Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-06T21:17:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaNascimentoDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2260102 bytes, checksum: ca6ecb3068e94519806f21f62cc4d858 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-08T21:45:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaNascimentoDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2260102 bytes, checksum: ca6ecb3068e94519806f21f62cc4d858 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T21:45:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaNascimentoDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2260102 bytes, checksum: ca6ecb3068e94519806f21f62cc4d858 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A distribui??o espa?o-temporal das popula??es reflete o ajuste de suas caracter?sticas biol?gicas ?s condi??es ambientais e intera??es bi?ticas, conforme elementos precursores adaptativos e filogen?ticos. A heterogeneidade de habitat e o clima estacional tendem a causar padr?es de atividade dos organismos e de diversidade de esp?cies. Por?m, esses padr?es sazonais e espaciais em comunidades de borboletas em ambientes secos ainda n?o s?o claros. Estudamos uma comunidade de borboletas frug?voras na ESEC Serid?, no nordeste do Brasil, com o intuito de caracterizar a guilda no semi?rido e verificar a contribui??o relativa de vari?veis clim?ticas e vegetacionais sobre a sua composi??o, diversidade e fenofaun?stica. As borboletas foram amostradas mensalmente, durante um ano, e a distribui??o das esp?cies foi associada ?s caracter?sticas estruturais de tr?s fitofisionomias (ex. riqueza e abund?ncia de esp?cies arb?reo-arbustivas, cobertura de dossel, cobertura de herb?ceas, serapilheira) e a dados climatol?gicos (temperatura, pluviosidade e umidade). Foram capturados 9580 indiv?duos de 16 esp?cies de borboletas, pertencentes a quatro subfam?lias (Biblidinae, Charaxinae, Nymphalinae e Satyrinae). A riqueza, abund?ncia e diversidade variaram em diferentes escalas, principalmente no tempo, sendo maiores na esta??o chuvosa, enquanto a ?-diversidade e turnover foram maiores na seca. A distribui??o das esp?cies seguiu principalmente as mudan?as de umidade, pluviosidade e fenologia vegetacional, n?o havendo limites definidos entre habitats. O per?odo de voo foi compartilhado dentro das subfam?lias, as quais devem ter resposta distinta aos est?mulos ambientais, como tamb?m responder ? fenologia de plantas hospedeiras e ter estrat?gias de reprodu??o distintas. Havendo inclusive, ind?cios de adapta??es fisiol?gicas e comportamentais como reprodu??o sazonal e estiva??o. Portanto, houve controle ambiental sobre a distribui??o e diversidade de esp?cies, com o papel chave da associa??o do clima e estrutura da vegeta??o na diferencia??o da comunidade em esta??es do ano, e da disponibilidade e qualidade de recursos sobre a varia??o de abund?ncia das esp?cies, em pequenas escalas. Tais resultados podem dar suporte ao biomonitoramento e conserva??o de ?reas preservadas, sobretudo em ambientes sob press?o antr?pica e de condi??es ambientais extremas como o semi?rido. / The spatial and temporal distribution of the population reflects the adjustment of their biological characteristics to environmental conditions and biotic interactions as adaptive and phylogenetic precursors elements. The habitat?s heterogeneity and alternating seasons tend to cause patterns of activity of organisms and species diversity. However, these seasonal and spatial patterns in butterfly communities in dry environments are not yet clear. We studied a community of frugivorous butterflies in ESEC Serid?, in northeastern Brazil, aiming to characterize the guild in semiarid and check the relative contribution of climate and vegetation variables on its composition, diversity and phenofaunistic. The butterflies were sampled monthly during one year, and the distribution of species was associated with structural characteristics of three vegetation types (eg. richness and abundance of tree and shrub species, canopy cover, herbaceous cover, litter) and climatological data (temperature, rainfall and humidity). We captured 9580 individuals of 16 species of butterflies belonging to four subfamilies (Biblidinae, Charaxinae, Nymphalinae and Satyrinae). The richness, abundance and diversity varied in different scales, especially in time, being higher in the rainy season, while the ?