The main topic of the work is the interpretation of feelings related to the issue of disappearing landscape values at the expense of uncontrolled extensive development of suburban areas. It is a subjective thought product of several years of experience in architectural practice, including, among other things, one's own participation in a similar invasive construction. This empiricism has resulted in the constant questioning of ethical conduct and responsibility. The key terms are suburbanization, urban sprawl, development, satellite town, outskirts, transformation of the aura of a place in „non-aura“. An integral part of the work is represented by considerations about the general position of the object within the hierarchy of (sub)urban space. The object does not mean only positive examples in the form of aesthetic, orientation or vegetation elements. The focus is also on its averted form — waste, utilitarian technical and functional elements or, for example, the seemingly endless colonization of public space by cars. Colonization of our minds. All spatial objects are also psychotropic. Their mental impact can be beneficial, arousing affect or emotion. But what if the objects in the public space are completely missing? The urban object is not far from the position of an artifact, a prop of everyday life, which does not belong to a person physically, but mentally.

Our world is creeping closer to the challenges and problems created by technology and urban planning in the last century. People put faith in new technology and a comfortable lifestyle, which has led to many different social problems. The consequences of this have led to sustainability being a hot topic in today’s society, where the environment is in focus. However, sustainability is more than just the environment. Sustainability also aims to improve social activities in our society and bring life and movement to our streets. Streets are a cornerstone of our society, where people move, meet, and create life. As the simplest form of stage for people to perform social activities, the street should be accessible to everyone. During the 20th century, planning ideals and the car changed the way the city's spaces were designed. The car took up more and more space and the street's functionality were limited, which planning still tries to counteract today.  This study aims to increase the understanding of how external retail areas affect pedestrian and cyclist movements in the area. External retail areas are car-centric with large parking areas. With new knowledge, the study aims to contribute to a better understanding of how they can be improved to better suit pedestrians and cyclists. At the same time, the study will investigate how analysis tools for the streets of the future can be used in an area with a different type of street structure.  Through the literature review, the study gained a foundation to build on during the analysis. The previous research helped to shed light on key factors that were relevant to the purpose and goals of the study.  For the analysis, the design guide for Smart Streets was used as an analytic tool. The site was analysed both by measuring the physical environment on site and through base maps and aerial photos. The measurement of the physical environment helped to map the functions of the street spaces. Furthermore, observations were made as part of the analysis, where movements and activities were mapped. / Vår värld kryper närmare de utmaningar och problem som tekniken och planeringen skapade under förra seklet. Människans tilltro till den nya tekniken och bekvämlighet har lett till många olika samhällsproblem. Konsekvenserna av detta har lett till att hållbarhet är ett hett samtalsämne där miljön står i fokus. Hållbarhet är dock så mycket mer än bara miljö. Hållbarhet ämnar även att förbättra sociala aktiviteter i vårt samhälle och ge liv och rörelse till våra gator. Gatorna är en grundsten i vårt samhälle, där människor rör sig, möts, och skapar liv. Som den enklaste form av scen för människor att utföra sociala aktiviteter bör gatan därför vara tillgänglig för alla. Under 1900-talet förändrade planeringsideal och bilen hur stadens rum utformades. Bilen tog alltmer plats och gatans funktionalitet begränsades, vilket planeringen än idag arbetar för att motverka. Denna studie syftar till att öka förståelsen för hur externa handelsområden påverkar fotgängare och cyklisters rörelser i området. Externa handelsområden är bilcentrerade med stora parkeringsytor. Med ny kunskap ämnar studien att bidra till en bättre förståelse för hur de kan förbättras för fotgängare och cyklister. Samtidigt kommer studien att undersöka hur analysverktyg för framtidens gator kan användas i ett område med en annan typ av gatustruktur. Genom litteraturstudien fick studien en grund att bygga vidare på under analysen. Den tidigare forskningen bidrog till att belysa viktiga faktorer som var relevanta för studiens syfte och mål. Till analysen användes designguiden för Smarta gator som verktyg. Platsen analyserades både genom att mäta den fysiska miljön på plats och genom grundkarta och flygfoton. Mätningen av den fysiska miljön hjälpte till med att kartlägga gaturummens funktioner. Vidare utfördes observationer som en del av analysen, där rörelser och aktiviteter kartlades.