My diploma thesis deals with social support of chosen roles which occur while bullying the role of a victim and a defender. The diploma paper is divided into two consecutive parts a theoretical and a practical one. In the beginning of the theoretical part I introduced the problems of bullying and identified the roles which can be present while bullying. I also focused on the characteristics of terms: social support, capturing its forms, the participants of bullying and last, but not least the differences in children´s age. The practical part contains mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research methods. There are two goals of the research, the first is to reveal the potential roles of participants of bullying in a class team, and the second one is to detect the level of social support provided by teachers and classmates to defenders and victims of bullying. The qualitative research works as a supplement, it is focused to opinions and attitudes of defenders and victims considering the behaviour while bullying.

The diploma thesis was focused on "Selected organizations helping victims of the crime and their activities and cooperation". On the basis, it includes introducing the reader to how the victim is perceived in the Czech Republic, and what disciplinary discipline deals with it. In the theoretical part, I describe what kind of victimization we have and what types of persons are becoming the target of the offender's attack. Another chapter describes how the state apparatus in the field of assistance and help works in practice and what rights victims have on the territory of the Czech Republic. In this section I described the activities of the Police of the Czech Republic and the Probation and Mediation services. Then I have listed individual non- profit organizations which are helping victims. Research was made in three organizations, which is described in more details in the practical part of my diploma thesis. At the end of the theoretical part, I outlined 3 projects that are helping victims and also helping the public to inform them about available help. In the practical part, I realized qualitative research in the form of a structured interview with open questions. I made the research in the White Circle of Safety, Probation and Mediation Service, and the Citizens' Advisory. Ten respondents were involved in...

The exploratory study investigated jewellery store robbery from a victim risk and intervention perspective. An explanation of the phenomenon was offered based on the information obtained from a review of the existing literature, case studies, personal observations at jewellery stores, discussions with jewellers, a scientific questionnaire submitted to jewellers, and semi-structured and structured interviews conducted with a group of knowledgeable respondents and victimised jewellers respectively. A predominantly quantitative research method was applied. The research findings obtained during the study enabled a proposal for a jewellery store robbery intervention model based on the situational crime prevention perspective, which is inclusive of decisional, environmental, situational, procedural, personnel and business-oriented strategies. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the existing procedures that investigators in South Africa follow in utilising the information contained in the victim statement in the investigation of rape, with the intention of determining the strengths and weaknesses of the procedures and of considering how these procedures can be improved. The researcher explored how investigators internationally use information contained in the victim statement in the successful investigation of rape and read extensively on the topic in international literature sources. The researcher also evaluated the current methods that investigators within the South African Police Service (SAPS) use. The researcher made use of an empirical research design because of the limited information available on the topic of the research, and a qualitative research approach, which enabled real-life observations. Simple random sampling was used to select 20 uniform members as well as 20 investigators of rape incidents for interviewing. Purposive sampling was used to select two public prosecutors attached to the Sexual Offences Court. Data were obtained from their real-life experiences through interviewing them and data were further collected through case studies of case dockets. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