-diversity and turnover was higher in the dry. The distribution of species mainly followed the changes in humidity, rainfall and vegetation phenology, with no defined boundaries between habitats. The flight period was shared within subfamilies, which should have distinct response to environmental stimuli, as well as respond to the phenology of host plants and have different reproductive strategies. There is even evidence of physiological and behavioral adaptations as seasonal reproduction and aestivation. So there was environmental control over the distribution and diversity of species, with the key role climate Association and vegetation structure in the community of differentiation in the seasons, and the availability and quality of resources on the variation of species abundance in small scales. These results may support the biomonitoring and conservation preserved areas, particularly in environments under human pressure and extreme environmental conditions such as semi-arid.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-12T14:50:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JanioCarlosFernandesGuedes_DISSERT.pdf: 4148387 bytes, checksum: 9d18aacae04088b9f6e20ef25426e179 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-18T16:08:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JanioCarlosFernandesGuedes_DISSERT.pdf: 4148387 bytes, checksum: 9d18aacae04088b9f6e20ef25426e179 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T16:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JanioCarlosFernandesGuedes_DISSERT.pdf: 4148387 bytes, checksum: 9d18aacae04088b9f6e20ef25426e179 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O contexto atual da rela??o homem e natureza vem exigindo novas configura??es no tocante ao uso adequado dos recursos naturais, baseadas nas premissas do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel. Nesse sentido, se destacam as geotecnologias, caracterizadas como um suporte instrumental eficiente para caracteriza??o de diversos padr?es ambientais. Os levantamentos de cobertura da terra se constituem como um ex?mio exemplo a ser destacado, pois a partir de ?ndices de vegeta??o ? poss?vel distinguir diferentes classes de cobertura da terra. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa objetivou comparar ?ndices de vegeta??o NDVI e SAVI, quanto a classifica??o e espacializa??o da cobertura da terra no munic?pio de Martins/RN. Para tanto, foram selecionadas imagens do sat?lite Landsat 8 e mapa de uso e cobertura da terra elaborado pelo INPE. Essas imagens passaram por etapas de pr?-processamento, aplicando-se corre??es radiom?tricas e geom?tricas. Posteriormente aplicou-se os ?ndices NDVI e SAVI no software Erdas 9.2, com quantifica??o das classes de cobertura da terra e elabora??o dos layouts no software ArcGis 10.2. A partir destas imagens procedeu-se a pesquisa de campo, onde foram observados e coletados ?s coordenadas de 125 pontos de controle, obtendo-se as seguintes classes de cobertura da terra: Floresta estacional, Savana-Est?pica florestada, Savana-Est?pica arborizada, Agricultura permanente e Tempor?ria, Solo exposto, Zona urbana e Corpo d??gua. As informa??es subsidiar?o a elabora??o da matriz de confus?o, a qual objetivou a avalia??o da acur?cia dos mapas a partir do ?ndice de Exatid?o Global e o ?ndice Kappa para ambos os mapas (NDVI, SAVI, INPE). Diante da matriz de confus?o com um ?ndice Kappa de 66,96%, o ?ndice SAVI apresentou melhores resultados em compara??o com o NDVI para o mapeamento da cobertura da terra do munic?pio de Martins/RN. Na avalia??o da precis?o do mapeamento de cobertura da terra, a partir de uma matriz de confus?o, os ?ndices para avaliar a acur?cia da precis?o dos mapeamentos (?ndice de exatid?o global e Kappa) mostraram-se como ?timas op??es no que diz respeito ? an?lise da vericidade desses dados, obtendo assim melhores resultados para o ?ndice SAVI. Dessa forma, conclui-se que, o uso de imagens de sat?lite provenientes do sensoriamento remoto na aplica??o de ?ndices de vegeta??o, mostrou-se como ferramentas relevantes no estudo da cobertura da terra, juntamente com os ?ndices de Exatid?o Global e o ?ndice Kappa, que por sua vez, mostraram-se como alternativas relevantes no tocante a acur?cia dos mapas de cobertura da terra. / Studies related to sustainable development and proper planning of the use of natural resources is one of the challenges of today's society in the search for instrumental support for the characterization of environmental standards as, for example, the survey of land cover. With the advent of geotechnology, studies about the land cover in the semiarid region from vegetation indices are paramount in the study of natural resources, making it possible to distinguish different types of coverage and land use. Thus it is intended with this work compare the NDVI and SAVI, classification and land cover spatial distribution in Martins / RN. Therefore, satellite images were selected Landsat 8 and a map of land use and land cover developed by INPE. These images have gone through stages of preprocessing, where applied radiometric and geometric corrections, and then applied the NDVI and