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:22:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Krobath Luz Pera.pdf: 24060993 bytes, checksum: c91c61f67ac836f0448c3bc62ac3d8a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / This research has as object, the contemporary process of urban sprawl in cities that are contained in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas RMC, region defined for the empirical study. The research assumes that the urban space is both social product and process of various logical of productions vying for the urban space. However some logical of productions can act more than others choosing new vectors of growth of the city's , whether by political, economic or ideological reasons. We were adopted three research strategies for the study of contemporary urban expansion: a) to characterize the contemporary urban expansion in the RMC through the growth survey of legally urban areas (i.e., through the expansion of graphed urban perimeters in municipal law), the areas that are really urbanized and the relationship with the regional context and through the use of the IBGE database; b) analyzing federal and municipal planning legislation that addresses the issue of urban sprawl on the light of understanding that planning legislation is not merely a technical part, it results from the clash of interests of the different agents that make up society; c) mapping and systemizing the logic of production active in newly incorporated areas of the Municipal urban area, collecting the arguments used by the municipal public sector to justify the approval of each of the legally urban area expansions. The systematization of these justifications reveals the ideology constructed to justify the expansion of the areas legally considered as urban, often legitimized through a built speech to mislead that the simple expansion of the urban area would ensure the urban development of the city. This work helps to explain the way that government - executive and legislative - plan through laws their territory and orchestra the logical production of urban space which, in turn, are closely associated with the standard space that produces urban sprawl, socio-segregated spatially, physically fragmented and a full of inequalities and environmental weaknesses. / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto, o processo contempor?neo de expans?o urbana em munic?pios contidos em uma ?rea metropolitana, sendo definido para fins do estudo emp?rico, a Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas RMC como recorte territorial. Parte-se da premissa que o espa?o urbano ? produto social e processo das diferentes l?gicas de produ??o que disputam o espa?o urbano, contudo algumas l?gicas de produ??o conseguem atuar mais do que outras no processo de escolha dos novos vetores de crescimento da cidade, seja por motivos pol?ticos, econ?micos ou ideol?gicos. Foram adotadas tr?s estrat?gias de investiga??o para estudo da expans?o urbana contempor?nea: a) caracterizar a expans?o urbana contempor?nea na RMC por meio da an?lise do crescimento das ?reas legalmente urbanas (ou seja, por meio da expans?o dos per?metros urbanos grafados em lei municipal), das ?reas de fato urbanizadas e sua rela??o com o contexto regional e por interm?dio da utiliza??o de dados do IBGE; b) analisar a legisla??o urban?stica federal e municipal que trata da quest?o da expans?o urbana, sobre a luz do entendimento que a legisla??o urban?stica n?o ? meramente uma pe?a t?cnica, pois resulta do embate de interesses dos diversos agentes que comp?em a sociedade c) mapear e sistematizar por meio de fichas de caracteriza??o as l?gicas de produ??o atuantes em ?reas rec?m-incorporadas ao per?metro urbano municipal, coletando-se as argumenta??es utilizadas pelo setor p?blico municipal para justificar a aprova??o de cada uma das expans?es de ?rea legalmente urbana. A sistematiza??o destas justificativas revela as ideologias constru?das para justificar a expans?o das ?reas legalmente urbanas, legitimadas muitas vezes por meio de um discurso constru?do para aludir que a simples expans?o do tecido urbano por si s? garante o desenvolvimento urbano do munic?pio. Esta disserta??o contribui para explicitar que a maneira com que o poder p?blico Executivo e Legislativo planeja por meio de leis seu territ?rio e orquestra as l?gicas atuantes na produ??o do espa?o urbano est? intrinsecamente associada ao padr?o de espa?o que se produz: disperso, segregado socioespacialmente, fisicamente fragmentado e repleto de desigualdades e fragilidades socioambientais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:20:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LAURINDA FERNANDA SALDANHA SIQUEIRA.pdf: 940563 bytes, checksum: 997451038c9761fcacf436b4488d38e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / What has been observed on the beaches of the island of Maranhao (Brazil) is an intense process of urbanization started from the 70's, not always accompanied by urban space structuring and planning, causing many environmental problems, mainly with respect to environmental sanitation. In coastal areas, the challenge of integrated management is mainly to harmonize urban development with conservation and sustainable use. Whereas improve the quality of decisions in the management of sustainability, are necessary closer links between the results of sustainability monitoring and the policy responses of decision makers. Under the hypothesis that increasing levels of total coliform in the beaches water, as indicative of contamination by domestic sewage and therefore a poor urban planning, are results of the performance variables of urban sprawl and sanitation