Yes / A mature oil field rescaled contraction describes a switch to a technological alternative more appropriate for the depleted state of an underlying resource. Off-shore oil rigs are an illustration, since the original technological scale designed for very large output flows becomes inappropriate as the operational efficiency declines later in life and facing a dwindling output flow, so a more appropriate extraction technology becomes economic. A real option representation is formulated on a stochastic oil price and deteriorating output volume. We consider investment/divestment decisions both separately, and jointly, which have different implications for government policies and also option values. The resulting model yields analytical (or semi-analytical) results indicating that immediate switching to the lower cost technology could sometimes be hastened as the price volatility increases, depending on the current revenue, if divestment and switching are considered jointly. However, greater volatility could also promote hysteresis.

The problem of this study was to determine the relationship between chronological age and reading achievement and between chronological age and personality development in school children.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第25464号 / 地環博第250号 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 藤原 拓, 教授 越後 信哉, 教授 梶井 克純, 教授 上田 佳代 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Différentes techniques de chromatographie liquide des polymères ont été étudiées selon leur principe d’élution et le comportement conformationnel des polymères suscité au sein de la phase stationnaire. De part leur capacité à caractériser des copolymères à blocs, la Chromatographie Liquide aux Conditions Critiques (LC CC) et la Chromatographie Liquide aux Conditions Limites de Désorption (LC LCD) ont été utilisées pour déterminer la composition chimique de copolymères à blocs à base de poly(oxyde d’éthylène) et de polystyrène. La LC LCD s’est distinguée par sa capacité à séparer de manière efficace les copolymères à blocs de leurs homopolymères parents. Cette méthode chromatographique a ensuite été optimisée afin d’être appliquée à une plus large gamme de masses molaires. / Several advanced techniques of liquid chromatography of polymers were studied according to their elution principle and the conformational behaviour of polymers along the stationary phase. Because of their potential to characterize block copolymers, Liquid Chromatography under Critical Conditions (LC CC) and Liquid Chromatography under Limiting Conditions of Desorption (LC LCD) were employed to determine the chemical composition of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Polystyrene based block copolymers. Interestingly, LC LCD was proved to be particularly efficiently to separate block copolymers from both their parent homopolymers. LC LCD method was then optimized to extend the applicable molar masses ranges.

Les séries familiales, qui connaissent un franc succès aux États-Unis depuis les années 1950, ne sont aujourd’hui toujours pas considérées comme un genre fictionnel à part entière. Ce travail de recherche s’attache à en dessiner les contours et à en définir les caractéristiques. Après avoir effectué un historique de la série familiale et de son évolution, il analyse les constantes sociologiques, culturelles et politiques de la famille télévisée contemporaine et la manière dont elle reflète les évolutions de la société américaine, à travers l’étude de quatre séries télévisées de 2000 à 2015 représentatives de sa diversité : Malcolm in the Middle, Gilmore Girls, Six Feet Under et Parenthood. / Family TV shows, hugely successful in the United States since the 1950s, are still not considered today a genre in it’s own right. This research work focuses on shaping its contours and defining its characteristics. After presenting a history of family TV shows and its evolution, it analyzes the sociological, cultural and political constants of the contemporary TV family, and the way it reflects the changes in American society, through the study of four TV shows from 2000 to 2015 representative of its diversity : Malcolm in the Middle, Gilmore Girls, Six Feet Under and Parenthood.

