The completeness and correctness of requirement modeling is the crucial factor that affecting the success of the system development. Use case diagram is the standard tool for modeling the use requirement for the objected-oriented systems analysis and design. However, to model the sequence diagram in the platform independent model (PIM) stage is still not a straightforward task to identify objects, operations and their relationships from the use case diagram. Robustness analysis has been proposed to bridge this gap between the user requirement modeling and the PIM modeling. However, the detailed guideline for the robustness analysis is lacking, while it is important for designer to enhance the completeness and correctness of the user requirement modeling. To alleviate the forgoing problem, we proposed that use case diagram, activity diagram and robustness diagram are used to represent the use requirement. Once a use case diagram is constructed, the activity diagram is used to describe the activity flow and the associated input/output of each use case. Finally, the robustness analysis with the guideline proposed is used to help the identification of boundary, control, and entity objects and enhance the completeness of the user requirement. The outcome can then be used to construct a sequence diagram in the PIM. A real-world case is presented to illustrate the feasibility of using the proposed method. With this methodology, the system developer can enhance the completeness and correctness of user requirement efficiently and thereby reduce the risk of success development failure.

Abstract The era of mobile communications and mobile services has begun. The ongoing mobile revolution has dramatically and fundamentally changed our daily lifestyles, and it will continue to do so in a foreseeable future. For the next generation, mobile service end users have more demands for such services. This thesis examines the challenging user perspectives in designing and developing high value added mobile services. The aim of this research is to develop reference models and elicit user requirements for 3G and beyond mobile services in order to improve the quality of mobile services. This thesis first examines the existing architectures and models for high value added mobile services, followed by the contributions of the thesis. In this thesis, a Cyberworld model, which is a contribution to the WWRF reference modeling initiative and a specification of the WSI reference model, was developed and it serves as a basis for 3G and beyond mobile services design and development. A series of definitions of the Cyberworld model and a roadmap of the enabling technologies were also built up. The emphasis of this part is on how to describe and model user participation in mobile services. For this purpose, a model of the communication element to represent the components of the wireless world was created. Both static and dynamic reference modeling steps were established to better describe and understand user participation in mobile services. The validation was achieved through the CyPhone navigation mobile service. In order to enhance mobile service mobility, personalisation, and security, an ontology based model was developed to extend the Cyberworld model functionalities. The innovative ontology based mobile system will greatly increase service mobility, personalisation and security, thus improving the quality of mobile services. The ontology based model was illustrated and validated using a healthcare mobile service. A Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach was adopted in this research in order to elicit, weigh and prioritise actual user requirements and link them to technical design requirements of mobile services. Traditionally QFD is employed in manufacturing industry. This approach is now extended to the mobile service industry for the first time. In this thesis, a detailed step by step QFD approach was proposed for designing high value added mobile services. As a result, the developed mobile services will better meet users' wants and needs which also means that the quality of mobile services will be significantly improved. The QFD approach was validated through a mobile e-learning service and another dedicated healthcare service for senior citizens. Through development of reference models and examination of user requirements for 3G and beyond mobile services from user perspectives, this thesis contributes to the design and development of high value added mobile services.