A partir de entrevistas e observação participante de eventos, esta dissertação versa sobre a construção social da “vítima” e a articulação do sofrimento e dor como elementos de mobilização e luta política. O trabalho tem como universo empírico os movimentos e familiares de vítimas de violência politicamente organizados no Rio Grande do Sul e no Rio de Janeiro. Tais movimentos e familiares, reunidos pela dor, empreendem uma árdua luta na busca por “justiça”, que envolve heterogêneas configurações de elementos contingentes, tais como “violência”, “Estado”, “vida”, “humanidade” e “justiça”. É objetivo principal deste trabalho compreender, de uma maneira antropológica, (i) as formas de construção dessa gramática moral da figura da “vítima” como modo de ação política; (ii) os modos de efetivação das denúncias públicas cujos fundamentos se referem à dor e ao sofrimento causados pela violência e, por fim, (iii) os aspectos subjetivos – menos visíveis – das narrativas sobre violência e dor que conformam os testemunhos de familiares implicados em eventos considerados violentos. Foi possível perceber que vítima e algoz constroem-se em relação e que a denuncia pública da dor é feita através de uma linguagem relacional do sofrimento, explicitando uma tensão entre tal linguagem e a linguagem individualista do trauma. A dor é um elemento que ultrapassa a esfera da denúncia pública, abrangendo o cotidiano dos familiares de vítimas em suas estratégias de inserção política e de administração do sofrimento. / Bearing on interviews and participant observation of meetings, this work focuses on the social construction of the "victim" and the articulation of suffering and pain as components of political mobilization and struggle. This study takes as its corpus groups of politically organized relatives of victims of violence and related movements based in Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro. Brought together by their members’ similar experiences of suffering, such movements and groups of relatives undertake an arduous struggle in the course of their pursuit of "justice", which involves heterogeneous configurations of contingent elements, such as "violence", "State", "life", "humanity" and "justice." Our main purpose is to understand, from an anthropological perspective, (i) their ways of constructing this moral grammar of victimhood as a mode of political action; (ii) their ways of bring about public denunciations against the offenders by means of referring to their own pain and suffering caused by violence; and, finally, (iii) the subjective and less visible aspects of their narratives on violence and pain that are built into the testimonies of family members involved in events considered violent. We observed that both victim and perpetrator are relationally constituted as such and that the public denunciation of pain is produced through a relational language of suffering, thus highlighting a tension between that language and the individualistic language of trauma. Pain is an element that goes beyond the sphere of public denunciation, covering the everyday lives of victims’ family members both in their strategies of political membership-avowal and in their coping with suffering.

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD (Maxillo-Facial & Oral Surgery) / South African dentists have a legal and ethical obligation to maintain complete and comprehensive dental records. In addition to the legal and ethical requirements, dental records are also important in the case of medico-legal issues, quality assurance processes and forensic purposes. Valuable forensic evidence contained in dental records are used in the identification of victims of mass disasters, personal victim identification e.g. in severely decomposed or skeletonized remains where DNA or other biometric data are not available. The victim identification process is highly dependent on complete, legible and accurate dental records. A review of the literature however shows that dental record keeping practices are sub-optimal worldwide. There is a paucity of studies in South Africa regards to dental record keeping practices. The aim of this study was to assess the record keeping practices of a sample of private practicing dentists in Cape Town and surrounding towns, for forensic dental purposes. Knowledge and awareness regards to forensic odontology as well as adherence to the guidelines prescribed by the Health Professional Council of South Africa were also assessed. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, employing a researcher-administered questionnaire and a dental checklist for forensic valuable items in the dental file. The results were entered in a MS Excel spreadsheet and statistically analysed using IMB SPSS Statistics. This study concluded that most of the dental records kept by Cape Town dentists are near to optimal and would be helpful during forensic odontology investigations. However, shortcomings in record keeping practices exists which may compromise the forensic accuracy of their dental records. The study also shows a significant difference in dental record keeping practices by dentists practicing in lower income areas in Cape Town, compared to those practicing in economic affluent areas. The dentists in this study adhered to most of the guidelines prescribed by the Health Professional Council of South Africa however, important medico-legal information was missing from most dental records. This study hopes to contribute to future comprehensive studies in the broader South Africa to determine the validity of dental records for forensic odontology purposes.