indicators, had the objective to propose tools to aid the integrated management and sustainability in the form of time series and numerical predictive models of levels of total coliform bacteria in water from the beaches of Ponta da Areia, São Marcos, Calhau, Olho d Água and Araçagy, coastline of the island of Maranhao (Brazil). To this end, a study was performed documental and field research to obtain data about urban sprawl, sanitation and water quality of the beaches studied for construction and analysis of time series of total coliform in water, study the correlations between variables urban expansion and sanitation on the levels of total coliforms and construction and proposal of numerical models based in correlations found and peculiarities of the beaches studied. The results indicate confirmation of research hypothesis. The analysis of time series indicated a significant increase in levels of total coliform in the water of the beaches studied, being more significant on the beaches Calhau, São Marcos and Olho d Água, and less significant on the beaches of Ponta da Areia and Araçagy. The amplitude of the seasonal behavior of these levels was variable, subject to seasonal multiplicative factors responsible for checking the variability, this strike was obtained which allowed equations to calculate them for each time period. The variables explained most of the growth of total coliforms in water and are used in the construction of predictive numerical models, was urban population, population density, number of households connected to the sewer system, number of households with inadequate sewage, water pH and release numbers in natura sewage on the beaches, associated characteristics of each beach in the form of seasonal factors obtained by the time series analysis. This study is an indirect measurement and should be used as an alternative tool in the sustainable management of the area studied and evaluation of public policies to the management of water resources. The research merit on integrated coastal management was to represent reverse direction to the your proposed goals and sustainability of the coastline of the island of Maranhão (Brazil). / O que se tem observado nas praias da Ilha do Maranhão (Brasil) é um processo intenso de urbanização iniciado a partir da década de 70, nem sempre acompanhado por uma estruturação e planejamento do espaço urbano, ocasionando inúmeros problemas ambientais, principalmente no que concerne ao saneamento ambiental. Nas áreas costeiras o desafio do gerenciamento integrado está, sobretudo, em harmonizar o desenvolvimento urbano com a conservação e o uso sustentável. Neste âmbito, considerando a melhoria da qualidade das decisões em gestão da sustentabilidade, são necessárias relações mais estreitas entre os resultados do monitoramento da sustentabilidade e as respostas políticas dos tomadores de decisão. Sob a hipótese de que os níveis crescentes de coliformes totais na água das praias, como indicativos de contaminação por esgotos domésticos e, por conseguinte de um planejamento urbano deficiente, são resultado da atuação de variáveis de expansão urbana e de indicadores de saneamento básico, teve-se o objetivo propor ferramentas de auxilio ao gerenciamento costeiro integrado na forma de séries temporais e modelos numéricos preditivos dos níveis de coliformes totais na água das praias da Ponta da Areia, São Marcos, Calhau, Olho d água e Araçagy, da orla marítima da Ilha do Maranhão (Brasil). Neste intuito, foi realizada pesquisa documental e em campo para obtenção de dados referentes à expansão urbana, ao saneamento básico e à qualidade da água das praias estudadas, para construção e análise das séries temporais de coliformes totais na água, estudo das correlações entre as variáveis de expansão urbana e saneamento básico sobre os níveis de coliformes totais e para construção e proposição de modelos numéricos com base nas correlações identificadas e nas peculiaridades das praias estudadas. Os resultados indicam confirmação da hipótese da pesquisa. A análise das séries temporais indicou haver tendência crescente nos níveis de coliformes totais na água das praias em estudo, sendo mais significativa nas praias do Calhau, São Marcos e Olho d Água, e menos significativa nas praias da Ponta da Areia e Araçagy. A amplitude da sazonalidade do comportamento destes níveis foi variável, condicionada a fatores sazonais multiplicativos responsáveis por conferir a variabilidade, neste intento obteve-se equações que permitiram calculá-los para cada período de tempo. As variáveis que mais explicaram o crescimento dos níveis de coliformes totais na água, sendo utilizadas na construção dos modelos numéricos preditivos, foram população urbana, densidade populacional, número de domicílios ligados a rede coletora de esgotos, número de domicílios com estruturas inadequadas de esgotamento sanitário, pH da água e números de lançamento de esgoto in natura nas praias, associadas as peculiaridades de cada praia na forma de fatores sazonais obtidos pela análise das séries temporais. Há de se ter em mente que este estudo é uma aferição indireta e que deve ser utilizada como instrumento subsidiário na gestão sustentável do espaço estudado e na avaliação das políticas públicas traçadas na área de gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos. O mérito da pesquisa diante o gerenciamento costeiro integrado foi verificar o retrocesso em direção às suas metas e à sustentabilidade da orla marítima da Ilha do Maranhão (Brasil).

