414 bytes, checksum: 7f6aacb0e843d3a08ad7154b8bdb3dcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta dissertação trata da caracterização longitudinal da escrita de alunos do EF II no que diz respeito às chamadas hipossegmentações de palavras escritas – como “puraqui” (“por aqui”), nas quais há a ausência não-convencional de fronteira gráfica. Nossos objetivos são: (i) identificar, por meio de análise quantitativa, se há correlação (ou não) entre número de hipossegmentações e tempo de escolarização; e (ii) descrever qualitativamente as hipossegmentações, quanto a aspectos prosódicos dos enunciados falados e aspectos gráficos relativos às informações da própria convenção ortográfica. Para alcançar esses objetivos, nos baseamos, por um lado, em aparato teórico da fonologia prosódica, modelo relation-based, que concebe a existência de sete constituintes prosódicos que estruturam os enunciados das línguas do mundo; por outro lado, em abordagem da escrita como constituída de modo heterogêneo. Dos resultados obtidos na análise quantitativa, destacamos que há correlação entre aumento dos anos de escolarização e diminuição de ocorrência de hipossegmentação. No que se refere aos resultados quantitativos das estruturas envolvidas, destacamos: (i) a junção entre clítico e palavra prosódica é a característica do maior conjunto de dados; (ii) a junção entre dois clíticos é a segunda estrutura mais recorrente, predominando a hipossegmentação “oque”; (iii) a junção entre duas palavras prosódicas, a terceira mais recorrente no material analisado, decorre da mobilização de várias características linguísticas, como a hipossegmentação de estruturas perifrásticas que constituem exemplos de mudança linguística em curso; (iv) a junção de palavra prosódica e clítico é a estrutura menos recorrente, sendo a maioria dos dados decorrente da combinação de palavras com a ausência do hífen, que levou à formação de possíveis palavras prosódicas; (v) a junção envolvendo mais de uma palavra prosódica e/ou clítico ocorreu apenas em três dados, que abrangem estruturas como a frase entoacional e o enunciado fonológico. No que se refere aos resultados qualitativos, a partir de análise de cunho linguístico-textual, os casos em que há a flutuação entre convencional e não-convencional: (i) se distinguem entre si pela configuração prosódica, gramatical e linguística-textual; (ii) são indícios mais explícitos da inserção dos alunos em práticas orais/faladas e letradas/escritas; (ii) são marcas do complexo processo que envolve o Outro como instância representativa da linguagem (e da escrita em particular), a escrita na complexidade de seu funcionamento (heterogeneamente constituída) e o aluno enquanto sujeito escrevente. A principal contribuição desta dissertação está em: (i) fazer análise quantitativa e qualitativa de hipossegmentações no EF II; e (ii) evidenciar a complexidade que subjaz às relações entre prosódia e escrita por meio da segmentação não-convencional de palavras. / This work deals with the longitudinal characterization of the writing by students from Junior High School (EF II in Brazil) with respect to the hyposegmentations of written words in which there is the unconventional absence of graphic frontier (e.g. "puraqui" - "por aqui" in Portuguese - "around here" in English). To reach these objectives, we are based on a theoretical apparatus of prosodic phonology, on the one hand, a relation-based model, which conceives the existence of seven prosodic constituents that structure the utterances of the world's languages; and, on the other hand, in the approach of writing as constituted in a heterogeneous way. From the results obtained in the quantitative analysis, we highlight that is a correlation between the increase in the years of schooling and a decrease in the occurrence of hyposegmentations. Regarding the quantitative results of the structures, we highlight: (i) the junction between clitic and prosodic word is the characteristic of the largest data set; (ii) the junction between two clitics is the second most recurrent structure; (iii) the junction between two prosodic words, the third most recurrent in the material analyzed, derives from the mobilization of several linguistic characteristics, such as the hyposegmentation of periphrastic structures that are examples of linguistic change in progress; (iv) the prosodic and clitic word junction is the least recurrent structure, most of which results from the combination of words with the absence of the hyphen, which led to the formation of possible prosodic words; (v) the junction involving more than one prosodic and / or clitic word occurred only in three data, covering structures such as the intonational phrase and phonological utterance. Regarding the qualitative results, from a linguistic-textual analysis, we highlight that the cases in which there is a fluctuation between conventional and unconventional are: (i) distinguished by their prosodic, grammatical and linguistic-textual configuration ; (ii) more explicit indications of students' insertion into oral / spoken practices and literacy / written practices; (ii) marks of the complex process involving the Other as an instance representative of language (and writing in particular), writing in the complexity of its functioning (heterogeneously constituted) and the student as a writing subject. The main contribution of this work is: (i) to make a quantitative and qualitative analysis of hyposegmentations in by students from Junior High School (EF II) in Brazil Elementary School; and (ii) to show the complexity that underlies the relations between prosody and writing through unconventional segmentation of words. / FAPESP (Processo Nº 2015/26763-6)

The main aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze which monetary tools can be used by central banks to affects financial markets. Another important task is to evaluate how foreign interventions influenced an economy of the Czech Republic. A practical part of the diploma thesis was created on the base of data collection, statistic analysis, observation and evaluation. Data of the Czech Nation Bank and the Czech Statistical Office were used for needs of the diploma thesis.