Despite the fact that Sustainable Development (SD) has been growing since the 1980s, methods and models that assist in carrying out sustainable strategies are still uncommon. IT managers at AstraZeneca (AZ) struggle to come up with the most sustainable decision in IT because there are no methods/models that facilitate such a decision-making process at AZ. This thesis aims at evaluating newly suggested sustainability additions to the Adaptive Delivery Framework (ADF) by comparing them to the Green Design (GD) (a model for sustainable decision-making of capital investment projects at AZ) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The evaluation was done using quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative method utilized a method from previous research that employs pair-wise comparisons and matrix multiplication, and the qualitative method was in the form of one-on-one semi-structured interviews with AstraZeneca employees. The results showed that the new ADF performed sufficiently well against the already established GD and the literature’s state-of-the-art AHP. The new additions to ADF are capable of dealing with the sustainability problems of IT. Furthermore, the results from the quantitative and the qualitative methods suggested that the additions could improve in three key areas, namely the interdisciplinary approach, long-term perspective, and participation. First, the interdisciplinary approach could be improved by including the indirect and transformational effects of IT. Second, the long-term perspective could be improved by incorporating some long-term assessments, such as the expected number of uses, expected data access proportion, and the expected lifetime. Third, the participation could be improved by including a facilitator during the URS meetings. / Trots att hållbar utveckling SD har vuxit sedan dess 1980-talet, metoder och modeller som hjälper till att genomföra hållbara strategier är fortfarande ovanliga. IT-chefer på AstraZeneca (AZ) kämpar för att komma upp med det mest hållbara beslutet inom IT eftersom det inte finns några metoder/modeller som underlättar en sådan beslutsprocess på AZ. Denna avhandling syftar till utvärderar nyligen föreslagna hållbarhetstillägg till Adaptive Delivery Framework (ADF) genom att jämföra dem med Green Design (GD) (en modell för hållbart beslutsfattande av kapitalinvesteringsprojekt på AZ) och den Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Utvärderingen gjordes med hjälp av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder. Den kvantitativa metoden använde en metod från tidigare forskning som använder parvisa jämförelser och matrismultiplikation, och den kvalitativa metoden var i form av en- semistrukturerade intervjuer med AstraZeneca anställda. Resultaten visade att den nya ADF:en fungerade tillräckligt bra mot den redan etablerade GD och litteraturens toppmoderna AHP. De nya tilläggen till ADF är kapabla att hantera hållbarhetsproblemen inom IT. Dessutom, resultaten från de kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoderna antydde det tilläggen skulle kunna förbättras inom tre nyckelområden, nämligen det tvärvetenskapliga förhållningssätt, långsiktighet och delaktighet. Först det tvärvetenskapliga tillvägagångssätt skulle kunna förbättras genom att inkludera indirekta och transformerande effekter av IT. För det andra skulle det långsiktiga perspektivet kunna förbättras genom att införliva vissa långsiktiga bedömningar, såsom det förväntade antalet användningar, förväntas dataåtkomstandel och förväntad livslängd. För det tredje, deltagandet skulle kunna förbättras genom att inkludera en facilitator under URS-mötena.