SAVI index in ERDAS software 9.2, with quantification of the land cover classes and preparation of layout in ArcGIS 10.2 software. In the field, they were observed and collected the coordinates of 125 control points, and then confusion matrix was designed to evaluate the accuracy of the maps from the Global Accuracy index and the Kappa index for both maps (NDVI, SAVI, INPE ). Initially, before the satellite images treatment were observadadas field eight land cover classes in the city of Mantins / RN, as follows: Seasonal Forest, Savannah-Est?pica forested, wooded Savannah-Est?pica, permanent and Agriculture Temporary Soil exposed , urban area and water body. Given the confusion matrix, prepared from 125 control points obtained in the field, with a Kappa index of 66.96%, the SAVI index showed better results compared with NDVI to map Martins municipal land cover / RN. In assessing the accuracy of the land cover mapping from an array of confusion, the indexes to evaluate the accuracy of accuracy of mappings (global and Kappa accuracy Index) showed to be great options with regard to the analysis of vericidade such data, thus obtaining better results for SAVI index. Thus, it is concluded that the use of satellite from remote sensing images in the application of vegetation indices, has proved to be relevant tools in the study of land cover, along with the Global accuracy rates and the Kappa index, which in turn, proved to be relevant alternatives regarding the accuracy of land cover maps.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T14:27:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HeloiseAndriellyNascimentoCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1809358 bytes, checksum: a0116fb35021db655e6b0670cf1dfe83 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-14T12:44:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HeloiseAndriellyNascimentoCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1809358 bytes, checksum: a0116fb35021db655e6b0670cf1dfe83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T12:44:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HeloiseAndriellyNascimentoCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1809358 bytes, checksum: a0116fb35021db655e6b0670cf1dfe83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / A delimita??o das Florestas Estacionais deve ser realizada incluindo v?rios aspectos, como solo, relevo e vegeta??o. No Nordeste brasileiro, a Floresta Estacional Decidual ocorre em zona de contato entre a Caatinga, o Cerrado e a Mata Atl?ntica, sendo faixas estreitas e transicionais. No RN ocorre uma versatilidade florestal entre esses ecossistemas. A varia??o de altitude ? um fator importante de mudan?as de padr?es vegetacionais, no entanto pouco estudada em florestas nacionais e locais. O estudo foi realizado em uma ?rea de floresta decidual no munic?pio de Maca?ba. Esta foi dividida em 4 cotas, com diferen?a de 19 m de altitude entre elas. Foram coletados dados flor?sticos e fitossociol?gicos. Foi inventariado um total de 449 indiv?duos distribu?dos em 69 esp?cies, 49 g?neros e 36 fam?lias, sendo a fam?lia mais representativa a Fabaceae com 11 esp?cies e 164 indiv?duos, seguidas por Myrtaceae (10 esp?cies e 98 indiv?duos) e Malpighiaceae (4 esp?cies e 10 indiv?duos). As esp?cies Chamaecrista ensiformis (Vell.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Guapira laxa (Netto) Furlan e Zanthoxylum syncarpum Tul. obtiveram os maiores ?ndices Fr: 50, 45 e 50 e VI: 25,11%; 17,09% e 19,58% respectivamente. Nenhuma esp?cie ocorreu ao longo de todo gradiente, havendo uma entrada e sa?da de t?xons constante. Os valores da DCA foram de -0,851 e - 6,8794; os ?ndices de J?, 0,8432, (C) 0,9533 E H?3,532; C2 apresentou os melhores valores para todos os ?ndices analisados, evidenciando um excelente estagio de conserva??o e fitofisionomia relacionada ? Mata Atl?ntica; C1 e C4, apesar da dist?ncia, apresentam fitofisionomia da Caatinga e do Cerrado, enquanto C3 apresenta t?xons de ampla distribui??o entre os biomas nacionais. Assim, observa-se uma significante dissimilaridade na estrutura vegetacional de modo suave e cont?nuo. / The delimitation of Deciduous Forests should be done including several aspects, such as soil, relief and vegetation. In the Brazilian Northeast, the Decidual Seasonal forest occurs in a contact zone between the Caatinga, the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest, being narrow and transitional bands. In the RN there is a forest versatility between these ecosystems. The altitude variation is an important factor of changes in vegetation patterns, however not deeply studied in national and local forests. The study was carried out in an area of deciduous forest in the county of Maca?ba, which was divided into 4 zones with a difference of 19 m of altitude between them, floristic and phytosociological data were collected. A total of 449 individuals distributed in 69 species, 49 genus and 36 families were inventoried. Fabaceae family was the most representative one with 11 species and 164 individuals, followed by Myrtaceae (10 species and 98 individuals) and Malpighiaceae (4 species and 10 indivisuals). Chamaecrista ensiformis (Vell.