Objetivos: Desenvolver e validar instrumento que auxilie o pediatra a determinar a probabilidade de ocorrência do abuso sexual em crianças. Métodos: Estudo de caso-controle com 201 crianças que consultaram em ambulatórios de pediatria e locais de referência para vítimas de abuso sexual, entre março e novembro de 2004: grupo caso (com suspeita ou revelação de abuso sexual) e grupo controle (sem suspeita de abuso sexual). Aplicou-se, junto aos responsáveis, um questionário com 18 itens e cinco opções de respostas segundo a escala Likert, abordando comportamento, sintomas físicos e emocionais apresentados pelas crianças. Excluíram-se nove crianças sem controle esfincteriano e um item respondido por poucas pessoas. A validade e consistência interna dos itens foram avaliadas com obtenção de coeficientes de correlação (Pearson, Spearman e Goodman-Kruskal), coeficiente α de Cronbach e cálculo da área da curva ROC. Calculou-se, após, a razão de verossimilhança (RV) e os valores preditivo positivos (VPP) para os cinco itens do questionário que apresentaram os melhores desempenhos. Resultados: Obteve-se um questionário composto pelos cinco itens que melhor discriminaram crianças com e sem abuso sexual em dois contextos. Cada criança recebeu um escore resultante da soma das respostas com pesos de 0 a 4 (amplitude de 0 a 20), o qual, através do teorema de Bayes (RV), indicou sua probabilidade pós-teste (VPP) de abuso sexual. Conclusões: O instrumento proposto é útil por ser de fácil aplicação, auxiliando o pediatra na identificação de crianças vítimas de abuso sexual. Ele fornecerá, conforme o escore obtido, a probabilidade (VPP) de abuso sexual, orientando na conduta de cuidado à criança. / Aims: Develop and validate an instrument to assist the paediatrician in determining the probability of the occurrence of sexual abuse in children. Methods: Case-control study with 201 children that attended the paediatric out-patient services and the referral facilities for victims of sexual abuse, between March and November 2004: case group (suspicion or disclosure of sexual abuse) and control group (without suspicion or disclosure of sexual abuse). The responsible adults were invited to answer a questionnaire containing 18 items and five answer options, in accordance with the Likert scale, that dealt with the behavioural, physical and emotional symptoms presented by the children. Nine children that lacked sphincter control and one item that was answered by few people were excluded. The validity and internal consistency of the items were assessed by obtaining the correlation coefficients with the (Pearson, Spearman and Goodman-Kruskal), Cronbach’s α coefficient and the calculation of the area of the ROC (Receiver Operator Characteristics) curve. Later, the Likelihood Ratio (LR) and the positive predictive values (PPVs) for the five items in the questionnaire that presented the best performance were calculated. Results: A questionnaire was obtained, composed of the five items that best discriminated children with or without sexual abuse in two contexts. Each child received a score consisting of the sum of the responses with weights from 0 to 4 (range from 0 to 20) that, through the Bayes theorem (LR), indicated his/her post-test probability (PPV) of sexual abuse. Conclusions: The proposed instrument is useful as it is easily applied, is of assistance to the paediatrician in the identification of child victims of sexual abuse. It will give, according to the score obtained, the probability (PPV) of sexual abuse, and so offer guidance in the care of the child.