公共圖書館是文化與教育的機構，對教育改革而言，圖書館是提供資料與知識的資源站。教師和圖書館一樣，在教育的改革路上，影響力不容小覷。使用圖書館的習慣需從小培養，引領未來主人翁進入圖書館世界，為教師重要的責任，所以，教師本身是否了解圖書館，是否有善用圖書館習慣，則為重要的問題。 本研究之對象以宜蘭縣所有公立國民小學全體教師為調查對象，目的在調查國小教師對公共圖書館的使用需求及滿意情形，並探討其差異情形。再綜合教師對公共圖書館的意見提出建議，提供宜蘭縣公共圖書館擬定館藏及經營發展政策的基本方向，期望公共圖書館能提供更便利的服務來支援教學，讓教學和圖書館利用能更加緊密的結合。 本研究以問卷調查法為主輔以半結構式訪談進行研究，正式問卷統計分析後，整理欲深入探討之問題設計成訪談大綱，並進行半結構式訪談。研究結果摘要如下： 宜蘭縣國小教師在不同角色、任務、情境等會有不同的資訊需求，教師對於解決需求上，在增加新知的需求程度最高，資訊尋求的方式已經由網路取代由實體圖書館獲得所需要的資訊。 宜蘭縣國小教師在圖書館資料需求已圖書為主，最常使用的資料服務為借閱圖書資料；教師希望圖書館提供圖書館利用教育課程配合教學需要，認為圖書館應該主動提供資訊支援教學；在空間部分，教師最常利用的是閱覽空間，座位舒適度、空氣、光線品質為重視之項目；國小教師認為圖書館地點、圖書館人員態度、專業知能是影響使用公共圖書館意願之主要因素。 宜蘭縣國小教師對於宜蘭縣公共圖書館的公共圖書館整體滿意度還算尚可，將宜蘭縣國小教師對公共圖書館的意見與看法加以整理分析，教師對於館藏、管理、支援教學、位置與空間規劃以及閱讀推廣活動與人力資源方面期待很高，希望可以擁有一個完善的公共圖書館。 由研究結果歸納以下建議：建議地方行政機關增置公共圖書館專業人員及提撥固定經費，專款專用；輔導機關方面應該建立推廣公共圖書館與國小合作並辦理相關教育研習活動，培養專業人力；建議宜蘭縣公共圖書館加強宣導與服務並主動提供相關訊息、改善圖書館網站、統籌規劃圖書館利用教育、參與相關教育研習加強和學校合作、多舉辦推廣圖書館相關活動；建議各國小重視學校圖書館，加強其功能，鼓勵師生利用；建議國小教師培養利用公共圖書館之習慣、善用圖書館支援教學活動、培養圖書館利用教育知能、主動向公共圖書館提出建議。 / Public libraries are cultural and educational institutions and serve as the resource center for education reform. Teachers, together with libraries, exert indispensable influence on the process of education reform. The habit of using libraries should be created among children and it is the responsibility of the teachers to help children become familiar with the libraries. Therefore, how well the teachers understand the libraries and whether or not they have developed a habit of utilizing libraries are important issues. The participants of the study are all public elementary school teachers of Yilan County and the study aims to investigate the users’ needs and survey the user satisfaction of the elementary school teachers in their experience of using libraries. A suggestion synthesizing the study result is to propose to provide the public libraries a direction to establish their collection development policy and management policy. Thus, a goal of combining teaching and library utilizing can be achieved by the more convenient library service offered by the public libraries. The study conducts a questionnaire survey using method of semi-structured interviews. After analyzing the data collected by the questionnaire, semi-structured interviews were performed with an interview outline developed on the basis of issues to be probed into. The results of the study are summarized as follows: For the change of role, objective, and situation, elementary school teachers of Yilan County demand differently on the information provided by the libraries. The foremost need for the teachers in using libraries is acquiring the advanced knowledge, while the libraries’ function of data research has been replaced by the internet. The main need of elementary school teachers of Yilan County for library material is books, and the checkout service is the service used the most. Teachers wish that libraries can offer educational curse to work with regular teaching and actively offer information to support teaching. The space in libraries using most for teacher is the reading room; the evaluation standards includes the seat comfort, air quality, and the sufficient light. The teachers also consider that the location of libraries, attitude and the proficiency of the clerk are main factors influencing users’ willingness to use public libraries. The overall Satisfaction of elementary school teachers of Yilan County over public libraries of Yilan County is passable. Collecting and analyzing opinions and suggestions made by the teachers, they expect a complete and well functioned public library with sufficient collection, management, location, space planning, and human resource; and wish that libraries can support the teaching, and create reading habit among children. Further suggestions are made based on the result of the study as follows: local government should expand the professional staff and allocate funds earmarked for the development of the libraries only; guidance institution should develop and promote the collaboration between libraries and elementary schools, organizing the education and study activities and cultivating professional development; public libraries of Yilan County should make more introduction on the services and activities available in the libraries through improving the library website, mapping complete library utilizing educational course, participating in the education and study activities, strengthening the collaboration with the schools, and holding more activities aiming at promoting usage of libraries; elementary schools should place importance on their own libraries, enhancing the functions and encouraging the using among teachers and pupils; elementary school teachers should cultivate habit of using libraries, manage to utilize the resource in libraries to improve teaching, advance the library using skills, and should be willing to provide suggestion actively to the public libraries.