Le but de ce travail est la caractérisation du comportement au délaminage des composites stratifiés en mode mixte I+II+III, en se focalisant en particulier sur le verrou scientifique que représente le mode III pur. Cette thèse repose sur un travail à la fois expérimental et numérique, validant numériquement les tests existants et ceux développés. La mise en perspective des résultats obtenus a permis, d'un coté, de mieux appréhender l'importance de la distribution des taux de restitution d'énergie, GI, GII et GIII, le long du front de fissure sur le la détermination de la ténacité du composite et d'un autre coté, de proposer et d'améliorer les méthodes de caractérisation. Avant d'évoquer le délaminage en mode mixte, nos efforts se sont d'abord concentrés sur la caractérisation du délaminage en mode III pur. Deux essais de type " Edge Crack Torsion " (ECT) disponibles dans la littérature ont été réalisés. La distribution de GIII le long du front de fissure a été déterminée par la méthode des éléments finis (MEF) en utilisant la technique de fermeture virtuelle de fissure (VCCT). La capacité de ces tests est compromise par : 1. La participation du mode II non nul ; 2. La forte variation de GIII près des bords de l'éprouvette. Ces problèmes rendent la détermination de la ténacité en mode III pur, GIIIC, difficile et imprécise. Par la suite, un nouveau test a été proposé, nommé "Edge Ring Crack Torsion" test (ERCT ou ERT-III). Il s'appuie sur une éprouvette possédant une fissure de front circulaire, l'absence d'extrémités sur le front de fissure permet de supprimer les effets de bords. Après l'optimisation et la modification de la géométrie du dispositif dans le test ERCT original, GIII le long du front de fissure reste presque constant avec très peu de modes parasites. La formule proposée par Tada est appliquée pour déterminer GIIIC. Il est démontré qu'en général, si la variation de GIII est faible le long du front de fissure, la ténacité déterminée par une solution " closed-form " concorde bien avec celle obtenue numériquement. En fait, la répartition de GIII peut être influencée par divers facteurs, tels que la nature des stratifiés, la géométrie du dispositif expérimental et la géométrie des éprouvettes. L'interaction de ces facteurs a été aussi abordée dans cette étude. En outre, une étude numérique de sensibilité aux défauts a permis de vérifier la robustesse de l'essai proposé vis-à-vis de différents défauts qui sont inhérent à tout travail expérimental. Enfin, une géométrie d'éprouvette optimisée est donnée avec une méthodologie permettant de réduire les fluctuations de GIII. L'utilisation de l'éprouvette ERC a été généralisée à la caractérisation du délaminage pour deux autres modes purs : l'essai de traction permet de solliciter ERC en mode I pur et celui de flexion sollicite ERC en mode II pur, nommé ERCTE ou ERC-I et ERCF ou ERC-II, respectivement. Les avantages du test ERCT sont bien conservés. La réalisation des essais ERC-I, ERC-II et ERC-III permet de mesurer la ténacité de chacun des trois modes purs sur des éprouvettes ayant la même géométrie. Finalement, nous avons étudié numériquement la faisabilité de réaliser les essais de délaminage en mode mixte I + II, I + III et I + II + III sur les éprouvettes ERC. Il s'avère que le rapport modal en mode mixte peut être obtenu dans une large gamme en faisant varier la géométrie de l'éprouvette et en combinant les modes de chargement. Aucun mode indésirable n'est présent lors des essais en mode mixte I+II ou en mode mixte I+III. Cependant la distribution de GI, GII et GIII ne sont pas complètement uniforme, mais sa variation reste assez petite. En conclusion, les tests ERC proposés dans cette étude sont prometteurs pour la caractérisation du comportement au délaminage en mode mixte des composites. Il serait possible, dans un avenir proche, de proposer un critère de délaminage en mode mixte I+II+III basé sur une étude utilisant des essais sur éprouvettes ERC. / The aim of this research work is to characterize the delamination behavior of laminate composite materials under the three pure modes and mixed modes, focusing especially on the complex issue of mode III. Both experimental and numerical works were performed, validating the existing and new testing methods. Correlation between the results obtained aims, on the one hand to better understand the distribution of strain energy release rates (GI, GII, GIII) along the crack front; on the other hand, to propose and improve testing methods, and to propose and validate simple approaches for determination of delamination toughness. Pure mode III testing methods are studied. Firstly, two kinds of Edge Crack Torsion tests were carried out, the distribution of GIII along the crack front were determined by finite element analysis (FEA) using virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). The performances of these tests are compromised by the drawbacks: (1) A participation of mode II component cannot be completely eliminated; (2) The distribution of GIII along the crack front is not uniform especially near the sides. After a study of existing tests, a novel mode III testing method was proposed, named Edge Ring Crack Torsion test (ERCT or ERC-III later). In the ERC specimen, the total absence of sides in the circular crack front leads to no edge effects. As a result, pure mode III delamination is achieved and the distribution of GIII along the crack front is quite uniform. In fact, the values of GIII along the crack front are nearly constant after optimizing and modifying the geometry of device in the original ERCT test. A closed-form solution proposed by Tada is applied to determine mode III delamination toughness. In ERCT test, the results calculated by Tada formula agree well with the ones calculated by VCCT when the distribution of GIII is relatively uniform. Actually, a numerical study shows that the distribution of GIII can be affected by different factors related to the nature of laminates tested, the geometry of test device and the geometry of the specimens. The interactive effect of above factors was also discussed in this study. In order to understand the influence of potential defaults on the performance of ERCT test, sensitivity study has been performed on the relative position of the crack front, the circularity of the crack front and the specimen shape. Optimum specimen's relative pre-crack geometry is given and a method for reducing the variation is provided. Then the application of ERC specimen was generalized to other pure delamination modes characterization. Pure mode I can be realized if ERC specimens are loaded in tension, named ERCTE or ERC-I, so can pure mode II if ERC specimens are loaded in flexion, named ERCF or ERC-II. The distribution of the strain energy release rates was also evaluated by FEA using VCCT. These tests keep most advantages of ERC-III test. Pure mode I and pure mode II delamination are achieved respectively and the distribution of GI or GII along the crack front is quite uniform. The realization of ERC-I, ERC-II and ERC-III allows to measure the toughness of each of three pure modes without any interference from geometry of specimens. Finally, we have studied numerically the feasibility to realize the delamination tests in mixed mode I+II, I+III and I+II+III by using ERC specimen. Firstly, the mixed mode ratio can be obtained in a large range by varying the geometry of the specimen and by combining loading modes. Secondly, no unwanted mode is presented for mixed mode I+II and mixed mode I+III; Thirdly, the distribution of strain energy release rates are not completely uniform but its variation is small enough to be accepted. In conclusion, ERC tests are promising testing methods for characterization of mixed mode delamination behavior. It will be possible to propose a mixed mode I+II+III delamination criterion based on the investigation by ERC tests in a close future.