p. 1-182 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-30T18:03:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 555555555555555.pdf: 1328036 bytes, checksum: f68c458cca60cdc96204be2b6dc06aea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:40:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 555555555555555.pdf: 1328036 bytes, checksum: f68c458cca60cdc96204be2b6dc06aea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:40:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 555555555555555.pdf: 1328036 bytes, checksum: f68c458cca60cdc96204be2b6dc06aea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Da mesma forma que a violência como tema da Saúde Coletiva demorou a ganhar espaços de discussão, o sequestro relâmpago, uma modalidade de violência criminal que atinge a classe média brasileira desde meados da década de 1990, carece de estudos que o evidenciem e reconheçam o seu impacto na saúde física, mental e social dos envolvidos. Buscamos compreender o fenômeno e a experiência do seqüestro relâmpago segundo os relatos da pessoa vitimizada, de modo a: 1. descrever o evento e identificar suas fases de execução; 2. analisar as violências perpetradas e os sentidos atribuídos pelas vítimas; 3. compreender as dimensões de interação de vítimas e ofensores; e 4. conhecer as repercussões da experiência de vitimização no cotidiano de vida dos ex-sequestrados. Desenvolvemos um estudo exploratório e com método qualitativo, no qual investigamos a experiência subjetiva de treze vítimas do seqüestro relâmpago por meio de entrevistas individuais. Descrevemos o evento a partir de quatro fases. A primeira fase antecede a captura (pré-abordagem); em seguida, tem-se a fase na qual os papéis de vítima e ofensor são iniciados (captura); e então a fase mais prolongada durante a qual ofensores expõem suas intenções e inserem a vítima em um acordo coercitivo-cooperativo (o passeio compulsório), para enfim encerrarem o evento (desfecho), sendo este um dos momentos mais tensos para a vítima. De modo geral, o seqüestro relâmpago pode ser identificado como aquilo que os estudiosos nomeiam de ―sequestro para roubo‖. É um delito que pressupõe um meio de atuação comum – o confinamento e transporte forçado das vítimas – que pode seguir scripts distintos e complementares (saques em caixas automáticos, compras, obtenção dos bens pessoais, roubo do veículo). Ele é caracterizado pela temporalidade reduzida, pelo ―cárcere móvel‖ e pela relação diádica entre ofensor e vítima. As ameaças e a arma de fogo, fortalecidos por uma encenação convincente dos ofensores, são elementos comuns a todos os casos investigados e figuram nos relatos das vítimas como elementos essenciais à sua cooperação. Esta, por sua vez, é o tipo de resposta mais freqüente por parte das vítimas. Elas acreditam que, ao colaborarem com os mandos dos ofensores, suas vidas serão preservadas e, assim, validam o contrato coerção-cooperação imposto pelos algozes. Entretanto, esse contrato pode ser continuamente negociado, já que vítima e ofensor mantêm um contato face-a-face prolongado e constante e estão inseridos em uma cena mutável por conta de fatores situacionais. Consequentemente, as vítimas vivenciam repercussões emocionais e físicas da vitimização, como medo da retaliação, mudanças imediatas de rotina, prejuízo à vida social, sensação de insegurança generalizada, entre outros. Essa deterioração da vida social do sujeito e das suas relações pessoais e a revivência emocional negativa recorrente podem ter efeito prolongado e danoso às vítimas. / Salvador

Purpose: To estimate a) the state of the research of violent behavior and victimization of patients suffering with schizophrenia; b) to identify the prevalence of violent behavior and victimization in patients with schizophrenia and to study predictors of violent behavior. Method: a) detailed analysis of relevant studies in the PubMed database; b) data on violent behavior and victimization in the last six months, physical and sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence, substance abuse and post traumatic stress disorder were gathered in 158 patients with psychotic illness and matched comparison group. Additional information was collected from collateral informants. Several regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with recent violent behavior. Results: a) From relevant studies of patients suffering with schizophrenia 72% (n=176) exemined aggressive behavior, 23% (n=55) victimization, and 5% (n=13) both. b) In the sample, the presence of a psychotic disorder was associated with an increased risk of assaults (OR=3.80; 95% CI 2.060-7.014). Additional risk factors in persons with and without psychosis included recent physical victimization (OR=7.09; 95% CI 3.922-12.819), childhood maltreatment (OR=3.15; 95% CI 1.877-5.271), the level of drug use (OR=1.13; 95% CI 1.063-...

