Violence against women has been acknowledged both nationally and internationally as a violation of women's basic human rights, an issue which weakens the overall development of women globally. India enacted the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act in 2005 in order to address the issue of domestic violence. This work examines the impact of the law and women's education and economic status on reported cases of dowry deaths and cruelty by husband and his relatives in 28 states of India between the years 2001 to 2016. My study hypothesizes that the states' female literacy rate and female workforce participation are negatively associated with the rate of reported cases of dowry deaths and cruelty by husband and his relatives. This study supports the ameliorative hypothesis that higher literacy rates and advanced economic and political status help reduce the victimization of women. Also, variations are seen among the 28 states for the cases of reported dowry death rates and cruelty by husband and his relatives' rates, suggesting that rates of dowry death are significantly higher in the eastern region and rates of cruelty by husband and his relatives are significantly higher in the south and the west (compared to the north). / Master of Science / Domestic violence is a global issue. It can be understood as arising from patriarchal values and gendered norms which relegate women to a subordinate position to men. India is the world’s largest democracy, and India is a place where crimes against women are highly prevalent. India enacted the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act in 2005 in order to address the issue of domestic violence. This study examines the impact of the Act after 14 years of its passage. Domestic violence takes different forms ranging from physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological violence. This study focuses on two forms of domestic violence: dowry deaths and cruelty by husband and his relatives against the wife. It focuses on the analysis of reported cases of the two crimes. In this study, data from various Indian governmental websites have been collected and analyzed to demonstrate rates of domestic violence for all the states of India. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of women’s status—operationalized as female literacy rate and female workforce participation—on the number of reported cases of domestic violence in Indian society from 2001 to 2016. This study supports the ameliorative hypothesis, which argues that places in which women have higher status report lower rates of victimization.

Whilst the academic discipline analysing violence against civilians from a strategic perspective has seen significant growth over the last decades, a key issue has been neglected: the goals of the perpetrating actors. This thesis aims to narrow this research gap through answering the question: How do the conflict aims of rebel groups impact levels of violence against civilians? To do so, a theoretical framework is built, based on a categorisation of rebel conflict aims through combining a multitude of academic fields, which is then analysed through a large-N quantitative method. This study analyses an extensive 30-year world-wide dataset on the aims of rebel groups and rebel violence against civilians, and finds that different aims have significant effects on both civilian casualties and mass violence. Whilst some results support the hypothesised theories, others are indicative of contradictory relationships, further indicating the necessity of continued and expanded research into the conflict aims of rebel groups.

On June 24, 2022, Roe v. Wade was overturned, effectively eliminating the federally protected right to an abortion. Following the overturning, several state-specific restrictions or bans on abortion were passed, creating increasingly difficult conditions for people seeking an abortion. Research shows that abortion bans and restrictions disproportionately affect victims of sexual and domestic violence. Hence, this study aims to understand the specific impact of the overturning of Roe v. Wade for victims of domestic and/or sexual violence by analysis of news articles. This issue has not been researched in depth, creating a gap in our understanding. The database NexisUni was used to collect relevant news articles for content analysis, and an iterative process was used to develop themes within the identified relevant articles. The findings show several impacts of reduced abortion access for victims, including reduced reproductive choice, exacerbation of victim trauma through law enforcement requirements, lack of access to legal abortion and sexual/domestic violence resources, increased severity of violence in abusive relationships, and negative consequences disproportionately affecting minoritized or marginalized populations. Understanding the implications of abortion legislation for survivors of violence provides insight into the effects of future policies and changes as states continue to enact abortion bans and restrictions throughout the country.

