The company Olofsfors AB manufactures drive belts for forest machinery, known as ECO-Tracks, and abrasion-resistant steel and cutting edges for graders, excavators and tractors, known as Bruxite and SharqEdges. Manufacturing these products requires the steel to be heated and molded, then submerged in water and hardened. The water used in the hardening of steel is pumped to the process from pits below the floor and then pumped back to the pit after it’s been used. Since the temperature of this water rises after being used to harden the steel the temperature of the pumping pit needs to be adjusted to maintain its setpoint of 21°C. This is done by disposal of hot water from the pit to the river outside while new, cold water, from the river is pumped into the pit. The hot water that is being disposed of contains energy that has not at all been utilized, this has led to the purpose of this report which is to examine the possibility to utilize parts of the energy in the water.   Two possible outlets for the energy at the plant has been selected as especially interesting: • Heating of ventilation supply air in two units with low thermal efficiency and relatively high airflows where the supply air temperature is to be increased from 9 °C to 15 °C. • Fan heaters installed with electric batteries of approximately 200 kW capacity, which heats the premises and serves as an air barrier at the intake ports for metal.   Calculations of power available in one of the factory pump pits during the heating season from October to May and the power required for deposition areas were made. The result obtained is illustrated by means of duration charts from which required and available energy is deduced.   The result of this: Pump pit                             887 MWh / October to May Ventilation                          642 MWh / year Fan heaters                         515 MWh / year   A draft measure has been developed in which two heat pumps delivers hot water for heating of both the ventilation supply air and liquid batteries in air fan heaters. This measure proposal means a cost saving of approximately 390 000 SEK / year where pay-off time of the investment is approximately 5 years. / Olofsfors AB tillverkar bland annat drivband för skogsmaskiner, inom sitt område välkända som ECO-Tracks, samt slitstål och vägstål till bland annat väghyvlar, grävmaskiner och traktorer vilka går under varumärkena Bruxite och SharqEdges. Vid tillverkning av dessa metallprodukter behöver stålet först värmas och formas, för att sedan doppas i vatten och härdas. Vattnet som används vid härdning av stålet pumpas från pumpgropar under golvet, ut till processen för att sedan pumpas tillbaka till pumpgropen efter att ha använts. Eftersom vattnet efter användning i processen har värmts så behöver temperaturen i pumpgropen justeras för att hålla sitt börvärde på 21°C. Detta görs genom att varmt vatten pumpas ut ur pumpgropen samtidigt som kallt vatten från Leduån som rinner utanför fabriken pumpas in i gropen. Det varma vattnet som pumpas ut ur pumpgropen innehåller energi som inte tillvaratas, detta har gett upphov till syftet för detta arbete vilket är att se över möjligheten att tillvarata delar av energin i vattnet.   Två möjliga avsättningsområden för energi på fabriken har valts ut som extra intressanta: Eftervärme av ventilationens tilluft för två aggregat med låg temperaturverkningsgrad samt relativt höga flöden där tillufttemperaturen skall ökas från 9°C till 15°C. Fläktluftvärmare med en total installerad effekt på elbatterier om ca 200 kW som värmer lokaler samt fungerar som luftbarriär vid intagsportar för metall utifrån.   Beräkningar av tillgänglig effekt i en av fabrikens pumpgropar under uppvärmningssäsongen oktober till maj samt effektbehov för möjliga avsättningsområden har genomförts. Resultatet av beräkningarna har åskådliggjorts med hjälp av varaktighetsdiagram. Från varaktighetsdiagrammen kan sedan energibehov och tillgänglig energi utläsas.   Resultatet av detta: Pumpgrop                           887 MWh/oktober-maj Ventilation                          642 MWh/år Fläktluftvärmare                 515 MWh/år   Ett åtgärdsförslag har tagits fram där två värmepumpar levererar varmt vatten för värme av både ventilationens tilluft och vätskebatterier i fläktluftvärmarna. Detta åtgärdsförslag innebär en kostnadsbesparing på ca 390 000 kr/år där pay-off tiden för investeringen är ca 5 år.