This master’s thesis deals with analysis of documents for the realization of the new buildings the wider area of Brno. It is divided into the theoretical part and the empirical part. The theoretical part describes defines and characterize different stages of implementation of building plots in the framework of utility lines and roads on agricultural land (greenfields), designated for residential housing. In the empirical part goals and methodology of the research project are mentioned and it is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to case studies comparing and analyzing the costs and revenues of the developer selected localities of satellite towns. The second part is focused on the actual development of land prices. It points to items affecting profit or loss of the developer. In the last chapter the author of this thesis describes creating a preliminary calculation, which the developer can determine whether a satellite town of the selected project will be successful or not. In conclusion, the thesis points out important factors affecting the project success of the satellite town.

In the current post-industrial society, with increasing requirement of sustainability, greenery significantly participates in the spatial, operational and functional organization of the urban environment. The first part of the thesis introduces relationship between formation and structure of greenery in an urban environment from the historical point of view. Elements of greenery in an urban environment and on its margins filled a variety of functions: from productional and aesthetical to the recreational and ecological. Green areas have also gradually become an important public space. In the current urban environment, areas of vegetation arise mainly in the form of recultivation of post-industrial areas, adjusted smaller parks, greenery of business and entertainment centers, or greenery of residential units. The thesis is focusing on the last mentioned type, which should be in the closest coexistence with residential environment and on the possibilities of creating eco-residential units, which can become a substitute /or at least one of the possible options/ to mono-functional residential zones emerging on the outskirts of our cities and in the open countryside and act against the ongoing suburbanization and its negative effects. The text of doctoral thesis is trying to find qualitative aspects of greenery which supports the creation of living, attractive and sustainable public spaces. Comparison and evaluation of selected examples from abroad /Austria, Germany, Holland/ and also from the Czech Republic brings us the definition of the necessary and optimum qualitative properties of greenery in public, but also semi-public spaces of residential complexes. These examples of good practice may be used - as a whole or in parts – as inspiration for the development of residential projects in the Czech Republic, either in preferred brownfields areas or in carefully selected areas of new development. The final chapter emphasizes the inseparability of the creation of public spaces and greenery in residential areas from the sustainable development of the area in terms of a penetrable and compact city.