Power imbalances and gender-based violence (GBV) have increasingly been cited as important determinants putting women at risk of HIV infections. Studies have shown that globally one in every three women has been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in her lifetime. The study explored working women’s perceptions of power, gender-based violence and HIV-infection risks. A qualitative, explorative study was conducted among female employees in an airline business in Namibia. Five women participated in in-depth, face-to-face interviews. The findings show that all of the participants experienced power imbalances and GBV in their intimate relationships. All of the women reported emotional or psychological abuse, whilst the majority were subjected to economic abuse, followed by physical abuse, and two alleged having been sexually abused. The study concludes with specific recommendations for the development and successful implementation of workplace policy and programmes to protect and promote women’s rights. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)

A violência contra a mulher tem se revelado uma importante questão de saúde pública, pois além de promover o aumento de morbidade e mortalidade quando relacionada à saúde da mulher, tem o potencial de provocar conseqüências ainda mais desastrosas, como ocorre na violência durante a gravidez, comprometendo também a saúde de seus descendentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a violência doméstica entre as mulheres que receberam assistência ao parto em uma maternidade de baixo risco de Ribeirão Preto - SP. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo transversal, realizado na Maternidade do Complexo Aeroporto (Mater). A amostra constituiu-se de 547 mulheres que receberam assistência ao parto no período de julho a setembro de 2006. Os dados foram coletados no puerpério, durante a internação no alojamento conjunto, em local privativo e sem a presença de acompanhantes, após assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi um questionário contendo 41 perguntas, elaborado para ser utilizado em serviços de saúde. Os dados foram processados e analisados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS, versão 11.5). Na análise, realizou-se distribuição simples de freqüência, Teste Qui-quadrado (X2) ou Teste Exato de Fisher para verificar a associação entre as variáveis e Razão de Chance (RC) e intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% para estimar a associação. Observou-se que 58,5% das mulheres entrevistadas sofreram algum tipo de agressão ao longo da vida pelo parceiro e 19,6% sofreram durante a gestação. Em relação à violência perpetrada por outras pessoas, notou-se que 52,3% sofreram algum tipo de agressão alguma vez na vida e 15,0% sofreram durante a gestação. A prevalência de mulheres que sofreram violência, alguma vez na vida, pelo parceiro foi maior entre as que: eram solteiras, separadas, divorciadas ou viúvas; não tinham um relacionamento na época ou tinham parceiros, mas não moravam juntos; pertenciam aos estratos econômicos D e E; engravidaram no mínimo três vezes; tiveram aborto; consumiram bebida alcoólica pelo menos uma vez por semana antes ou durante a gestação; usaram drogas ilícitas alguma vez na vida; agrediram fisicamente alguém; referiram medo de alguém próximo; se sentiam controladas pelo parceiro; viram o companheiro alcoolizado alguma vez durante a gestação e referiram que o companheiro usava ou usou drogas ilícitas. Além dos fatores de risco acima relacionados, a violência doméstica pelo parceiro durante o período gestacional também foi maior entre as mulheres que: consideravam-se negras ou pardas; iniciaram a vida sexual antes dos 15 anos e relataram que o companheiro usava bebida alcoólica pelo menos uma vez por semana. Portanto, o estudo comprovou a alta magnitude da violência doméstica entre as mulheres que receberam assistência ao parto em uma maternidade de baixo risco em Ribeirão Preto - SP e, dessa forma, espera-se que os resultados possam contribuir para uma maior visibilidade do problema, enfatizar a necessidade de se desenvolver uma assistência integral e auxiliar no adequado delineamento das políticas de saúde que envolvam a saúde da mulher. / Violence against women has revealed to be an important public health issue as, besides leading to increased morbidity and mortality in terms of women\'s health, it has the potential to provoke even more disastrous consequences. This is the case of violence during pregnancy, which also jeopardizes the children\'s health. This study aimed to analyze domestic violence committed against women who received delivery care at a low-risk maternity hospital in Ribeirão Preto - SP. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at the Airport Complex Maternity (Mater). The sample consisted of 547 women who received delivery care between July and September 2006. Data were collected in the puerperal period, during hospitalization at the rooming-in unit, in a private space and without the presence of companions, after the signing of the Free and Informed Consent Term. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire with 41 questions, elaborated for usage in health services. Data were processed and analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Science software (SPSS, version 11.5). The analysis involved simple frequency distribution, the Chi- Square Test (X2) or Fisher\'s Exact Test to check for associations between the variables and a 95% Odds Ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) to estimate the association. It was observed that 58.5% of the interviewed women suffered some kind of aggression by their partner during their life, and 19.6% while pregnant. What violence committed by other people is concerned, it was found that 52.3% suffered some kind of aggression at some point in their life and 15.0% while pregnant. The prevalence of women who suffered violence committed by their partner at some point in their life was higher among: single, separated, divorced or widowed women; without a relationship at that time or with partners, but without living together; who belonged to economic groups D and E; got pregnant at least three times; had an abortion; consumed alcoholic beverages at least once per week before or during the pregnancy; used illicit drugs at some point in their life; physically attacked someone; indicated fear of a close person; felt controlled by their partner; witnessed their partner under the influence of alcohol at some point during the pregnancy and mentioned that their partners used or were using illicit drugs. Besides the above mentioned risk factors, domestic violence committed by the partner during pregnancy was also greater among women who: considered themselves black or mulatto; started sexual life before the age of 15 and mentioned that their partner used alcoholic beverages at least once per week. Thus, the study proved the great extent of domestic violence among women who received delivery care at a low-risk maternity in Ribeirão Preto - SP. Hence, it is expected that the results can contribute to a greater visibility of the problem, emphasize the need to develop integral care and help in the adequate outlining of health policies involving women\'s health.

Introdução: A violência doméstica contra as mulheres apresenta-se, na atualidade, como relevante questão social e problema de saúde pública que afeta a maioria dos países. Portanto, não está mais restrita a países considerados do terceiro mundo e tende a ampliarse e a se generalizar. Em Moçambique pouco se investigou sobre a importância e papel das Delegacias de Mulheres no processo de implementação da Lei 29/2009 sobre Violência Doméstica contra a Mulher. Objetivo: Conhecer como profissionais de Delegacias de Mulheres acolhem e encaminham aos Tribunais os casos de violência doméstica; como interpretam o texto da lei, seu alcance, limitação e desafios na defesa dos direitos das mulheres vivendo em situação de violência na cidade de Maputo. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na qual foram realizadas entrevistas com 21 profissionais, operadores de Delegacias da cidade de Maputo Moçambique, que autorizaram a entrevista, segundo Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados e Discussão: Os entrevistados apresentaram, em seus relatos, grande identificação com o tipo de trabalho exercido, considerando as Delegacias como espaços significativos para o reconhecimento da cidadania das mulheres, assim como um campo de atuação políticojurídica em defesa dos direitos das mesmas via atuação na implementação da Lei 29/2009. Reconhecem a relevância da Lei, tendo em vista a significativa expressão da violência como prática naturalizada, na sociedade moçambicana, pela cristalização de valores tradicionais do poder masculino sobre as mulheres, secundados por diferentes práticas culturais. Tais entrevistados Identificam alcances, mas igualmente limites no processo de implementação da mesma, destacando a importância de sua maior divulgação em todas as regiões do país, quer urbanas, sobretudo nas periferias, assim como zonas rurais. Destacam, igualmente, a necessidade de maior capacitação dos próprios agentes do setor jurídico, considerando a multiplicidade de aspectos envolvidos na prática cotidiana dos serviços, notadamente nas delegacias, em relação à aplicação e ampliação do alcance da Lei. Considerações Finais: As tradicionais práticas culturais vigentes na sociedade moçambicana apresentaram-se como aspecto limitante para a implementação da Lei, assim como a remissão das penas, prevista na Lei, que, impossibilita a punição do agressor, em termos de detenção, uma vez que substitui a mesma por prestação de serviços à comunidade, pagamento de cestabásica e/ou multas, tendo em vista, sobretudo, sua estreita relação com o artigo 37 sobre a salvaguarda da família. Diante disso, foram sugeridas, para maior alcance e efetividade na aplicação da Lei, modalidades como o trabalho reflexivo com grupos de homens, com o objetivo de desconstrução dos tradicionais valores sobre masculinidade vigentes nas relações entre homens e mulheres nessa sociedade, que mantém tanto a desigualdade quanto