<p>This diploma work on D-level is made in cooperation with Varnäsföretagen AB in Eskilstuna. The company performs contract manufactured aluminium goods. This work is a continuation on earlier diploma work in Varnäsföretagen AB. Even if the industry process consumes much energy for melting the aluminium goods, they consume a great amount of oil to warm up the building. The purpose of this work is to examine some places in the building and the process to see how much energy it is possible to recycles to the heating system and reduce the costs for heating. The places have all a big heat excess and recycling will get more acceptable thermal comfort for the staff. </p><p>Studies of efficiency, the variation in power and temperatures is made to see how much energy it is possible to recycle. Many systems could with small measures be more efficient.</p><p>A general problem for many places is that the energy is in the indoor air and has low temperature. It means that most of the energy is difficult to use in other places than for preheating of the intake air in the air handling units.</p>

This diploma work on D-level is made in cooperation with Varnäsföretagen AB in Eskilstuna. The company performs contract manufactured aluminium goods. This work is a continuation on earlier diploma work in Varnäsföretagen AB. Even if the industry process consumes much energy for melting the aluminium goods, they consume a great amount of oil to warm up the building. The purpose of this work is to examine some places in the building and the process to see how much energy it is possible to recycles to the heating system and reduce the costs for heating. The places have all a big heat excess and recycling will get more acceptable thermal comfort for the staff.  Studies of efficiency, the variation in power and temperatures is made to see how much energy it is possible to recycle. Many systems could with small measures be more efficient. A general problem for many places is that the energy is in the indoor air and has low temperature. It means that most of the energy is difficult to use in other places than for preheating of the intake air in the air handling units.

The current boilers at the Brunna plant were installed in 1979 using oil and solvents to produce steam for the production and heating of the plant. To reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in compliance with Fresenius Kabi strategy a new biofuel boiler is about to be installed. Since the steam demand has been reduced during the years and it’s expensive to install a new boiler this study has been performed to calculate the actual steam demand for the plant at different scenarios. A smaller boiler requires a lower investment, achieves higher efficency and contributes to reduced carbon dioxide emissions. This report is intended to supply the management with information so that a decision regarding investments and employees can be made. The result is presented as different possible scenarios that are of great importance when deciding which boiler effect that is needed. Destillation, heating and the production have a major impact and must be considered when installing a new boiler. The results show that a boiler should be between 2-4 MW net effect depending on which scenario that is most likely to occur.

<p>In June 2006 the Swedish government decided that the use of energy in buildings should be reduced by 20 percent until 2020, compared to the level of energy used in 1995. To contribute to this goal, the real estate company “Eskilstuna Kommunfastigheter AB”, set up own goals for their buildings. In 2009, the goal for schools was to have a maximum energy use of 118 kWh/m²year for heating and hot water.</p><p>The school “Hållsta skola”, just south of Eskilstuna, exceeds the limit since it used 270 kWh in 2008. The school is heated by oil burners, which is not desirable since oil is a fossil fuel. The aim of this study was to identify cost effective measures for decreased energy use for heating and hot water in the school, and to find alternatives to the oil burners.</p><p>The school was built between 1963 and 1975 and consists of two buildings. The insulation in the roof, walls, windows and floor is poor and the ventilation is mainly performed without heat recovery. Measures including insulation of the roof, new windows, heat recovery in the ventilation system and more effective water taps were studied with Life Cycle Cost analysis (LCC) and Pay-off analysis. The energy use with and without the new performance was calculated with the building simulation program VIP+. If all of the economically favorable measures are carried out the total energy use would decrease to 167 kWh/m²year.</p><p>One of the alternatives to oil burners that were suggested is heat pumps. The two types of heat pumps studied, ground source or air source, were both found to be profitable, although the ground source heat pump would be slightly more profitable. In the calculations it was considered that an electric boiler would back up the heat pumps during cold days. With heat pumps, the energy bought for heating and hot water would be about 55 kWh/m²year, which is well below the goal of maximum 118 kWh/m²year.</p>

In June 2006 the Swedish government decided that the use of energy in buildings should be reduced by 20 percent until 2020, compared to the level of energy used in 1995. To contribute to this goal, the real estate company “Eskilstuna Kommunfastigheter AB”, set up own goals for their buildings. In 2009, the goal for schools was to have a maximum energy use of 118 kWh/m2year for heating and hot water. The school “Hållsta skola”, just south of Eskilstuna, exceeds the limit since it used 270 kWh in 2008. The school is heated by oil burners, which is not desirable since oil is a fossil fuel. The aim of this study was to identify cost effective measures for decreased energy use for heating and hot water in the school, and to find alternatives to the oil burners. The school was built between 1963 and 1975 and consists of two buildings. The insulation in the roof, walls, windows and floor is poor and the ventilation is mainly performed without heat recovery. Measures including insulation of the roof, new windows, heat recovery in the ventilation system and more effective water taps were studied with Life Cycle Cost analysis (LCC) and Pay-off analysis. The energy use with and without the new performance was calculated with the building simulation program VIP+. If all of the economically favorable measures are carried out the total energy use would decrease to 167 kWh/m2year. One of the alternatives to oil burners that were suggested is heat pumps. The two types of heat pumps studied, ground source or air source, were both found to be profitable, although the ground source heat pump would be slightly more profitable. In the calculations it was considered that an electric boiler would back up the heat pumps during cold days. With heat pumps, the energy bought for heating and hot water would be about 55 kWh/m2year, which is well below the goal of maximum 118 kWh/m2year.