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Guapira laxa (Netto) Furlan e Zanthoxylum syncarpum Tul species obtained the higher indexes Fr: 50, 45 e 50 e VI: 25,11%; 17,09% e 19,58% , repectively. No species occurred along the entire gradient, with a constant input and output of taxa, DCA values was -0,851 e -6,8794, the indexes de of J?0,8432 , (C) 0,9533 E H?3,532; C2 presented the best values for all analyzed indexes evidencing an excellent stage of conservation and phytosanation related to the Atlantic Forest. Ci and C4 in spite of the distance they present Phytophysiognomy of Caatinga and Cerado; While C3 presents taxa of wide distribution among the national biomes. Thus a significant dissimilarity in the vegetative structure is observed in a smooth and continuous way.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:51:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 425499.pdf: 1339391 bytes, checksum: 53a9d3961a418fb135035cdccc7d9188 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / Araucaria angustifolia, conhecida como Pinheiro Brasileiro, ? uma esp?cie amea?ada de extin??o de grande import?ncia ecol?gica e econ?mica. Embora muitos esfor?os foram feitos para estabelecerem plantios comerciais desta esp?cie, ela apresenta crescimento lento e heterog?neo, com alta mortalidade. As plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) representam uma classe de bact?rias de solo n?o patog?nicas que promovem efeito ben?fico no crescimento do vegetal, destacando-se as actinobact?rias do g?nero Streptomyces. O trabalho avaliou o efeito de tr?s isolados aut?ctones de Streptomyces spp. (PM1, PM4 e PM9) no desenvolvimento e no metabolismo inicial de pl?ntulas de Araucaria angustifolia com 50 dias de idade. A atividade enzim?tica da fenilalanina am?nio-liase (FAL), polifenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX) e os n?veis de compostos fen?licos, flavon?ides e clorofila foram determinados em extratos de ra?zes e folhas das pl?ntulas. As an?lises foram realizadas em 1, 3 e 9 dias ap?s a inocula??o das ra?zes com as rizobact?rias. O comprimento e a massa fresca da parte a?rea e radicular assim como o volume e densidade das ra?zes foram avaliados ap?s 100 dias da inocula??o. Todos Streptomyces spp. apresentaram compet?ncia rizosf?rica e a capacidade de produzir ?cido indol-3-ac?tico (AIA). As atividades da PPO e POX exibiram regula??o tecido-temporal na presen?a dos isolados; entretanto n?o foram alterados no per?odo analisado os n?veis de fen?licos, flavon?ides e clorofila. A atividade da FAL foi reduzida somente 9 dias ap?s a inocula??o do isolado PM9. O volume, densidade e comprimento das ra?zes foram alterados nas pl?ntulas inoculadas com as rizobact?rias durante 100 dias. PM9 foi o isolado que promoveu as maiores altera??es no metabolismo vegetal, aumentando o incremento da parte a?rea.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EugenioMFM_cap1_ate_cap3.pdf: 4243028 bytes, checksum: 0824b5a3ad87d2c5552820ffd0431fe8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-18 / This study intends to establish a relation between environmental degradation, particularly the devastation of the green canopy, and public health. Utilizing a mapping of the trees included in the researched area, each individual tree was analyzed according to its age, taxonomic listing, architecture, shape and size (determined by aesthetic/convenience reasons or deformed by pruning). Initially investigated were the covert reasons lying underneath the constant aggression against trees (which many times seem to contain elements of hatred and contempt) within the urban environment. In addition to that, the aspects concerning environmental modifications and the consequent impact on public health were also assessed. Two main problems promptly emerged as a result of the removal of trees: a) without a canopy to protect the areas, they became subject to winds directly blown from SW Africa and impregnated with aerosol partic les, which are common causes for respiratory disorders and, b) direct UV solar radiation, which causes some types of skin cancers and eye disorders. To reach such results, we studied the origins and formation of UV radiation induced cancers and searched for the UV radiation spectra of action, e.g., usual intensity and quantity reaching clear and shadowed spaces in a certain area and its consequences. In a