Submitted by LARISSA ROSA null (larissa_51@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-21T23:46:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LARISSA ROSA.pdf: 1794125 bytes, checksum: 1156b9935d7babfe8728c5d51424e248 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-27T13:39:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_l_me_franca.pdf: 1794125 bytes, checksum: 1156b9935d7babfe8728c5d51424e248 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T13:39:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_l_me_franca.pdf: 1794125 bytes, checksum: 1156b9935d7babfe8728c5d51424e248 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-23 / O presente trabalho tem por objeto a análise do modelo consensual de justiça criminal como alternativa para o sistema penal retributivo-punitivo, enfatizando o importante papel que a vítima exerce na construção deste novo sistema de resolução de conflitos no âmbito criminal. Parte-se da vertente vitimológica de inclusão, que incentiva a valorização da vítima sem defender a exclusão ou redução dos direitos do acusado, e da realidade brasileira, considerando a adoção do sistema consensual na situação em que ele coexiste com o sistema criminal tradicional. Assim sendo, não se parte de uma proposta abolicionista. Pretende-se, sob uma perspectiva vitimológica, analisar qual é o papel da vítima para a elaboração de políticas criminais efetivas e para a legitimação da atuação estatal na esfera criminal e quais são os principais motivos para a crise do modelo de justiça retributivo-punitivo, partindo-se da ideia de que a vítima é importante instância de controle. Busca-se a análise dos princípios, fundamentos, valores e práticas propostos pelo modelo consensual de justiça criminal, especialmente aqueles referentes à justiça restaurativa, partindo-se da noção geral de que este modelo sustenta uma política criminal de valorização da vítima e do diálogo entre as partes. As principais críticas feitas à adoção do modelo de justiça restaurativa são estudadas, a fim de compreender a viabilidade da proposta consensual. Por fim, situa-se a realidade brasileira com relação à adoção de legislações e práticas consensuais, destacando-se o cenário após a Lei n. 9.099/95. Pondera-se sobre os pontos positivos e negativos da adoção de um modelo restaurativo, na intenção de se concluir pela sua aplicabilidade no Brasil, sem desconsiderar a realidade punitiva e de desigualdades existente. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, o método adotado foi o dedutivo e a técnica utilizada foi de pesquisa bibliográfica, com abordagem teórica e descritiva, partindo-se das hipóteses de que o modelo retributivo-punitivo não integra a vítima à resolução dos conflitos penais e aí reside um dos motivos para a sua crise; e de que o modelo consensual possibilita a integração da vítima ao procedimento penal e é compatível com a realidade brasileira. Conclui-se que é necessária uma sistematização legal da justiça restaurativa, que utilize uma nova linguagem, refute estereótipos, sustente a preparação contínua de seus profissionais, proponha um procedimento flexível e incentive o diálogo e a participação efetiva das partes na resolução do conflito penal. Contudo, defende-se que não basta que os institutos e práticas consensuais-restaurativos estejam previstos legalmente, é preciso que os seus valores sejam respeitados na prática, reduzindo-se a adoção de momentos processuais isolados, que funcionam como mera formalidade ou etapa de um processo que pretende somente a punição do acusado. A justiça restaurativa não pode ser vista como a solução para todos os problemas criminais brasileiros, mas seus ideais, se corretamente implementados, têm o potencial de transformar a forma como são enxergados o crime e a importância das partes para a resolução do conflito penal, especialmente a vítima. / This study aims to analyze the consensual model of criminal justice as an alternative to retributive-punitive criminal system, emphasizing the important role that the victim plays in the construction of this new system of conflict resolution in the criminal context. It starts from a vitimological aspect of inclusion, which encourages the appreciation of the victim without defending the exclusion or reduction of the rights of the accused, and from the Brazilian reality, considering the adoption of the consensual system in the situation where it coexists with the traditional criminal justice system. Therefore it does not start from an abolitionist proposal. It is intended, under a vitimological perspective, to analyze what is the role of the victim for the development of effective criminal policy and for the legitimacy of state action in the criminal sphere and what are the main reasons for the crisis of retributive-punitive justice model, starting from the idea that the victim is an important control instance. It is intended also the analysis of the principles, fundamentals, values and practices proposed by consensual model of criminal justice, especially those related to restorative justice, starting from the general notion that this model supports a criminal policy of the victim recovery and dialogue between the parts. The main criticisms of the adoption of restorative justice model are studied in order to understand the feasibility of consensual proposal. Finally, the Brazilian reality is emphasized regarding the adoption of legislation and consensual practices, highlighting the scene after the Law n. 9,099 / 95. It is intended to weigh the pros and cons of adopting a restorative model, in the intention to find it to be applicable in Brazil without disregarding the reality punitive and existing inequalities. To achieve the proposed objectives, the method used was deductive and the technique used was bibliographical research with theoretical and descriptive approach, starting from the hypothesis that the retributive-punitive model does not bring the victim to the resolution of criminal conflicts and there lies one of the reasons for its crisis; and that the consensus model enables the integration of the victim to the criminal procedure and is compatible with the Brazilian reality. It is concluded that a legal systematization of restorative justice is required to use a new language, refute stereotypes, sustain the continued preparation of its professionals, propose a flexible approach and encourage dialogue and effective participation of the parties in resolving the criminal conflict. However, it is not enough that the institutes and consensus-restorative practices are prescribed legally, it is necessary that their values are respected in practice by reducing the adoption of isolated procedural moments which act as a formality or step in a process that pursues only the punishment of the accused. The restorative justice can’t be seen as the solution to all Brazilian criminal problems, but its ideals, if properly implemented, have the potential to transform the way the crime and the importance of the parties for the resolution of the criminal conflict are viewed, especially the victim.