The current boilers at the Brunna plant were installed in 1979 using oil and solvents to produce steam for the production and heating of the plant. To reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in compliance with Fresenius Kabi strategy a new biofuel boiler is about to be installed. Since the steam demand has been reduced during the years and it’s expensive to install a new boiler this study has been performed to calculate the actual steam demand for the plant at different scenarios. A smaller boiler requires a lower investment, achieves higher efficency and contributes to reduced carbon dioxide emissions. This report is intended to supply the management with information so that a decision regarding investments and employees can be made. The result is presented as different possible scenarios that are of great importance when deciding which boiler effect that is needed. Destillation, heating and the production have a major impact and must be considered when installing a new boiler. The results show that a boiler should be between 2-4 MW net effect depending on which scenario that is most likely to occur.

I samband med att elkonsumtionen ökar och att allt mer elkrävande utrustning installeras är det intressant att studera vilken metod som bäst lämpar sig för att kyla bort oönskad värme och ifall den värmen kan nyttjas där den är önskad. Målet med denna rapport är att ekonomiskt jämföra två olika lösningar för att kyla två serverhallar som står intill varandra. Ena lösningen är att ersätta kylmaskinerna med värmepumpar med kompletterande borrhål, där det är tänkt att köldmediumet passerar värmepumparna om det finns ett värmebehov. Den andra lösningen är att byta ut befintliga kylmaskiner mot modernare utrustning. Syftet med rapportens resultat är att det ska ligga som grund för ett investeringsbeslut av fastighetsägaren. Aktörerna i serverhallarna utvecklar en sammanlagd effekt om 104kW. Serverhallarnas sammanlagda area på ca 100m2 utgör bara en liten del av den 9877m2 stora fastigheten som är de lokaliserade i, övriga fastigheten fungerar som gymnasieskola. Arbetet har genomförts med hjälp av platsbesök, litteraturstudie, kartläggning av energiförbrukning, framtagning av varaktighetsdiagram och energibehovsberäkningar. Fastigheten har ett maxeffektbehov på 350kW och förbrukar 956000kWh, serverhallen kyls idag med tre kylmaskiner av äldre modell. Värmen som utvecklas i serverhallen används som primärvärme för att värma skolan men fastighetsägaren anser att det inte är så effektivt som det skulle kunna vara, samt att systemet klarar inte av att leverera en tillräckligt varm framledningstemperatur. En lösning med värmepumpar som skulle stå för 75% av effektbehovet tillför då 262,5kW och 717000kWh som innebär en energitäckningsgrad på 94% vilket medför att fjärrvärmeeffekten minskar från 220kW till 87,5kW. En kylmaskinslösning med tänkt kylmaskin klarar av att täcka 67% av effektbehovet och 86% av energibehovet. Fjärrvärmen skulle med kylmaskinslösningen minska från 220kW till 130kW. Investeringskostnaden för värmepumpslösningen med frikyla beräknas till 2090000kr och för kylmaskinen 750000kr. Nettobesparingen för 10 år blir för värmepumpar med frikyla 2930000kr medan kylmaskinerna är dyrare i drift än befintlig kylmetod. Nuvärdet efter 10 år blir för värmepumparna 1220000kr / As electricity consumption increases and more demanding equipment is installed, it is interesting to study which method is best suited for cooling off unwanted heat and if that heat can be used where it is desired. The aim of this report is to compare two solutions economically to cool two server halls adjacent to each other. The purpose of the report is that it should be the basis for an investment decision by the property owner. The operators in the server halls develop a total power of 104kW. The total area of the two halls of about 100m2 constitutes to only a small part of the 9877m2 large property in which they are located. The remaining part of the property serves as an upper secondary school. The work has been carried out by means of site visits, literature studies, energy consumption mapping, production of a duration chart and energy demand calculations. The property has a maximum power requirement of 350kW and consumes 956000kWh. The cooling is today supplied by three older cooling units. The heat developed in the server hall is used as primary heat for the school, but the property owner believes it is not as effective as it could be and that the system is unable to deliver sufficiently hot flow temperature. A heat pump solution would account for 75% of the power requirement would supply 262.5kW and 717000kWh, which means an energy coverage of 94%, which reduces the district heating power from 220kW to 87.5kW. A cooling machine solution with the specified cooling unit is capable of covering 67% of the power requirement and 86% of the energy demand. The district heating would decrease with 90kW from present values. The investment cost of the heat pump solution with boreholes is estimated at 2090000kr and for the cooling unit 750000kr. The net savings for 10 years will then be 2930000kr for the heat pumps while the cooling machine solution would be more expensive in operation than the existing solution. The net present value for the heat pumps after 10 years will amount to 1220000kr.