Objetivos: Desenvolver e validar instrumento que auxilie o pediatra a determinar a probabilidade de ocorrência do abuso sexual em crianças. Métodos: Estudo de caso-controle com 201 crianças que consultaram em ambulatórios de pediatria e locais de referência para vítimas de abuso sexual, entre março e novembro de 2004: grupo caso (com suspeita ou revelação de abuso sexual) e grupo controle (sem suspeita de abuso sexual). Aplicou-se, junto aos responsáveis, um questionário com 18 itens e cinco opções de respostas segundo a escala Likert, abordando comportamento, sintomas físicos e emocionais apresentados pelas crianças. Excluíram-se nove crianças sem controle esfincteriano e um item respondido por poucas pessoas. A validade e consistência interna dos itens foram avaliadas com obtenção de coeficientes de correlação (Pearson, Spearman e Goodman-Kruskal), coeficiente α de Cronbach e cálculo da área da curva ROC. Calculou-se, após, a razão de verossimilhança (RV) e os valores preditivo positivos (VPP) para os cinco itens do questionário que apresentaram os melhores desempenhos. Resultados: Obteve-se um questionário composto pelos cinco itens que melhor discriminaram crianças com e sem abuso sexual em dois contextos. Cada criança recebeu um escore resultante da soma das respostas com pesos de 0 a 4 (amplitude de 0 a 20), o qual, através do teorema de Bayes (RV), indicou sua probabilidade pós-teste (VPP) de abuso sexual. Conclusões: O instrumento proposto é útil por ser de fácil aplicação, auxiliando o pediatra na identificação de crianças vítimas de abuso sexual. Ele fornecerá, conforme o escore obtido, a probabilidade (VPP) de abuso sexual, orientando na conduta de cuidado à criança. / Aims: Develop and validate an instrument to assist the paediatrician in determining the probability of the occurrence of sexual abuse in children. Methods: Case-control study with 201 children that attended the paediatric out-patient services and the referral facilities for victims of sexual abuse, between March and November 2004: case group (suspicion or disclosure of sexual abuse) and control group (without suspicion or disclosure of sexual abuse). The responsible adults were invited to answer a questionnaire containing 18 items and five answer options, in accordance with the Likert scale, that dealt with the behavioural, physical and emotional symptoms presented by the children. Nine children that lacked sphincter control and one item that was answered by few people were excluded. The validity and internal consistency of the items were assessed by obtaining the correlation coefficients with the (Pearson, Spearman and Goodman-Kruskal), Cronbach’s α coefficient and the calculation of the area of the ROC (Receiver Operator Characteristics) curve. Later, the Likelihood Ratio (LR) and the positive predictive values (PPVs) for the five items in the questionnaire that presented the best performance were calculated. Results: A questionnaire was obtained, composed of the five items that best discriminated children with or without sexual abuse in two contexts. Each child received a score consisting of the sum of the responses with weights from 0 to 4 (range from 0 to 20) that, through the Bayes theorem (LR), indicated his/her post-test probability (PPV) of sexual abuse. Conclusions: The proposed instrument is useful as it is easily applied, is of assistance to the paediatrician in the identification of child victims of sexual abuse. It will give, according to the score obtained, the probability (PPV) of sexual abuse, and so offer guidance in the care of the child.

abstract: The victim-offender overlap is a widely accepted empirical fact in criminology. While many methodological strategies have been used to study overlap, prior studies have assumed that it is uniform, taking little consideration into the potential differences within the overlap. The larger body of criminological research on pathways to crime suggests that victim-offenders also have variability in their victimization experiences and offending patterns. Not accounting for variation within the overlap has produced inconsistent findings in terms of establishing theoretical explanations for the victimization and offending relationship. Several general theories of crime have merit in their assumptions about the relationship between victimization and offending. Routine activity/lifestyle theory, low self-control theory, and general strain theory offer insight into the overlap. Variables derived from these three general theories are assessed to test their ability to explain a more complex conceptualization of the victim-offender overlap. Using data on 3,341 individuals drawn from four waves of the publically available National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a latent class analysis establishes unique victim-offender overlap taxonomies. A multinomial logistic regression is conducted to test how well theoretically derived variables from three general theories (e.g., routine activity theory, low self-control theory, and general strain theory) predict membership in the unique victim-offender overlap taxonomies. Additional multinomial logistic regressions are run using a split sample analyses to test the invariance of the findings across different social groupings (e.g., gender and race/ethnicity). Comparing the more complex operationalization of the victim-offender overlap with the baseline regression models shows notable differences. For example, depression significantly predicts membership in the general victim-offender overlap group, but when taking into consideration variation within the overlap, depression does not consistently predict membership in all taxonomies. Similar results are found for routine activity/lifestyle theory and low self-control theory. Tests of invariance across gender and race/ethnicity highlight the need to consider how theoretical explanations of the victim-offender overlap differ based on social groupings. Males and females have unique risks and needs and these should be reflected in how routines and negative emotions are measured. The findings underscore the need to consider overlap when studying the relationship between victims and offenders. Implications for theory, future research, and policy are also discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2018