second instance, we also searched for pertinent data resources in order to confirm the increase of skin cancer cases due to exposure to UV radiation and the relation between the destruction of the green canopy and the above mentioned problems. We believe that a few significant results have been achieved by this study, namely: the relation between a culture based on medieval beliefs and its consequences on the environment; how this culture exploits and deforms nature in pursuit of financial and psychological interests to a point of transforming the landscape into a copy of something devoid of any relation to latitude and altitude; and above all, the indifference concerning the alarming results carried by these modifications / O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo, verificar o estado de conserva??o da coberta vegetal da cidade de Natal e sua rela??o com a qualidade de vida. No entanto, ao longo dessa ingl?ria trajet?ria de contar ?rvore a ?rvore em seus lugares e estado de conserva??o, nos deparamos com algo muito mais sinistro e preocupante do que somente a destrui??o do patrim?nio verde: a associa??o muito pr?xima entre o desaparecimento dessa coberta vegetal e o surgimento de aspecto degenerativos e m?rbidos da sa?de de humanos inseridos nessa paisagem, o que causou uma modifica??o na estrutura da pesquisa que terminou por estabelecer a rela??o entre modismos paisag?sticos, ignor?ncia e gan?ncia administrativas, suas mesquinhas causas e desastrosos efeitos, na sa?de p?blica. Para evitar que outros n?o tivessem as d?vidas que tivemos, adentramos os mist?rios da est?tica: dos cl?ssicos aos renovadores locais; do meio ambiente: do simples gr?o de areia ? forma??o da paisagem; das condicionantes ambientais: do sol ? radia??o ultravioleta; do c?ncer: do DNA ? Oncog?nese, e deste ? morbidade em Natal e no RN; terminado por esbo?ar um pequeno e pr?tico guia de sobreviv?ncia nessa que se proclama a cidade mais saud?vel do mundo, apesar dos ?ndices e evid?ncias contradit?rios

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T20:19:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SebastiaoCJ_DISSERT.pdf: 3305443 bytes, checksum: 12fd9401dd1cf23c4a8b8b849f63f5d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / The human interference in the semiarid region of Serid? Potiguar has promoted the increase of degraded areas. The economic dynamic that was established in the Serid? territory, especially after the fall of the trinomial cattle-cotton-mining in the 70s and 80s of the 20th century as pillars of the regional economy, resulted in an accelerated process of erosion of natural resources. The municipalities of the Serid? region have been spatially reordered by this new economic dynamic, marked by the growth of existing enterprises, and the development of new agricultural practices. One of the municipalities in the region that restructured its territorial space with the emergence of new agro-industrial activities was the town of Parelhas. With the demise of the trinomial cattle-cotton-mining in the 1980s, other productive activities were intensified from the 1990s, amongst them, pottery, responsible for the vegetal extraction for use as energy source. This recent economic and spatial restructuring in the region, reflected in the Parelhense municipal territory, required new productive ingredients responsible for the modification of past production relations that were based on cattle, cotton and mining. By that a process of exploring the environment was unleashed, especially the native vegetation, in an uncontrolled manner. In this context, the objective of this study was to survey and detect deforestation in the areas of Caatinga vegetation, used indiscriminately as energy supply for new agricultural practices, using remote sensing techniques based on the quantification of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index / NDVI, Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index / SAVI, surface temperature and rainfall data in the years 1990 and 2010. The results indicated that SAVI values above 0.2 in 1990 and 2010 represent the areas with the highest density of vegetation that occur exclusively along the major drainages in the town and areas of higher elevations. The areas between the ranges of values from 0.5 to 0.15 SAVI are areas with poor vegetation. On the other hand the highest values of temperature are distributed in the western and southeastern parts of the township, usually in places where the soil is exposed or there is sparse vegetation. The areas of bare soil decreased in extension in 2010 at 11, 6% when related to 1990, this was caused by a higher rainfall intensity in the first half of 2010, but no regeneration of vegetation occurred in some places in the western and southeastern areas