a iniquidade de gênero, pela permanência de tradicionais valores culturais, a exemplo do lobolo e da poligamia / Introduction: Domestic violence against women is presented, today, as a relevant social issue and a public health problem that affects most countries. Therefore, it is no longer restricted to countries considered third world and tends to extend up and to generalize. In Mozambique little investigated on the importance and role of Police Stations for Women in Law 29/2009 implementation process on Domestic Violence against Women. Objective: To learn as Women Police Stations professionals welcome and refer to the courts cases of domestic violence; they interpret the text of the law, their scope, limitations and challenges in defending the rights of women living in situations of violence in the city of Maputo. Methodology: This is qualitative research, in which interviews were conducted with 21 professionals, operators delegacies of Maputo - Mozambique, which authorized the interview, according Term of Consent. Results and Discussion: respondents had in their accounts, great identification with the kind of exercised work, considering the police stations as significant spaces recognition of citizenship of women, as well as a political-legal field of action in defense of the rights of same via actions in the implementation of Law 29/2009. Recognize the relevance of Law, with a view to significant expression of violence as a naturalized practice in Mozambican society, the crystallization of traditional values of male power over women, seconded by different cultural practices. These respondents identified scope, but also limits the implementation of the same process, highlighting the importance of its dissemination in all regions of the country or urban areas, especially in the suburbs, and rural areas. Emphasize also the need for greater training of the agents of the legal sector, considering the multiplicity of aspects involved in the daily practice of services, particularly in police stations, in relation to the implementation and expansion of the scope of Law. Conclusions: Traditional cultural practices existing in Mozambican society is presented as a limiting aspect to the implementation of the Law, and the remission of penalties provided for in the law that prevents the punishment of the offender in terms of detention, as it replaces the same for service the community, payment basket of food staples and / or fines, with a view, above all, its close relationship with Article 37 on the \"protection of the family.\" Thus, were suggested for greater reach and effectiveness in the application of the law, modalities such as reflective work with groups of men, in order to deconstruct the traditional values of prevailing masculinity in relationships between men and women in this society that keeps both inequality as gender inequity, the permanence of traditional cultural values, such as lobolo and polygamy

Introdução: A violência doméstica contra as mulheres apresenta-se, na atualidade, como relevante questão social e problema de saúde pública que afeta a maioria dos países. Portanto, não está mais restrita a países considerados do terceiro mundo e tende a ampliarse e a se generalizar. Em Moçambique pouco se investigou sobre a importância e papel das Delegacias de Mulheres no processo de implementação da Lei 29/2009 sobre Violência Doméstica contra a Mulher. Objetivo: Conhecer como profissionais de Delegacias de Mulheres acolhem e encaminham aos Tribunais os casos de violência doméstica; como interpretam o texto da lei, seu alcance, limitação e desafios na defesa dos direitos das mulheres vivendo em situação de violência na cidade de Maputo. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na qual foram realizadas entrevistas com 21 profissionais, operadores de Delegacias da cidade de Maputo Moçambique, que autorizaram a entrevista, segundo Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados e Discussão: Os entrevistados apresentaram, em seus relatos, grande identificação com o tipo de trabalho exercido, considerando as Delegacias como espaços significativos para o reconhecimento da cidadania das mulheres, assim como um campo de atuação políticojurídica em defesa dos direitos das mesmas via atuação na implementação da Lei 29/2009. Reconhecem a relevância da Lei, tendo em vista a significativa expressão da violência como prática naturalizada, na sociedade moçambicana, pela cristalização de valores tradicionais do poder masculino sobre as mulheres, secundados por diferentes práticas culturais. Tais entrevistados Identificam alcances, mas igualmente limites no processo de implementação da mesma, destacando a importância de sua maior divulgação em todas as regiões do país, quer urbanas, sobretudo nas periferias, assim como zonas rurais. Destacam, igualmente, a necessidade de maior capacitação dos próprios agentes do setor jurídico, considerando a multiplicidade de aspectos envolvidos na prática cotidiana dos serviços, notadamente nas delegacias, em relação à aplicação e ampliação do alcance da Lei. Considerações Finais: As tradicionais