abstract: This research addressed concerns regarding the measurement of cyberbullying and aimed to develop a reliable and valid measure of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. Despite the growing body of literature on cyberbullying, several measurement concerns were identified and addressed in two pilot studies. These concerns included the most appropriate time frame for behavioral recall, use of the term "cyberbullying" in questionnaire instructions, whether to refer to power in instances of cyberbullying, and best practices for designing self-report measures to reflect how young adults understand and communicate about cyberbullying. Mixed methodology was employed in two pilot studies to address these concerns and to determine how to best design a measure which participants could respond to accurately and honestly. Pilot study one consisted of an experimental examination of time frame for recall and use of the term on the outcomes of honesty, accuracy, and social desirability. Pilot study two involved a qualitative examination of several measurement concerns through focus groups held with young adults. Results suggested that one academic year was the most appropriate time frame for behavioral recall, to avoid use of the term "cyberbullying" in questionnaire instructions, to include references to power, and other suggestions for the improving the method in the main study to bolster participants' attention. These findings informed the development of a final measure in the main study which aimed to be both practical in its ability to capture prevalence and precise in its ability to measure frequency. The main study involved examining the psychometric properties, reliability, and validity of the final measure. Results of the main study indicated that the final measure exhibited qualities of an index and was assessed as such. Further, structural equation modeling techniques and test-retest procedures indicated the measure had good reliability. And, good predictive validity and satisfactory convergent validity was established for the final measure. Results derived from the measure concerning prevalence, frequency, and chronicity are presented within the scope of findings in cyberbullying literature. Implications for practice and future directions for research with the measure developed here are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Communication 2012

abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role teacher-relational bullying schemas may have in influencing the likelihood of youth seeking teachers' assistance. The first goal of the study was to assess whether supportive and helpful teacher-responses to bullying schemas (TRBS) were associated with greater likelihood of involving teachers, and unhelpful TRBSs was related to lower likelihood of teacher seeking coping. The second goal was to examine possible differences in TRBS and likelihood of seeking help based on sex, grade, personal behavioral blame, personal aggression, and victimization. Towards these aims, data were gathered from 320 fourth and sixth grade students (152 boys; 168 girls) in the fall and spring of the academic year. MANOVA analyses revealed sex and grade differences, such as sixth grade boys were least likely to tell their teacher and most likely to blame their own behavior for being bullied than any other group. Results from a series of regression analyses found personal behavior blame and peer-directed aggression was related with less likelihood of telling. In addition, the association between parents or principal TRBS and telling the teacher was moderated by personal behavioral blame. Moreover, punishment predicted lower probability of telling concurrently and longitudinally. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Family and Human Development 2013

abstract: The present study was designed to extend previous research on early adolescents' involvement in electronic aggression and victimization. A new measure for electronic victimization and aggression was created for this study in order to better assess this type of peer harassment in early adolescence. The first goal of the study was to describe young adolescents' involvement in electronic aggression and victimization by exploring the links between electronic victimization and aggression and (a) youth demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, ethnicity), (b) involvement in traditional forms of aggression and victimization, and (c) gender of the aggression/victimization context (i.e., same-sex aggressor -victim versus other-sex aggressor- victim dyad). The second goal was to examine how electronic victimization and aggression were associated with self-esteem and relationship efficacy. Participants were 826 (49.9% female) 7th and 8th grade students (M age = 12.5 years old; SD = .67). Students were administered surveys during school hours. Results indicated that girls were more likely to be involved in both electronic aggression and victimization than boys. Further, girls were more likely to be both electronic aggressors and victims simultaneously than boys. Finally, those involved with electronic aggression reported higher levels of relationship efficacy than their peers and involvement as an aggressor/victim was associated with lower self-esteem than any other involvement category. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Family and Human Development 2013