Submitted by Stephanie Blattler (stblattler@gmail.com) on 2018-03-12T18:45:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado FGV - Dissertação - Stephanie Blattler - Versão Final - 12.03.2018.pdf: 772793 bytes, checksum: 107759c95799b83798ef3e00303c13aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br) on 2018-03-13T16:57:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado FGV - Dissertação - Stephanie Blattler - Versão Final - 12.03.2018.pdf: 772793 bytes, checksum: 107759c95799b83798ef3e00303c13aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T16:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado FGV - Dissertação - Stephanie Blattler - Versão Final - 12.03.2018.pdf: 772793 bytes, checksum: 107759c95799b83798ef3e00303c13aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / In Brazil, the debate regarding the exploration and production of shale gas became relevant with the 12th Bid Round promoted by the National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP), which offered areas with great potential of such unconventional hydrocarbon. The country is listed as the tenth with greater shale gas potential in the world. However, due to the international controversy involving this energy source, mainly by virtue of its potential environmental impacts and damages, the matter was brought to the courts and is subject to legislative initiatives, so that the production of such hydrocarbon in Brazil has not started yet. Therefore, the present essay aims to clarify how the exploration and production of shale gas takes place and what would be its potential harmful effects to the environment, demonstrating that there are diverging scientific opinions over the most relevant of such effects. The description of the existing regulatory instruments in Brazil, such as ANP Resolution No. 21/2014, is also provided herein, as well as the description of the current legal proceedings and bills over the matter. Following, this essay also describes how the shale gas matter was solved in four states/countries, as to verify if there are any valuable lessons for Brazil. Based on the scientific uncertainty over the potential environmental damages and impacts, the precautionary rule is herein analyzed, aiming to understand how precaution may be applied to shale gas and to other cases under similar scientific uncertainty. Initially, the doctrine of absolute precaution is presented, followed by the main critics to precaution. Finally, the main conclusion is that the path of interpretation for the shale gas case and for other cases with similar scientific uncertainty is the use of the precautionary rule modulated by proportionality, so that its application does not reflect an immediate prohibition, but the management of uncertainties through regulation. / No Brasil, a discussão a respeito da exploração e produção de gás de folhelho, conhecido de forma equivocada como “gás de xisto”, ganhou expressividade com a 12ª Rodada de Licitações promovida pela Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP), que licitou áreas com grande potencial exploratório para esse hidrocarboneto não convencional. O país apresenta o décimo maior potencial de gás de folhelho do mundo, porém, em razão da polêmica internacional que envolve essa fonte energética, principalmente em função de seus potenciais impactos e danos ambientais, a questão permanece judicializada e objeto de iniciativas legislativas, de forma que a produção desse hidrocarboneto no Brasil ainda não foi iniciada. Nesse âmbito, o presente trabalho visa esclarecer como se dá a exploração e produção do gás de folhelho e quais seriam seus potenciais efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente, demonstrando a divergência existente na comunidade científica sobre os mais relevantes desses potenciais efeitos. O trabalho também traz a descrição dos instrumentos regulatórios já existentes sobre o gás de folhelho no Brasil, como a Resolução ANP nº 21/2014, bem como dos processos judiciais e projetos de leis existentes sobre a questão. Em seguida, o presente trabalho também descreve como a questão do shale gas foi decidida em quatro estados/países, para verificar se podem ser extraídas lições para o Brasil. Com base na incerteza científica constatada sobre os potenciais danos e impactos ambientais, o postulado da precaução é aqui analisado, visando compreender como ele pode ser aplicado ao caso do gás de folhelho e a outros casos de incerteza científica análoga. Inicialmente, é apresentada a doutrina da precaução absoluta, para posteriormente introduzir as principais críticas ao postulado. Por fim, conclui-se que o caminho para a interpretação do caso do gás de folhelho e de outros casos em que recai incerteza científica análoga é a utilização do postulado da precaução modulado pela proporcionalidade, de modo que sua aplicação não reflita uma proibição imediata, mas sim o gerenciamento das incertezas envolvidas por meio da regulação.