The contracting company is in the desire of an autonomous system that can do tedious administrative work that is today done manually. They would like to autonomically notify customers about incoming alarms from the customers’ real estates’ Data Under Centrals and to notify about bookings, in which a complete booking system has to be created, together with a file system analyzer that notifies about new files in the customers’ project folders. A notification system was made that was easily deployable and ready to use. The system had to be completely configurable for the contracting company to use it to its full potential. The notification system was to send notifications when a new alarm had entered the database, a booking had to be reminded of, a rebooking was made or a file had been added to the file system in a designated project folder. The contracting company had a web portal that was further developed in ASP.net in which a booking calendar and booking viewer page was added together with a form creation and management system. A demo buttons page was also added for generating demo notifications for the company to show it’s customers how the system responds to certain events. The employees at GATE IBS feel confident that this system will help them in their working environment to further strengthen their position as an industry leading business in control- and monitoring technology. / Det uppdragsgivande företaget önskar ett autonomt system som kan utföra tidskrävande administrativt arbete som idag utförs manuellt. De vill autonomt informera kunderna om inkommande larm från kundens fastigheters "Data Under Centrals" samt meddela om bokningar där ett komplett bokningssystem måste skapas tillsammans med en filsystemanalysator som meddelar om nya filer i kundens projektmapp. Ett notifikationssystem gjordes som var enkelt att distribuera och redo att använda. Systemet måste vara helt konfigurerbart för att det uppdragsgivande bolaget ska kunna använda programmet till sin fulla potential. Anmälningssystemet skulle skicka meddelanden när ett nytt larm hade kommit in i databasen, en bokning måste påminnas om, ombokning gjordes eller en fil hade lagts till filsystemet i en utsedd projektmapp. Kontraktsföretaget hade en webbportal som vidareutvecklades i ASP.net där en bokningskalender och bokningsvisningssida lagts till tillsammans med ett formulärgenererings- och formulärhanteringssystem och en demoknappssida för att generera demonotifikationer för att företaget ska kunna visa kunderna hur systemet svarar på vissa händelser. De anställda på GATE IBS är övertygade om att detta system kommer att hjälpa dem i sin arbetsmiljö för att ytterligare stärka sin ställning som branschledande företag inom kontroll- och övervakningsteknik.

This study sought to determine if and how television texts produced since September 11, 2001, reflect and address cultural concerns by analyzing patterns in their theme and narrative style. Three American television serials were examined as case studies. Each text addressed a common cluster of contemporary issues such as trauma, death, and loss.