Organizations use Business Intelligence (BI) systems to monitor how well they are meeting their goals and objectives. Yet, very often BI systems do not include clear models of the organization’s goals or of how to measure whether they are satisfied or not. Several researchers now attempt to integrate goal models into BI systems, but there are still major challenges related to how to get access to the BI data to populate the part of the goal model (often indicators) used to assess goal satisfaction. This thesis explores a new approach to integrate BI systems with goal models. In particular, it explores the integration of IBM Cognos Business Intelligence, a leading BI tool, with an Eclipse-based goal modeling tool named jUCMNav. jUCMNav is an open source graphical editor for the User Requirements Notation (URN), which includes the Use Case Map notation for scenarios and processes and the Goal-oriented Requirement Language for business objectives. URN was recently extended with the concept of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to enable performance assessment and monitoring of business processes. In jUCMNav, KPIs are currently calculated or modified manually. The new integration proposed in this thesis maps these KPIs to report elements that are generated automatically by Cognos based on the model defined in jUCMNav at runtime, with minimum effort. We are using IBM Cognos Mashup Service, which includes web services that enable the retrieval of report elements at the most granular level. This transformation provides managers and analysts with useful goal-oriented and process-oriented monitoring views fed by just-in-time BI information. This new solution also automates retrieving data from Cognos servers, which helps reducing the high costs usually caused by the amount of manual work required otherwise. The novel approach presented in this thesis avoids manual report generation and minimizes any contract with respect to the location of manually created reports, hence leading to better usability and performance. The approach and its tool support are illustrated with an ongoing example, validated with a case study, and verified through testing.

Organizations use Business Intelligence (BI) systems to monitor how well they are meeting their goals and objectives. Yet, very often BI systems do not include clear models of the organization’s goals or of how to measure whether they are satisfied or not. Several researchers now attempt to integrate goal models into BI systems, but there are still major challenges related to how to get access to the BI data to populate the part of the goal model (often indicators) used to assess goal satisfaction. This thesis explores a new approach to integrate BI systems with goal models. In particular, it explores the integration of IBM Cognos Business Intelligence, a leading BI tool, with an Eclipse-based goal modeling tool named jUCMNav. jUCMNav is an open source graphical editor for the User Requirements Notation (URN), which includes the Use Case Map notation for scenarios and processes and the Goal-oriented Requirement Language for business objectives. URN was recently extended with the concept of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to enable performance assessment and monitoring of business processes. In jUCMNav, KPIs are currently calculated or modified manually. The new integration proposed in this thesis maps these KPIs to report elements that are generated automatically by Cognos based on the model defined in jUCMNav at runtime, with minimum effort. We are using IBM Cognos Mashup Service, which includes web services that enable the retrieval of report elements at the most granular level. This transformation provides managers and analysts with useful goal-oriented and process-oriented monitoring views fed by just-in-time BI information. This new solution also automates retrieving data from Cognos servers, which helps reducing the high costs usually caused by the amount of manual work required otherwise. The novel approach presented in this thesis avoids manual report generation and minimizes any contract with respect to the location of manually created reports, hence leading to better usability and performance. The approach and its tool support are illustrated with an ongoing example, validated with a case study, and verified through testing.

Organizations use Business Intelligence (BI) systems to monitor how well they are meeting their goals and objectives. Yet, very often BI systems do not include clear models of the organization’s goals or of how to measure whether they are satisfied or not. Several researchers now attempt to integrate goal models into BI systems, but there are still major challenges related to how to get access to the BI data to populate the part of the goal model (often indicators) used to assess goal satisfaction. This thesis explores a new approach to integrate BI systems with goal models. In particular, it explores the integration of IBM Cognos Business Intelligence, a leading BI tool, with an Eclipse-based goal modeling tool named jUCMNav. jUCMNav is an open source graphical editor for the User Requirements Notation (URN), which includes the Use Case Map notation for scenarios and processes and the Goal-oriented Requirement Language for business objectives. URN was recently extended with the concept of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to enable performance assessment and monitoring of business processes. In jUCMNav, KPIs are currently calculated or modified manually. The new integration proposed in this thesis maps these KPIs to report elements that are generated automatically by Cognos based on the model defined in jUCMNav at runtime, with minimum effort. We are using IBM Cognos Mashup Service, which includes web services that enable the retrieval of report elements at the most granular level. This transformation provides managers and analysts with useful goal-oriented and process-oriented monitoring views fed by just-in-time BI information. This new solution also automates retrieving data from Cognos servers, which helps reducing the high costs usually caused by the amount of manual work required otherwise. The novel approach presented in this thesis avoids manual report generation and minimizes any contract with respect to the location of manually created reports, hence leading to better usability and performance. The approach and its tool support are illustrated with an ongoing example, validated with a case study, and verified through testing.