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-30T13:20:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ AFONSO GONÇALVES DE MACÊDO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGECA 1989..pdf: 62874473 bytes, checksum: fb1fdb8f43a121e308d6bbcf739a30b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-30T13:20:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ AFONSO GONÇALVES DE MACÊDO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGECA 1989..pdf: 62874473 bytes, checksum: fb1fdb8f43a121e308d6bbcf739a30b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989-08-31 / Este trabalho faz parte de um estudo mais amplo que visa a utilização de agregados graúdos não convencionais para a obtenção de misturas betuminosas e concreto de cimento Portland. Sendo concebido a partir de estudos já iniciados por outros pesquisadores, que estudaram comparativamente agregados graúdos calcários e lateríticos com um agregado graúdo granítico, visando suas utilizações em concreto betuminoso usinado ã quente. Nesta pesquisa os agregados são avaliados em laboratório,a partir de suas características físicas e mecânicas bem como fa zendo parte de um concreto betuminoso fabricado com teores de ligante determinados a partir dos estudos iniciados por Brasileiro, (1983). Também são verificadas as variações ocorridas com a absorção e massa específica dos agregados graúdos, antes e após a confecção dos corpos de prova pelo ensaio Marshall. Os resultados obtidos permiter.; concluir que, embora tenham sido obtidos em laboratório, existem boas perspectivas de utilização dos agregados lateríticos e calcários para fabricação de concreto betuminoso usinado ã quente, restando ainda, entre outras coisas, melhor adaptação da metodologia de ensaio para avaliação destes materiais e, a execução de trechos experimentais para verificar seus comportamentos em serviços. / This research, which is part of a more comprehensive study on non conventional materials, aims to utilize coarse aggregates for bituminous mixtures and concrete of Portland cement. Previous studies carried out by several investigators, have shown thorough comparative studies the feasibility of calcareous, laterite and granite coarse aggregates for hot-mix bituminous concrete. The aggregates utilized in this research are avaluated in the laboratory by its physical and mechanical characteristics.As well as in samples of bituminous concrete with binder contents, as determined by Brasileiro (1983). Also, it has been verified variations on the absorption and specific gravity of coarse aggregates, before and after the compaction of samples for Marshall test. The laboratory test results concluds that, there are good perspectives to utilize lateritic and calcareous aggregates for hot-mix bituminous concrete. Further research is needed to find the best testing methodology in order to evaluate these materials, and to construct trial pavements to verify its field behaviour.

Gas obtained from previously unexploited shale rock strata has emerged as an economically viable way of sourcing additional fossil fuel energy resources after the so-called ‘shale gas revolution’ in the United States. In the United Kingdom, the incumbent government has committed to the development of its own shale gas resources. A highly polarised public debate has erupted on the risks and rewards of extracting the shale gas deposits that presently lie underneath large swathes of the country using the controversial method of hydraulic fracturing, or ‘fracking’. This thesis examines how different groups in North West England – the major frontier of fracking in the UK – are contesting, resisting and negotiating the current government’s decision to sanction and push ahead towards the development a domestic shale gas industry. Employing a theoretical framework drawn from political ecology as its core mode of examination, this thesis utilises qualitative methods including in-depth interviews and participant observation techniques. It documents a range of social groupings that are contesting shale gas in the UK in a number of ways, and argues that landscapes and risk are fundamental hinges in this ongoing environmental conflict.