[pt] A tese busca aprimorar, em termos teóricos e práticos, a modelagem de valoração econômica de investimentos sob alto grau de incerteza, tais como os projetos de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D), sobretudo os de natureza incremental. Partindo de um modelo de valoração de projetos baseado na Teoria das Opções Reais, incorpora uma concepção de incerteza mais completa, que alcança aspectos ligados ao ato decisório, conhecida como Incerteza knightiana, onde são separados os conceitos de risco e incerteza. A aplicação integral da concepção de Knight (1921) em modelos quantitativos é possível em função do desenvolvimento matemático de Schmeidler (1982), que resultou em nova fórmula de cálculo de valores esperados, baseada na integral de Choquet (1953). O novo modelo compreende um cálculo de valor esperado que reconhece no agente uma aversão à incerteza nessa conceituação, conhecido como valor esperado de Choquet. / [en] The Thesis aims to improve, on theoretical and pratical terms, the modeling of economic valuation of investments under high uncertainty, such as Research and Development projects (R&D), especially those that are incremental in nature. From a valuation model based on the design of Real Options Theory, it incorporates a more complete view of uncertainty, which reaches the decisionmaking aspects of the act, known as knightian Uncertainty, where the concepts of risk and uncertainty are separated. The full implementation of the concept of Knight (1921) on quantitative models is possible according to the mathematical development of Schmeidler (1982), which resulted in a new formula for calculation of expected values, based on the Choquet integral (1953). The new model includes a calculation of expected value that makes it possible for the agent to recognize an uncertainty aversion in this concept, known as the Choquet expected value.

The Bachelor thesis ”Freedom under responsibility” is based on the work of the foundation Fryshuset in Stockholm, Hammarby Sjöstad (HS) on the 8th floor. The foundation runs its operations in Sweden as well as internationally with the main focus being personal- growth and development of the youth. High trust levels in combination with holding great responsibilities enable the people of the foundation agility in their planning and execution in order to meet their objectives in a highly dynamic environment. This way of working is called freedom under responsibility and is greatly appreciated by the employees, however, lack of direction, accountability, and communication has been raised as an issue. The purpose of the study is to identify and clarify the problems that exist in the Fryshuset´s HS in the 8th floor 'Freedom under responsibility', in order to be able to improve and develop the working method.This thesis aims to analyze and evaluate the operation management strategies, leadership, and communication regarding direction, objective setting, planning, execution, and evaluation. The last part of the thesis contains recommendations for improvements of the operations of the foundation. The thesis result is based on data collected from Fryshuset's HS on the 8th floor documentation, interviews and survey. The result shows that one of the major problems in ‘Freedom under responsibility’ is the daily operations from the operation management. The recommendations for improvements is:• Improve the work to form the annual objective setting • Improve followup meetings / Examensarbetet ’Frihet under ansvar’ är inriktad på stiftelsen Fryshuset i Stockholm, Hammarby Sjöstad (HS) på våning 8. Fryshuset är en stiftelse som bedriver verksamhet i Sverige men även internationellt. Fokus ligger på unga och deras chans att utvecklas och växa. Medarbetarna på Fryshuset HS våning 8 har mycket ansvar med stor handlingsfrihet, de arbetar mycket självständigt och styr sig själva i arbetet. Medarbetarna uppskattar detta arbetssätt, som en del kallar ‘Frihet under ansvar’ men önskar en ökad styrning och bättre kommunikation från chef- och ledarskapet. Syftet med studien är att identifiera och klargöra vilka problem som finns i Fryshuset HS våning 8 arbetssätt ‘Frihet under ansvar’, för att sedan kunna förbättra och utveckla arbetssättet. Det som har undersökts i arbetssättet ‘Frihet under ansvar’ är Fryshusets HS våning 8 organisationsstyrning, specifikt ledarskapets styrning och kommunikation gällande målformulering, planering, genomförande, uppföljning och utvärdering. Resultatet baseras på data som har samlats in från Fryshusets HS våning 8 befintliga dokumentation, genomförda intervjuer och utskickad enkät. Resultatet tillsammans med analys visar att det råder problem i Fryshuset HS våning 8 dagliga styrning som i sin tur skapar problem i arbetssättet ’Frihet under ansvar’. Rekommendationen är att Fryshuset HS våning 8 möter problemet genom att förbättra upprättandet av den årliga verksamhetsplanen samt förbättra avstämningsmöten som hålls med medarbetarna.