of the municipality today, due to the extraction of firewood to fuel the furnaces of industries in town / A interfer?ncia antr?pica na regi?o Semi?rida do Serid? Potiguar vem desencadeando o aumento de ?reas degradadas. A din?mica econ?mica que se estabeleceu no territ?rio seridoense, sobretudo ap?s a queda do trin?mio gado, algod?o e minera??o nas d?cadas de 70 e nas d?cadas de 80 do s?culo XX, como pilares da economia da regi?o, implicaram num acelerado processo de desgaste dos recursos naturais. Os territ?rios municipais da regi?o do Serid? v?m sendo reordenado espacialmente por essa nova din?mica econ?mica, marcada pelo crescimento dos empreendimentos j? existentes, al?m do desenvolvimento de novas atividades agroindustriais. Um dos munic?pios do Serid? potiguar que teve seu espa?o territorial reestruturado com o surgimento de novas atividades agroindustriais foi o de Parelhas. Com a derrocada do trin?mio gado, algod?o e minera??o, na d?cada de 1980, outras atividades produtivas foram intensificadas a partir da d?cada de 1990, dentre elas a ceramista, respons?vel pela extra??o vegetal para utiliza??o como fonte energ?tica. Essa recente reestrutura??o espacial e econ?mica regional, refletida no territ?rio municipal parelhense, tem requerido novos ingredientes produtivos, respons?veis pela modifica??o das rela??es de produ??o pret?ritas que antes eram baseadas na pecu?ria, no algod?o e na minera??o. Com isso, desencadeou-se um processo de explora??o do meio ambiente, em especial da vegeta??o nativa, de forma descontrolada. Nesse contexto o objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer o levantamento e a detec??o do desmatamento das ?reas de vegeta??o de caatinga, usadas indiscriminadamente para o abastecimento energ?tico das novas atividades agroindustriais, utilizando t?cnicas de sensoriamento remoto a partir da quantifica??o do ?ndice de Vegeta??o Diferen?a Normalizada/NDVI, do ?ndice de Vegeta??o Ajustado ao Solo/SAVI, da temperatura da superf?cie e de dados pluviom?tricos nos anos de 1990 e 2010. Os resultados indicaram que os valores de SAVI acima de 0,2 em 1990 e 2010 representam as ?reas com maior densidade de vegeta??o que ocorrem, exclusivamente, ao longo das drenagens principais do munic?pio e nas ?reas de maiores eleva??es. As ?reas que est?o entre os intervalos de valores de SAVI de 0,5 at? 0,15 s?o ?reas com pouca cobertura vegetal. J? os valores mais altos de temperatura distribuem-se na ?rea oeste e sudeste do munic?pio, geralmente em locais onde o solo est? exposto ou possui vegeta??o pouco densa. As ?reas de solo exposto diminu?ram sua extens?o, em 2010, cerca de 11, 6% quando relacionada a 1990, isto foi ocasionado por uma intensidade pluviom?trica maior no primeiro semestre de 2010, por?m n?o houve regenera??o da vegeta??o em alguns locais nas ?reas Oeste e Sudeste do munic?pio nesta data, devido ? extra??o de lenha para abastecer os fornos das ind?strias do munic?pio

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-03-09T00:16:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Euclides_PPGM_2016.pdf: 8675089 bytes, checksum: 11d6d78776ee49a83a1ddb81459fe3f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-09T00:16:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Euclides_PPGM_2016.pdf: 8675089 bytes, checksum: 11d6d78776ee49a83a1ddb81459fe3f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / The expansion of the urban area in the city of Matola in Mozambique has been significant in recent decades and it has happened in an unstructured way. This occupation contributes to the destruction of both the ecological and environmental structure of the city. One of the strategies to minimize these effects is to consider the legislation, concerning the urban land use and the preservation / conservation of vegetation, as well as the preparation of the Environmental Zoning. The main objective was, to propose an Environmental Zoning based on the analysis of urban sprawl and its impact on the environment, the distribution of vegetation over a period of 17 years (1997-2014) and the legislation to contribute with elements that inform and enable the development of urban and environmental planning in the municipality of Matola. Three satellite images from TM / Landsat 5 and OLI / Landsat 8 orbital sensor, SRTM data, population data and digital database of the city/country were utilized as input data. It was employed visual interpretation, images segmentations digital classification and geoprocessing technics. Results, indicated that urban area increased about 180.964m2, corresponding to 254.91% between 1997 and 2014. The area of vegetation cover reduced to 118.74m2 (52.62%) in 17 years. The Vegetation Cover Index (VCI) for total mapped area, reduced from, 61.25% in 1997, to 39.65% in 2007 and 29.02% in 