Les réservoirs dits « tight gas » sont constitués de grès de faible perméabilité ayant des propriétés petro-physiques susceptibles de nuire à la productivité du gisement. Une importante zone de transition est observée in situ dans laquelle ni l’eau ni le gaz ne sont suffisamment mobiles pour permettre une extraction industrielle : c’est ce que l’on appellera le « permeability jail ». Cette étude vise principalement à caractériser l’influence du chargement mécanique (via l’utilisation de différentes pressions de confinement) et de la nature des roches (roches provenant de différents puits et prélevées à différentes profondeurs) sur les courbes de perméabilité relative au gaz et les caractéristiques poro-mécaniques de ces roches. La porosité accessible à l’eau mesurée est de 2 à 12%. La perméabilité intrinsèque au gaz a mis en évidence de fortes disparités sans lien avec la porosité des échantillons. Une grande sensibilité de la perméabilité relative au confinement a été observée dès l’application de pressions de confinement de 15 à 30 MPa. Deux familles d’échantillons ont ainsi été identifiées. Les échantillons les plus perméables (perméabilité compris entre 100 – 1000 μD), sont peu sensibles au confinement et leur perméabilité relative ne chute qu’à partir de saturations de l’ordre de 50%. Les échantillons les moins perméables apparaissent beaucoup plus sensibles à la fois au confinement et à la saturation.Des méthodes classiquement utilisées dans le domaine pétrolier reposant sur l’interprétation d’essais de porosimétrie par intrusion mercure, ont également été mise en œuvre pour évaluer les perméabilités relatives et les comparer aux mesures expérimentales / So-called tight gas reservoirs are constituted of low permeability sandstones, which petro-physical properties may interfere with proper gas recovery. They have a low absolute permeability (below 0.1 mD under ambient conditions), a porosity lower than 10%, and a strong sensitivity to in situ stresses as compared to conventional reservoirs. Moreover, an important transition zone is observed in situ, where partial water saturation is present, and which may extend over several hundred meters over the free water table. In such zone, where water saturation is on the order of 40-50%, neither gas nor water seems sufficiently mobile for industrial extraction: this is the permeability jail. Our aim is to assess their actual petro-physical properties, namely porosity, gas permeability under varying hydrostatic stress and water saturation level, in relation with sandstone microstructure. Accessible water porosity measured is between 2 to 12%. The intrinsic permeability to gas did not appeared related to the porosity of samples. A high sensitivity of gas permeability to confinement was observed. Two families of samples were identified. The more permeable samples (permeability between 100-1000 μD), are relatively insensitive to confinement and their relative permeability decrease for water saturation higher than 50%. Less permeable samples appear much more sensitive to mechanical loading and saturation.Methods classically used in oil and gas industry based on the interpretation of mercury intrusion porosimetry tests have also been used to evaluate relative permeability and compared with experimental measurements

The thesis deals with relation between central bank independence and accountability. The relation is examined on example of quantitative easing implemented in the period 2005 - 2016 by the European central bank and the Federal Reserve System. From the theoretical and practical point of view the thesis proves that the relation between central bank independence and accountability are influenced by the specification of targets of monetary policy to a great extent. The thesis also proves that the specific definition of both central bank independence and accountability influenced the characteristics of quantitative resp. credit easing. Moreover, such monetary policy can potentially endanger the independence of both central banks in many ways. Thus, the implementation of quantitative easing itself and its potential consequences evidences that the contemporary conception of central bank independence and accountability is insufficient and needs to be reviewed.

The introduction of negative interest rates, as an additional tool of unconventional monetary policy in recent years, leads to many, yet largely polarized debates about the implications of the unconventional monetary policy of central banks. The main reason for their introduction in some economies, namely the threat of deflation, is also questioned, as well as the negative side effects of this instrument on financial stability and economic growth, and finally, their limited scope is under scrutiny. Due to the still insufficient research in this field, the aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the concerns and the main long-term risks and impacts of the monetary policy using negative interest rates in the context of deflation threats. The analysis of available data confirms both the concerns about the negative effects of negative interest rates on the banking sector, the recovery process of public finances, the possible rise of a price bubble on the financial markets and real estate markets, or on the possibility of excessive risk taking, and on the other hand draws attention to the direct dependence between negative impacts and the duration of monetary policy using negative interest rates.