práticas culturais vigentes na sociedade moçambicana apresentaram-se como aspecto limitante para a implementação da Lei, assim como a remissão das penas, prevista na Lei, que, impossibilita a punição do agressor, em termos de detenção, uma vez que substitui a mesma por prestação de serviços à comunidade, pagamento de cestabásica e/ou multas, tendo em vista, sobretudo, sua estreita relação com o artigo 37 sobre a salvaguarda da família. Diante disso, foram sugeridas, para maior alcance e efetividade na aplicação da Lei, modalidades como o trabalho reflexivo com grupos de homens, com o objetivo de desconstrução dos tradicionais valores sobre masculinidade vigentes nas relações entre homens e mulheres nessa sociedade, que mantém tanto a desigualdade quanto a iniquidade de gênero, pela permanência de tradicionais valores culturais, a exemplo do lobolo e da poligamia / Introduction: Domestic violence against women is presented, today, as a relevant social issue and a public health problem that affects most countries. Therefore, it is no longer restricted to countries considered third world and tends to extend up and to generalize. In Mozambique little investigated on the importance and role of Police Stations for Women in Law 29/2009 implementation process on Domestic Violence against Women. Objective: To learn as Women Police Stations professionals welcome and refer to the courts cases of domestic violence; they interpret the text of the law, their scope, limitations and challenges in defending the rights of women living in situations of violence in the city of Maputo. Methodology: This is qualitative research, in which interviews were conducted with 21 professionals, operators delegacies of Maputo - Mozambique, which authorized the interview, according Term of Consent. Results and Discussion: respondents had in their accounts, great identification with the kind of exercised work, considering the police stations as significant spaces recognition of citizenship of women, as well as a political-legal field of action in defense of the rights of same via actions in the implementation of Law 29/2009. Recognize the relevance of Law, with a view to significant expression of violence as a naturalized practice in Mozambican society, the crystallization of traditional values of male power over women, seconded by different cultural practices. These respondents identified scope, but also limits the implementation of the same process, highlighting the importance of its dissemination in all regions of the country or urban areas, especially in the suburbs, and rural areas. Emphasize also the need for greater training of the agents of the legal sector, considering the multiplicity of aspects involved in the daily practice of services, particularly in police stations, in relation to the implementation and expansion of the scope of Law. Conclusions: Traditional cultural practices existing in Mozambican society is presented as a limiting aspect to the implementation of the Law, and the remission of penalties provided for in the law that prevents the punishment of the offender in terms of detention, as it replaces the same for service the community, payment basket of food staples and / or fines, with a view, above all, its close relationship with Article 37 on the \"protection of the family.\" Thus, were suggested for greater reach and effectiveness in the application of the law, modalities such as reflective work with groups of men, in order to deconstruct the traditional values of prevailing masculinity in relationships between men and women in this society that keeps both inequality as gender inequity, the permanence of traditional cultural values, such as lobolo and polygamy

This PhD by project consists of a Manual for workers engaged in men’s behaviour change programs and a dissertation that theorises the principles underpinning the approach. The Manual and the dissertation examine a constructivist approach to challenging men’s violence against women. / The project, which is situated in rural Australia, is called the Men’s SHED (Self Help Ending Domestics) Project. The SHED Manual is based on a constructivist approach to men’s violence against women that reflects best practice principles within a profeminist framework. The Manual is comprised of eight sections that articulate various aspects of challenging men’s violence against women, with individuals, groups and communities. The dissertation details the journey of the project from its inception in 1994 to the beginning of 2002. / Personal construct theory provides a philosophical basis for the approach being enunciated in this study and it enables an exploration of constructive alternatives in engaging and challenging men towards behaviour change. As such, it is utilised both in engaging men to become non-violent and at the same time, reflexively enabling workers and facilitators to examine ways in which they can construct more effective ways for this to happen. The project is thus one of hopeful anticipation leading to new constructive alternatives in the endeavour to stop men’s violence against women.