2014. However, the detailed study of the VCI to different neighborhoods of Matola, showed a very uneven spatial distribution. The Environmental Zoning proposed, was made by integrating several information?s plans (thematic maps) and features five zones, namely: (i) Total Conservation Zone; (ii) Sustainable Use Conservation Zone; (iii) Expansion Urban Zone; (iv) Environmental Control Zone and (v) Recovery Zone. Has also proposed the creation of three protected areas located in the Total Conservation Zone: (i) Integral Natural Reserve, (ii) Natural Monument and (iii) Permanent Protection Green Area. This research will be important to municipal management and will serve as a basis for preparing the next general and partial urbanization plans and Matola Master Plan 2019/2020, achieving the objectives of the Environmental Strategy for Sustainable Development of Mozambique (2007 - 2017) and the objectives of Agenda 2030 of the UN. / A expans?o da macha urbana no Munic?pio da Matola em Mo?ambique tem sido significante nas ?ltimas d?cadas e ? feita de forma n?o estruturada. Esta forma de ocupa??o do espa?o contribui para a destrui??o da sua estrutura ecol?gica e ambiental. Uma das estrat?gias para minimizar esses efeitos ? levar em considera??o a legisla??o, concernente ? ocupa??o do solo urbano e ? preserva??o/conserva??o da cobertura vegetal, assim como a elabora??o do Zoneamento Ambiental. A pesquisa tem como objetivo elaborar uma proposta de Zoneamento Ambiental a partir da an?lise da expans?o urbana, da distribui??o da cobertura vegetal em um per?odo de 17 anos (1997 - 2014) e da legisla??o, de forma a contribuir com elementos que informem ou possibilitem a elabora??o dos planejamentos urbano e ambiental do Munic?pio da Matola. Foram usadas tr?s imagens dos sensores orbitais TM/Landsat 5 e OLI/Landsat 8, dados SRTM, dados populacionais e a base de dados cartogr?fica digital do Munic?pio/Pa?s. Empregaram-se t?cnicas de interpreta??o visual, de segmenta??o, de classifica??o de imagens e de geoprocessamento. Dos resultados, a ?rea urbana aumentou cerca de 180,964m2, o que corresponde a 254,91% em rela??o ao ano de 1997. A ?rea da cobertura vegetal reduziu 118,74m2 (52,62%) em 17 anos. Verificou-se redu??o do ?ndice de Cobertura Vegetal (ICV) da totalidade na ?rea mapeada ao longo do tempo, sendo 61,25% em 1997, 39,65% em 2007 e 29,02% em 2014. No entanto, o estudo detalhado do ICV tendo como recorte espacial os bairros, mostrou distribui??o espacial bastante desigual. O Zoneamento Ambiental proposto, foi elaborado a partir da integra??o de diferentes planos de informa??o (mapas tem?ticos) e apresenta cinco zonas: (i) Zona de Conserva??o Total; (ii) Zona de Conserva??o de Uso Sustent?vel; (iii) Zona de Expans?o Urbana; (iv) Zona de Controle Ambiental e (v) Zona de Recupera??o. Foi tamb?m proposto a cria??o de tr?s Unidades de Conserva??o localizadas na Zona de Conserva??o Total: (i) Reserva Natural Integral, (ii) Monumento Natural e (iii) ?rea Verde de Prote??o Permanente. O trabalho ser? de grande valia para a gest?o municipal e servir? de base para, a elabora??o dos pr?ximos planos gerais e parciais de urbaniza??o e o Plano de Estrutura Urbana da Cidade da Matola de 2019/2020, alcan?ar os objetivos da Estrat?gia Ambiental para o Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel de Mo?ambique (2007 - 2017) e os objetivos da Agenda 2030 da ONU.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANA MULLER FREIRE 1.pdf: 749833 bytes, checksum: a742c73867fc6e2a5a39f7af7a54b15e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study aimed to evaluate the structure and floristics of shrubs and trees in areas of northern and southern slopes in the southern portion of the Maci?o da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. We tested the hypothesis that different component orientations may influence the structure and floristic changes. In a sample area of 9.700 m2, divided into ten areas, were surveyed 1508 individuals, distributed in 324 species, 154 genera and 52 families. The families richest in species were: Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The Diversity Index Shannon-Wiener (H ') was 5.093 nats / indiv., And the evenness (J) was 0.881. Horizontal structure in the species Joannesia princeps, Piptadenia gonoacantha e Pseudopiptadenia contorta, Meternichia princeps, Apuleia leiocarpa, Astrocaryum aculeatissimum, Chrysophyllum flexuosum reached the highest value of phytosociological importance. A phytosociological analysis of each individual area indicated significant floristic and structural variations, with a trend toward greater diversity is found in areas of higher altitude and farther from the urban perimeter. Of the 324 species found in the study, 124 were found exclusively on the north side, 100 