L’analyse de la controverse sur le gaz de schiste en France et au Québec à un niveauintermédiaire (méso) permet de souligner les processus de construction et contestation sociale etpolitique des différents cadrages soutenus par les réseaux d’acteurs en concurrence. Lesdynamiques d’intéressement à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’action publique illustrent lesmultiples scènes et forums dans lesquels se déploie la controverse. L’analyse de la construction dece problème public et ses diverses redéfinitions démontre le rôle central du cadrage politique descontroverses. Les solutions retenues définissent tout autant qu’elles tentent de réduire le risquerelatif à cette nouvelle industrie gazière (face à un risque cadré comme technologique en France,on observe un cadrage sur l’acceptabilité sociale au Québec). Il s’agit alors d’insisterparticulièrement sur la dimension procédurale de problématisation des enjeux au regard du recoursà la participation publique et à l’expertise scientifique. Les multiples acteurs de cette controversesont interrogés : les participants à la mobilisation sociale mais aussi les acteurs de l’industrie et desstructures politiques et administratives, afin de dresser la cartographie de leur position mais ausside leurs discours depuis les prémices de cette nouvelle activité industrielle d’exploration du gaz deschiste (2008) jusqu’aux derniers rebondissements politiques (2015). Cette recherche s’appuie surun corpus d’entretiens qualitatifs (40) mais aussi d’articles de presse écrite (2 400) ainsi que surl’analyse qualitative et quantitative des divers rapports et commissions de travail sur le gaz deschiste. / The analysis of the shale gas controversy in France and Quebec at an intermediate (meso)level stresses the social and political construction and dispute processes of the various framingssupported by contesting actors’ networks. “Interestment” dynamics both inside and outside publicpolicies show the multiple scenes and forums in which the controversy unfold. The analysis ofhow this public problem is built and its various redefinitions shows the core role of politicalframing of controversies. The solutions define as well as they reduce the risk related to this newindustry (a technological risk in France and a frame on social acceptability in Quebec). It is thenimportant to stress the procedural dimension of problematizing the stakes regarding publicparticipation and scientific expertise. This study questions the various actors of the controversy,those of social mobilization, the industry and the political and administrative structures, to mapboth their position and their discourses since the beginnings of the new industrial activity ofexploring for shale gas (2008) to the latest political developments (2015). This study is based on acorpus of qualitative interviews (40), press articles (2 400) and a qualitative and quantitativeanalysis of the various reports and committees on shale gas.

在面臨2008年金融危機後嚴峻之需求面衝擊下，多國央行紛紛調降利率，甚至調降至零利率，以期望國家能盡速脫離經濟衰退。在利率調降的過程中，由於受零利率下限的限制，單純藉由傳統貨幣政策之調控，仍可能無法使經濟從嚴峻的需求面衝擊下恢復。因此，非傳統貨幣政策也在美國、日本、英國、歐元區等國家被央行所採行做為對抗經濟衰退的政策工具。在此背景下，我們想了解如何實施最適非傳統貨幣政策。 在最適貨幣政策理論發展中，最適傳統貨幣政策發展較早，因此也較為完備。而在最適非傳統貨幣政策方面，前瞻指引(forward guidance)這項政策工具已被引入最適理論中來進行討論，但量化寬鬆(quantitative easing)直至今日還未被引入最適理論中來討論。 因此，本文建構一個封閉的新興凱因斯模型(New Keynesian)，開創性的將量化寬鬆引入最適貨幣政策理論中，來討論最適傳統與非傳統貨幣政策，也藉此與過去文獻比較施行量化寬鬆與未施行量化寬鬆之影響。 / After financial crisis occurred in 2008, countries, such as United States of America, United Kingdom, Japan and the euro area, have been mired in slow economic growth, compared with long-term, and have confronted with severe negative demand shocks which can’t be offset by zero interest-rate policy. Under the circumstance where zero lower bound was present, unconventional monetary policy was implemented by central bank of each country to end up the economic recession prospectively. As a result, we are interested in how to implement optimal unconventional monetary policy. The literatures regarding implementing conventional optimal monetary policy under demand shock were developed maturely. Forward guidance, one of unconventional monetary policy, was already developed in field of optimal monetary policy under impacted by demand shock, but quantitative easing has not been conducted in the theory of optimal monetary policy so far. Thus, we construct a close-economy by New Keynesian model to conduct quantitative easing into the theory of optimal monetary policy to discuss the optimal conventional and unconventional monetary policy, and to compare the difference corresponding to the previous literatures which without quantitative easing.