Urban interior environment mostly serves as a place for various meetings and social events. Thus, these spaces come alive thanks to people, who give them reason and meaning. However, the question is what role urban interior has in the present day, which, at the beginning of the new millennium, is characterized by a high degree of individualism. Within the deurbanization tendencies, buildings and adjoining areas in central parts of cities are often abandoned and the activities move to the periphery. If we want to return the social function to the urban interior, as a place of pleasant encounters and relationships, we need to approach its formation with respect to current trends in the development of human society. From the perspective of sustainable development, it is also necessary not to extend the boundaries of urbanized area to adjacent landscape, while abandoning the central locations in cities, but to maintain their intensive character. From this point of view, it is necessary to realize, that it is the greenery that gives the city an opportunity to perceive public spaces as an integral part of urban life and not just as places that people walk through having no reason to stay longer than necessary. Application of greenery in urban interior provides many positive features to the city. Greenery is an added value that can also operate independently as a functional unit that links the other functions of the urban organism. Both in its solitary form and in line or area applications. Along with water elements, urban furniture, various hard surfaces and landscaping, greenery creates a pleasant and interesting living environment in the city that can be desirable and sought-after again.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guadalupe Maria Jungers Abib de Almeida.pdf: 2532093 bytes, checksum: 07ffe0330ff40ca62d9318dbd86fad3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-27 / The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and the Statute of the City have improved the development and urban expansion policies establishment, but only the issue of the Federal Law No. 12.608, of April 10, 2012, introduced standards directly related to the process of urban expansion and the role of municipalities in the respective legal regulation. The current legal landscape has important consequences in the Brazilian municipalities located in the coastal zone. In the last decades these regions, especially the northern coast of São Paulo State, have subjected to land use conflicts and economic pressures that led to a chaotic urbanization. Indeed, the region still facing geographical, environmental and legal barriers when considering the processes of urban expansion planning, as it comprises areas especially protected by federal and state legislation (the Brazilian National System of Conservation Units, State Park Serra do Mar and the Atlantic Forest Law), as well as it undergoes the Coastal Ecological Economic Zoning, established by the Union and by Member State. The present work was conduced by employing an integrated approach which considers the legal standards related to coastal zone, derived from the legislative powers exerted by the different instances and their reflexes in the municipalities competences for the regulation of legal policy towards urban expansion, also linked with data and correlated aspects of the North Coast of São Paulo State. By adopting the referred method, we approached the following aspects: a) From the analysis of the possible conflicts arising from the application of regulatory rules issued by the Union and the Member State, overlapping or opposing the municipal master plan, we proposed some measures to ensure legal federal cooperation and minimize these potential incompatibilities; b) by analyzing the standards and guidelines of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and of the City Statute, in particular the legal rules introduced by Federal Law No. 12.608/2012, we exposed the minimum content required by municipal urban expansion policies, as well as outlined the role of the master plan and traced the outlines of the legislative competence for the municipalities / A Constituição Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Cidade avançaram na disciplina da política de desenvolvimento e expansão urbana, mas apenas com a edição da recente Lei Federal nº 12.608, de 10 de abril de 2012, foram introduzidas normas diretamente associadas ao processo de expansão urbana e ao papel dos Municípios na respectiva regulação jurídica. Este atual panorama jurídico tem reflexos importantes nos Municípios abrangidos pela zona costeira brasileira. Nas últimas décadas estes territórios, especialmente o Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo, têm sido submetidos a conflitos de uso e a pressões econômicas que geraram uma urbanização desordenada. A análise da realidade aponta que esta região encontra entraves de natureza geográfica, ambiental e jurídica para a delimitação de áreas de expansão urbana, pois nela se localizam espaços territoriais especialmente protegidos pela legislação federal e estadual (Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar e Lei da Mata Atlântica) e, ainda, submete-se ao Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico Costeiro estabelecido pela União e pelo Estado-Membro. A análise empreendida propõe a abordagem integrada das normas jurídicas de ordenamento territorial incidentes na zona costeira, advindas das competências legislativas exercidas pelos três entes federativos e seus reflexos na competência dos Municípios para a regulação jurídica da política de expansão urbana, sempre relacionando os aspectos e dados da realidade do Litoral Norte paulista. Adotado o método analítico e propositivo, enfrentamos as seguintes questões: a) A partir da análise dos possíveis conflitos normativos decorrentes da aplicação das normas editadas pela União e Estado-Membro, sobrepostas ou contrapostas ao plano diretor municipal, propusemos alguns caminhos que assegurem a cooperação federativa e minimizem estes potenciais desajustes; b) E partindo da análise da Constituição Federal de 1988 e das normas e diretrizes do Estatuto da Cidade, em especial as regras legais introduzidas pela Lei Federal nº 12.608/2012, expusemos os conteúdos mínimos necessários para a disciplina da política municipal de expansão urbana, delineamos o papel do plano diretor e traçamos os contornos da Competência legislativa dos Municípios