abstract: School bullying is a serious problem for children and adolescents, associated with a multitude of psychological and behavioral problems. Interventions at the individual level have primarily been social skills training for victims of bullying. However, investigators have had mixed results; finding little change in victimization rates. It has been suggested victims of school bullying have the social skills necessary to be effective in a bullying situation; however they experience intense emotional arousal and negative thoughts leading to an inability to use social skills. One intervention that has been getting increasing acknowledgement for its utility in the intervention literature in psychology is mindfulness. However, there has been no research conducted examining the effects of mindfulness meditation on victims of bullying. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an online intervention for victims of bullying that utilizes the cutting-edge technique of mindfulness and to determine the efficacy of this intervention in the context of bullying victimization. Participants were 32 adolescents ages 11 to 14 identified by their school facilitators as victims of bullying. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess the efficacy of the NMT program versus a treatment as usual (TAU) social skills program. Results revealed significant decreases in victimization and increases in mindfulness among both treatment groups from pre-test to follow-up and post-test to follow-up assessments. There were no differences found between the two treatment groups for mean victimization or mindfulness scores. Overall, the NMT program appears to be a promising online intervention for bullied teens. Directions for future research and limitations of this study were also discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Counseling Psychology 2013

Objetivos: Desenvolver e validar instrumento que auxilie o pediatra a determinar a probabilidade de ocorrência do abuso sexual em crianças. Métodos: Estudo de caso-controle com 201 crianças que consultaram em ambulatórios de pediatria e locais de referência para vítimas de abuso sexual, entre março e novembro de 2004: grupo caso (com suspeita ou revelação de abuso sexual) e grupo controle (sem suspeita de abuso sexual). Aplicou-se, junto aos responsáveis, um questionário com 18 itens e cinco opções de respostas segundo a escala Likert, abordando comportamento, sintomas físicos e emocionais apresentados pelas crianças. Excluíram-se nove crianças sem controle esfincteriano e um item respondido por poucas pessoas. A validade e consistência interna dos itens foram avaliadas com obtenção de coeficientes de correlação (Pearson, Spearman e Goodman-Kruskal), coeficiente α de Cronbach e cálculo da área da curva ROC. Calculou-se, após, a razão de verossimilhança (RV) e os valores preditivo positivos (VPP) para os cinco itens do questionário que apresentaram os melhores desempenhos. Resultados: Obteve-se um questionário composto pelos cinco itens que melhor discriminaram crianças com e sem abuso sexual em dois contextos. Cada criança recebeu um escore resultante da soma das respostas com pesos de 0 a 4 (amplitude de 0 a 20), o qual, através do teorema de Bayes (RV), indicou sua probabilidade pós-teste (VPP) de abuso sexual. Conclusões: O instrumento proposto é útil por ser de fácil aplicação, auxiliando o pediatra na identificação de crianças vítimas de abuso sexual. Ele fornecerá, conforme o escore obtido, a probabilidade (VPP) de abuso sexual, orientando na conduta de cuidado à criança. / Aims: Develop and validate an instrument to assist the paediatrician in determining the probability of the occurrence of sexual abuse in children. Methods: Case-control study with 201 children that attended the paediatric out-patient services and the referral facilities for victims of sexual abuse, between March and November 2004: case group (suspicion or disclosure of sexual abuse) and control group (without suspicion or disclosure of sexual abuse). The responsible adults were invited to answer a questionnaire containing 18 items and five answer options, in accordance with the Likert scale, that dealt with the behavioural, physical and emotional symptoms presented by the children. Nine children that lacked sphincter control and one item that was answered by few people were excluded. The validity and internal consistency of the items were assessed by obtaining the correlation coefficients with the (Pearson, Spearman and Goodman-Kruskal), Cronbach’s α coefficient and the calculation of the area of the ROC (Receiver Operator Characteristics) curve. Later, the Likelihood Ratio (LR) and the positive predictive values (PPVs) for the five items in the questionnaire that presented the best performance were calculated. Results: A questionnaire was obtained, composed of the five items that best discriminated children with or without sexual abuse in two contexts. Each child received a score consisting of the sum of the responses with weights from 0 to 4 (range from 0 to 20) that, through the Bayes theorem (LR), indicated his/her post-test probability (PPV) of sexual abuse. Conclusions: The proposed instrument is useful as it is easily applied, is of assistance to the paediatrician in the identification of child victims of sexual abuse. It will give, according to the score obtained, the probability (PPV) of sexual abuse, and so offer guidance in the care of the child.