Submitted by Beatriz Kipnis (bjkipnis@gmail.com) on 2018-03-09T14:50:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final..pdf: 9098554 bytes, checksum: 7e653d7a0bb3f30d8a3bf9716045542d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-03-09T17:54:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final..pdf: 9098554 bytes, checksum: 7e653d7a0bb3f30d8a3bf9716045542d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T20:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final..pdf: 9098554 bytes, checksum: 7e653d7a0bb3f30d8a3bf9716045542d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / Esta dissertação aborda o problema da violência contra a mulher em áreas rurais no Brasil. Parte-se de uma revisão da literatura internacional sobre o tema chegando em três dimensões que impactam na violência contra a mulher em áreas rurais: isolamento, família e comunidade. Objetiva-se aprofundar a literatura existente através da compreensão de quais são os diferentes fatores associados à dificuldade de mulheres rurais saírem de situações de violência. Para isso, foi utilizada a metodologia do campo-tema, permitindo uma abordagem multimétodos de aproximação do problema em três dimensões: documentos internacionais, dados secundários e estudo de caso no estado de Pernambuco. Os documentos internacionais reforçam fatores da literatura, apontando para o isolamento geográfico e maior vulnerabilidade das mulheres em áreas rurais. Os dados secundários apontam que os indicadores socioeconômicos das mulheres em áreas rurais são inferiores aos demais grupos. Além disso, a pesquisa de dados secundários sobre a violência contra as mulheres em áreas rurais mostra a análise de dados do Disque-180, porém revela a fragilidade dos dados existentes. Enfim, o estudo de caso do Pernambuco possibilitou a o reforço e relativização das dimensões encontradas na literatura através de entrevistas com mulheres que moram em áreas rurais, além de apontar estratégias e desafios do Programa de Unidades Móveis no estado. / This dissertation approaches the problem of violence against women in Brazilian rural areas. The review of the international literature on the theme reaches three dimensions that impact violence against women in rural areas: isolation, family, and community. It aims to deepen the existing literature through the understanding of the different factors associated with the difficulty of rural women to emerge from situations of violence. In order to do this, the field-theme methodology was used, allowing a multi-methods approach to the problem in three dimensions: international literature, secondary data and case study in the state of Pernambuco. The international documents reinforce factors in the literature, pointing to the geographical isolation and greater vulnerability of women in rural areas. Secondary data indicate that the socioeconomic indicators of women in rural areas are worse than the other groups. In addition, the analysis of secondary data on violence against women in rural areas shows the Disque-180 data, but reveal the fragility of existing data. Finally, the Pernambuco case study made it possible to reinforce and relativize the dimensions found in the literature through interviews with women that live in rural area, in addition to pointing out strategies and challenges of the Mobile Units Program in the state.

Power imbalances and gender-based violence (GBV) have increasingly been cited as important determinants putting women at risk of HIV infections. Studies have shown that globally one in every three women has been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in her lifetime. The study explored working women’s perceptions of power, gender-based violence and HIV-infection risks. A qualitative, explorative study was conducted among female employees in an airline business in Namibia. Five women participated in in-depth, face-to-face interviews. The findings show that all of the participants experienced power imbalances and GBV in their intimate relationships. All of the women reported emotional or psychological abuse, whilst the majority were subjected to economic abuse, followed by physical abuse, and two alleged having been sexually abused. The study concludes with specific recommendations for the development and successful implementation of workplace policy and programmes to protect and promote women’s rights. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)