A partir de entrevistas e observação participante de eventos, esta dissertação versa sobre a construção social da “vítima” e a articulação do sofrimento e dor como elementos de mobilização e luta política. O trabalho tem como universo empírico os movimentos e familiares de vítimas de violência politicamente organizados no Rio Grande do Sul e no Rio de Janeiro. Tais movimentos e familiares, reunidos pela dor, empreendem uma árdua luta na busca por “justiça”, que envolve heterogêneas configurações de elementos contingentes, tais como “violência”, “Estado”, “vida”, “humanidade” e “justiça”. É objetivo principal deste trabalho compreender, de uma maneira antropológica, (i) as formas de construção dessa gramática moral da figura da “vítima” como modo de ação política; (ii) os modos de efetivação das denúncias públicas cujos fundamentos se referem à dor e ao sofrimento causados pela violência e, por fim, (iii) os aspectos subjetivos – menos visíveis – das narrativas sobre violência e dor que conformam os testemunhos de familiares implicados em eventos considerados violentos. Foi possível perceber que vítima e algoz constroem-se em relação e que a denuncia pública da dor é feita através de uma linguagem relacional do sofrimento, explicitando uma tensão entre tal linguagem e a linguagem individualista do trauma. A dor é um elemento que ultrapassa a esfera da denúncia pública, abrangendo o cotidiano dos familiares de vítimas em suas estratégias de inserção política e de administração do sofrimento. / Bearing on interviews and participant observation of meetings, this work focuses on the social construction of the "victim" and the articulation of suffering and pain as components of political mobilization and struggle. This study takes as its corpus groups of politically organized relatives of victims of violence and related movements based in Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro. Brought together by their members’ similar experiences of suffering, such movements and groups of relatives undertake an arduous struggle in the course of their pursuit of "justice", which involves heterogeneous configurations of contingent elements, such as "violence", "State", "life", "humanity" and "justice." Our main purpose is to understand, from an anthropological perspective, (i) their ways of constructing this moral grammar of victimhood as a mode of political action; (ii) their ways of bring about public denunciations against the offenders by means of referring to their own pain and suffering caused by violence; and, finally, (iii) the subjective and less visible aspects of their narratives on violence and pain that are built into the testimonies of family members involved in events considered violent. We observed that both victim and perpetrator are relationally constituted as such and that the public denunciation of pain is produced through a relational language of suffering, thus highlighting a tension between that language and the individualistic language of trauma. Pain is an element that goes beyond the sphere of public denunciation, covering the everyday lives of victims’ family members both in their strategies of political membership-avowal and in their coping with suffering.

The diploma thesis deals with the problem of aggressiveness and chicane among children at the second level of basic schools and its prevention in the Pilsen region. Further on it is also concerned with the teachers´ perspective and their awareness of the topic of chicane. In the theoretical part I am going to analyse the fundamental terms of the topic. The attention is going to be localized on the personality of the aggressor and the victims of chicane, on the cooperation of the school and parents, on the authority of the teacher or class and school climate. There is going to be a special chapter devoted to the description of the system concerning the prevention of the chicane. In the practical part I am going to endeavour to find out by the help of a questionnaire survey, how the schoolchildren are informed about the chicane and what kinds of form are used to this purpose. I compare these results with the theoretical knowledge.

The dissertation evaluates viewpoints on the various positions of young people in criminal proceedings (the position of the offender, crime victim or witness) and deals primarily with psychological aspects of these positions. Expert theoretical arguments and theses are confronted with the experience and practice of youth and community workers. In the case studies, that are part of the work, are outlined possible ways of intervention from the point of view of youth and community workers. The work is a reflection on the given issue. It looks for an answer to the question whether the society{\crq}s interest is actually sometimes at odds with the interests of a child involved in criminal proceedings, or whether it can even cause damage to it.