on the southern slope and 100 occurred in both strands. The exclusive species and more frequent on the north side were Brosimum guianense e Annona cacans, Zollernia ilicifolia, Couratari pyramidata, Lecythis pisonis e Gallesia integrifolia. On the southern slope, the exclusive species that stood out were Cariniana estrellensis, Cabralea canjerana, Eugenia microcarpa. Cluster analysis among the ten areas indicated, in general, greater similarity due to the proximity between areas than for the orientation of the slope, however comparing the north and south closer together, it is observed that the highest diversity indices, most proportion of rare species and unique and the most advanced stages of succession were found on the southern slope. The cases where this did not happen were observed in areas closer to the urban boundaries that regardless of the slope were less floristic diversity. The diameter distribution model presented inverted J, with a diameter range quite variable between areas. No pattern was found between the diameter distribution and orientation of the slope. Comparing the flora of Pedra Branca with other forest areas in Rio de Janeiro, there was generally a low floristic similarity. The major floristic identity occurred with the work in-house Pedra Branca, Serra da Tiririca, and Tijuca Forest. Works out of the city showed floristic similarity below 25%. The high diversity of the studied area is a reflection of its high environmental heterogeneity, related to differences in altitude, slope orientation, successional stage and history of use, which puts the Pedra Branca as a strategic area for species conservation in Rio de Janeiro. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura e a flor?stica do estrato arbustivo e arb?reo em ?reas de encostas norte e sul, na por??o meridional do maci?o da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Foi testada a hip?tese que diferentes orienta??es de vertente podem influenciar a estrutura e a flor?stica da vegeta??o. Em uma ?rea amostral de 9.700 m2, distribu?das em dez ?reas, foram inventariados 1.508 indiv?duos, distribu?dos em 324 esp?cies, 154 g?neros e 52 fam?lias. As fam?lias mais ricas em esp?cies na foram: Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae e Euphorbiaceae. O ?ndice de Diversidade de Shannon- Wiener (H ) foi de 5,093 nats/indiv., e a equabilidade (J) foi de 0,881. Na estrutura horizontal as esp?cies Joannesia princeps, Piptadenia gonoacantha e Pseudopiptadenia contorta, Meternichia princeps, Apuleia leiocarpa, Astrocaryum aculeatissimum, Chrysophyllum flexuosum alcan?aram o maior valor de import?ncia fitossociol?gico. A an?lise fitossociol?gica de cada ?rea indicou importantes varia??es estruturais e flor?sticas, com tend?ncia ? maior diversidade ser encontrada nas ?reas de maior altitude e mais distantes do per?metro urbano. Das 324 esp?cies encontradas no trabalho, 124 ocorreram exclusivamente na vertente norte, 100 na vertente sul e 100 ocorreram em ambas as vertentes. As esp?cies exclusivas e mais freq?ente na vertente norte foram o Brosimum guianense e Annona cacans, Zollernia ilicifolia, Couratari pyramidata, Lecythis pisonis e Gallesia integrifolia. Na vertente sul, as esp?cies exclusivas que mais se destacaram foram Cariniana estrellensis, Cabralea canjerana, Eugenia microcarpa. A an?lise de agrupamento entre as dez ?reas indicou, em geral, maior semelhan?a em decorr?ncia da proximidade entre ?reas do que pela orienta??o da encosta, entretanto comparando as vertentes norte e sul mais pr?ximas, observase que os maiores ?ndices de diversidade, a maior propor??o de esp?cies raras e exclusivas e os est?gios de sucess?o mais avan?ados foram encontradas na vertente sul. Os casos em que isso n?o ocorreu foram observados nas ?reas mais pr?ximas ao per?metro urbano que, independente da vertente apresentaram menor diversidade flor?stica. A distribui??o diam?trica apresentou modelo do J invertido, sendo a amplitude diam?trica bastante vari?vel entre ?reas. N?o foi encontrado um padr?o entre distribui??o diam?trica e a orienta??o da encosta. Comparando a flor?stica do trecho estudado do Maci?o da Pedra Branca com outras ?reas florestais do Rio de Janeiro, observou-se uma baixa similaridade flor?stica. A maior identidade flor?stica ocorreu com trabalhos realizados na pr?pria Pedra Branca, na Serra da Tiririca, e na Floresta da Tijuca. Trabalhos fora do munic?pio apresentaram similaridade flor?stica inferior a 25%. A elevada diversidade da ?rea estudada ? reflexo da sua alta heterogeneidade ambiental, relacionada a diferen?as na altitude, orienta??o de encosta, est?gio sucessional e hist?rico de uso, o que coloca a Maci?o da Pedra Branca como ?rea estrat?gica para conserva??o de esp?cies do munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro.