The dissertation analyzes obstacles and potential in democracies, specifically Canada, Sweden, and United States, to effectively address empirically documented harms of pornography. Legislative and judicial challenges under different democratic and legal frameworks are compared. Adopting a problem-driven theoretical approach, the reality of pornography’s harms is analyzed. Evidence shows its production exploits existing inequalities among persons typically drawn from other forms of prostitution who suffer multiple disadvantages, such as extreme poverty, childhood sexual abuse, and race and gender discrimination, making survival alternatives remote. Consumption is also divided by sex. A majority of young adult men consumes pornography frequently; women rarely do, usually not unless initiated by others. After consumption, studies show many normal men become substantially more sexually aggressive and increasingly trivialize and support violence against women. Vulnerable populations—including battered, raped, or prostituted women—are most harmed as a result. The impact of attempts to address pornography’s harms on democratic rights and freedoms, specifically gender equality and speech, is explored through the case studies. Democracies are found to provide more favorable conditions for legal challenges to pornography’s harms when recognizing substantive (not formal) equality in law, and when promoting representation of perspectives and interests of groups particularly injured by pornography. State-implemented approaches such as criminal obscenity laws are found less effective. More victim-centered and survivor-initiated civil rights approaches would be more responsive and remedial—a finding with implications for other politico-legal problems, such as global warming, that disproportionately affect disadvantaged populations traditionally largely excluded from decision-making.

This thesis is based on research conducted at the University of the Western Cape, a previously &lsquo / coloured&rsquo / university with its beginnings rooted in the political tensions in South Africa. The university is geographically disadvantaged since it is situated on the Cape Flats, which is viewed as a potentially violent area with high crime rates. The study focuses on students who stay in in- and off-campus residences since they are exposed to potential violence when they move inside as well as outside the campus and residence vicinity. In addition to semi-structured interviews conducted with students from the university, I draw on my own experiences as a student having lived in on- and off-campus residences at the university.<br /> <br /> In this thesis I investigate the tactics students use to stay safe in the face of potential violence in student residences and also in the vicinity of the university. I refer to violence in the same way as Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois (2004) do - as falling on a continuum along with other forms of violence which include structural violence, torture, genocide, political violence, state violence, symbolic violence, sexual violence and colonial violence. When students move outside of campus and residences they fear being robbed, murdered or sexually violated. Students also felt that if this should happen to them, others present will not step in to help them. The tactics students use to stay safe outside and on campus include moving in numbers, staying away from deserted or specific places at certain times, walking fast with a serious facial expression, and greeting oncomers. In residences women particularly feared going to ablution areas at certain times of the day because of stories they heard<br /> about sexual violence taking place in showers. The tactics they used to stay safe from that involved taking showers during &lsquo / peak&rsquo / hours. However, a lack of trust which students have in residential administrators impedes the safety students experience in residences. I questioned how students can feel safe outside residences when residential organisation leaves their safety precarious. Overall I found that awareness of potentially dangerous spaces, through stories, the news media or witness, informed students&rsquo / tactics of safety.<br /> <br /> Furthermore, this thesis explores the relevance of formal campus services in response to violence in the everyday lives of students who live in in- and off-campus residences. I discuss the changes that have taken place in terms of campus security, and how the meanings of safety, play an important role in the ways the university as an institution responds to violence. The meanings of safety and security also translate into specific safety interventions, which I found to focus more on perpetrators of violence from &lsquo / outside&rsquo / , that on perpetrators of violence on the &lsquo / inside&rsquo / . In the institution&rsquo / s dealings with sexual violence I also explore how perceptions of sexual violence and relationship dynamics influence the infection of HIV/AIDS, and the university&rsquo / s approach to dealing with this threat to students&rsquo / safety.

The co-occurrence of domestic violence (DV) and child maltreatment is high. Response to both problems has historically been via two different systems. However, child protection workers are increasingly asked to respond to this co-occurrence since research has identified that exposure to DV can negatively impact on children and that child maltreatment often co-occurs with DV. This study looks at child protection systems response to families affected by DV by using two research methods. First, a systematic review was conducted using research papers focusing on child protection workers response to families experiencing DV. Second, a critical discourse analysis of current Australian child protection policies was conducted. Findings from the systematic review show that child protection workers' response to abused mothers went from treating them as 'mad' in the 1980s, to labelling them 'failure to protect' in the 1990s and early 2000. These findings showed continued focus on abused mothers rather than on perpetrators of DV. Some contradictions were found around child removal data. However, important links were found between re-notification of children and subsequent removal. Findings from the Australian policy analysis revealed that most policies referred to DV as a child protection issue and used a feminist definition of DV. However, not all states had detailed guidelines on how to intervene safely and effectively with families affected by DV. Discussions and recommendations focus around the pressing need for more DV expertise within child protection systems. It also discusses the issue of responsibility placed on abused mothers while perpetrators of DV remain invisible. Finally, it discusses the response to children exposed to DV compared to the response to children exposed to DV who are also victim of direct child maltreatment. The key recommendations of this study are to have DV expertise within the child protection systems, to empower abused mothers rather than blaming them, which implies putting the responsibility back on the perpetrator of DV and to have resources and systems in place before responding to child exposure to DV as child maltreatment per se.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Department of Critical and Cultural Studies, 2004. / Bibliography: leaves 310-325. / Introduction -- School violence: a brief overview -- What's in a name?: constructing an institutional identity in an educational market -- The discipline of gentlemen -- Parent consumers: tactical manoeuvres and institutional strategies -- Making the papers: Trinity in the news -- Games of truth: "everyone has their spin" -- Conclusions. / This study integrates sociological theories of social class with poststructuralist theories of subjectivity, representation and consumption, to consider the complex ways in which the representational practices of institutions and individuals are implicated in the production of violence in schools. This work draws particularly on a case study of incidents of sexual violence which occurred at an elite private school in Sydney during 2000, in which four students were charged with a range of offences committed against younger peers over a period of months. The assault incidents received widespread media coverage and sparked intense public debate, in response to which a media strategies consultant was engaged by the school to liaise with members of the press. This study demonstrates the extent to which the interrelationships between systems of signification (in particular, written and visual texts) and other social systems, (for example, families, schools, and political economy) function in the constitution of subjectivities and the production of meaning, and takes as its focus the interrelationship and functioning of texts, discursive practices and social practices which pertain specifically to the assault incidents described above. Data are derived from a range of sources and genres, including promotional materials, personal and general correspondence, media reports, and interviews, necessitating a variety of qualitative analytic methods. Informed by critical post-structuralist theory, in particular the work of Bourdieu, Foucault, and de Certeau, this work considers questions pertaining to the operation of power within social institutions, with particular emphasis on the constitutive function of discourse. The analysis extends current conceptualisations of school violence through a post-structuralist interrogation of, and linking of violence to, educational consumption, which has predominantly been theorised according to sociological or economic models. The argument is made that the market ideologies which pervade contemporary social and educative practice, together with the representational practices and disciplinary regimes of schools, function in the constitution of social subjects who occupy multiple ambiguous subject positions in the patriarchal hierarchies which characterise the power relations and institutions under consideration, thus implicating institutions in the production of violence. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / vii, 325 leaves

Apesar de a violência conjugal contra as mulheres de classes médias ser um problema social comum na sociedade brasileira, a maioria das pesquisas existentes sobre este tema ou enfoca as mulheres vítimas de classes populares, ou é analisada sobre a perspectiva jurídica. Esta pesquisa visa mostrar que este tipo de violência também ocorre nas classes médias no município de São Paulo. Por meio da análise quantitativa das ocorrências arquivadas em 2000, 2003 e 2004 na 2ª Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher (DDM) deste município, é possível indicar que as mulheres destas classes sociais têm denunciado as diversas formas de violência sofrida (embora a maioria delas tenha afirmado não ter feito queixa do primeiro episódio de agressão sofrido). A realização de entrevistas nesta DDM com mulheres pertencentes às classes médiamédia e média-alta foram de vital importância na compreensão de alguns de seus valores sociais (como, por exemplo, tradicionais, modernos e patriarcais). Também foram investigados quais motivos influenciaram a postergação em denunciar os episódios de violência. Entre alguns dos motivos da postergação identificados pode-se citar: dependência emocional, medo, dependência econômica, entre outros. Como as duas fases da pesquisa (quantitativa e qualitativa) ocorreram em 2005, o trabalho se baseia na regulamentação então em vigor - a lei 9.099 de 1995 -, já que a aprovação da lei Maria da Penha ocorreu em agosto de 2006. Identificou-se um quadro de impunidade dos casos de violência conjugal, influenciado pelas leis (principalmente a lei 9.099), pela desmotivação e falta de treinamento das escrivãs e policiais das DDM´s. Este trabalho sugere que além das mudanças necessárias nas políticas públicas, o investimento nas áreas de moradia, trabalho e educação seriam de grande valia para propiciar maior independência a estas mulheres. / In spite of marital violence against women of middle classes is a common social problem in the Brasilian society; most of the research deals with women of low classes or it is analysed among its juridical perspective. This research aims to show that this kind of violence also occurs in middle classes in São Paulo´s city. Through the analysis of the charges pressed during the years 2000, 2003 and 2004 at the 2nd DDM; it is possible to indicate that the women of these classes have pressed charges of several types of violence that they suffered (though most of them do not agree to press charges at the first episode of aggression). At this DDM interviews were conducted among middle class women in order to understand the social values of their family (such as traditional, modern and patriarchal values) and the reasons that they did not press charges at the first incidence of violence. Also were investigated some reasons of the lateness to report these episodes of violence. Some of the reasons for this were: emotional dependence, fear, economical dependence etc. Even with the approval of the law Maria da Penha in August 2006, it is important to point out that this work still considers law 9.099 of 1995, because the investigation occurred prior to the new laws instatement. Then, we identified an unpunished situation of the resolution of marital violence, influenced by the existence of the law 9.099, by the lack of motivation, lack of training of the police officers of the DDM´s. This work suggests that beyond the changes of politics, it is important to invest in other areas such as housing, work, education to give women more independence.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T18:46:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSHC.pdf: 1609082 bytes, checksum: 91481f066672384b765804ddd8d79e3b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T20:34:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSHC.pdf: 1609082 bytes, checksum: 91481f066672384b765804ddd8d79e3b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T20:35:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSHC.pdf: 1609082 bytes, checksum: 91481f066672384b765804ddd8d79e3b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T13:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSHC.pdf: 1609082 bytes, checksum: 91481f066672384b765804ddd8d79e3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-01 / Não recebi financiamento / The research aims to raise some innovative actions found in Brazilian federal universities that have as a proposal the fight against gender violence and against women. The idea is that the study contributes to the creation of administrative and pedagogical practices that allow the constitution of projects and alternative solutions for the management of conflicts of gender relations within the universities themselves. For the survey of these actions we opted for an exploratory, bibliographical and documentary qualitative research that made use of the content analysis. From the material analyzed, the categories were defined: consolidated successful experiences and recent successful experiences developed by these universities in relation to the fight against gender violence and against women. As a result, the research demonstrates that there is a need for collection, organization, treatment and continuous dissemination of information generated by the IFES. The proposal of intervention of this research is therefore the conception of a Gender, Women and Violence Observatory for the Extension Project ACIEPE / Women in the Public Administration of the Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar seeking partnerships with SAADE, NIASE, LAPREV, Nucleus of studies YOU WANT that are located in UFSCar, as well as to promote rapprochement with the community of São Carlos. The objective of the creation of the Observatory is to promote the identification of policies to combat violence, the mapping of host networks, the monitoring of indicators, the preparation of proposals and the availability of relevant information found on the subject in the federal universities surveyed. Organized and systematic for different audiences. For praxis to happen, it is necessary to understand the path taken by women and men, specifically in the academic world in the fight against violence against women. / A pesquisa tem como perspectiva levantar algumas ações inovadoras encontradas nas universidades federais brasileiras que tenham como proposta o combate à violência de gênero e contra as mulheres. A ideia é que o estudo contribua para a criação de práticas administrativas e pedagógicas, que permitam a constituição de projetos e soluções alternativas para a gestão dos conflitos das relações de gênero dentro das próprias universidades. Para o levantamento dessas ações se optou por uma pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e documental, qualitativa que fez o uso da análise de conteúdo. A partir do material analisado foram definidas as categorias: experiências exitosas consolidadas e experiências exitosas recentes desenvolvidas por essas universidades em relação ao combate à violência de gênero e contra as mulheres. Como resultado, a pesquisa demonstra que há necessidade de práticas de coleta, organização, tratamento e disseminação contínua de informações geradas pelas IFES. A proposta de intervenção dessa pesquisa é, portanto, a concepção de um Observatório de Gênero, Mulheres e Violência para o Projeto de Extensão ACIEPE/Mulheres na Administração Pública da Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar buscando parcerias com a SAADE, NIASE, LAPREV, núcleo de estudos QUERERES que estão localizados na UFSCar, bem como promover aproximação com a comunidade de São Carlos. O objetivo da criação do Observatório é promover a identificação de políticas de combate à violência, o mapeamento de redes de acolhimento, o acompanhamento de indicadores, elaboração de propostas e a disponibilização de informações relevantes encontradas sobre o tema nas universidades federais pesquisadas, disponibilizando de forma organizada e sistemática para diferente públicos. Para que a práxis aconteça é preciso compreender o caminho trilhado por mulheres e homens, especificamente no mundo acadêmico no combate a violência contra a mulher.

Neste estudo aborda-se a violência contra as mulheres e a saúde em áreas rurais da Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Os objetivos gerais incluíram: conhecer e analisar, em cenários rurais as representações sociais da violência contra as mulheres na perspectiva de gestores municipais, profissionais e trabalhadores da saúde e as influências dessas representações na implementação de decisões políticas e técnicas em ações de saúde; analisar as agendas públicas locais de saúde direcionadas ao enfrentamento da violência contra mulheres rurais; analisar, por meio do domínio epistemológico das relações de gênero e das representações sociais balizadas pelo principio da integralidade (SUS), as formas concretas de atenção às mulheres rurais vítimas de violência e o potencial de efetividade do enfrentamento local considerando-se o contexto rural e as pequenas municipalidades. O estudo, de cunho qualitativo, englobou 56 participantes: gestores, profissionais e trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde, que atuam em áreas rurais. As ferramentas de geração das informações abarcaram: questões-estímulo de evocações, entrevista semiestruturada e busca documental, analisadas pela modalidade temática e com auxílio do software Nvivo, e para análise das associações de palavras o software EVOC. As evocações dos participantes reconhecem essa problemática em cenário rural considerando-a “destino de gênero” que advêm do consentimento/resignação, culpa/medo, o que resulta em “naturalização” e “banalização” social marcados pelas relações hierárquicas de gênero. Nas representações constatou-se que a mulher rural é vista sob a ótica da “subordinação” e da “obediência”, da responsabilidade exclusiva pela reprodução biológica, dos afazeres domésticos e da lavoura, com pouca ou nenhuma legitimidade para desconformidades. Na dimensão política, a fragilidade da gestão das políticas e dos recursos atestam o despreparo dos municípios para conduzir o processo de gestão pautados nas diretrizes e princípios do SUS. As especificidades e as dinâmicas socioculturais das comunidades rurais intensificam essa fragilidade da gestão, porque não são exploradas na dimensão do planejamento em saúde. O resultado do “não reconhecimento” da violência como problemática “da e de saúde” foi a constatação da inexistência de agenda local direcionada à violência contra as mulheres rurais, a desresponsabilização e o descompromisso da gestão local frente a esse fenômeno. Nas práticas dos profissionais da saúde (dimensão técnica), em particular as rurais, essa problemática apareceu invisível, não reconhecida e a “centralidade na doença” impossibilita a inclusão da violência como problema de saúde complexo, oriundo de “outro tipo de sofrimento”. A saúde das populações rurais é um fenômeno amplo, com suas especificidades, e o desafio das políticas públicas é o de reconhecer o cenário rural como espaço de cuidado que demanda intervenções singulares. Desvelar a violência contra as mulheres rurais no interior dos serviços de saúde é fundamental para compreendê-la, exigindo transformação de saberes e práticas, reconhecimento e responsabilização de serviços coletivos de atenção em saúde, e de profissionais, para além do técnico, como cidadãos comprometidos com deveres de cidadania na luta pela integralidade da atenção e contra as práticas inaceitáveis de violência. / The study approaches the of violence against women and health in rural areas from the South Half region of Rio Grande do Sul. The general objectives were: learning and analyzing, within rural sceneries, the social representations of violence against women in the perspective of the municipal management staff, health professionals and workers and the influences of these representations in implementing political and technical decisions on health actions; analyzing the local public health agendas addressed to coping violence against rural women; analyzing by means of the epistemological domain of gender relations and of social representations marked out by the SUS integrality principle, the concrete forms of caring rural women victims of violence and the potential of effectiveness of the local coping by considering the rural context and the small municipalities. It is a qualitative study with the participation of the managerial staff, professionals and workers from health services that perform in rural areas totaling 56 participants. Different kinds of tools were used to generate the information such as: instrument with questions-stimuli of evocations, semi-structured interview and documental survey analyzed by the thematic mode by using the Nvivo software and, for the analysis of the connection of words, the EVOC software. The evocations of the participants are turned to recognizing this problem in the rural environment as being “a gender destiny” that derives from consent and resignation, guilt and fear, what results in the social “naturalization” and “banality” marked by the hierarchic relations of gender. The representations have also evidenced that the rural woman is seen from the points of view of “subordination” and “obedience”, the exclusive responsibility for the biological reproduction, the care of the home, the housekeeping and the tillage with few or no legitimacy for non-conformities. As to the political dimension, the study showed the fragility of the management of the policies of the resources, evidencing the lack of preparation of the municipalities to conduct the management process based on SUS guidelines and principles. The specificities and social and cultural dynamics of the rural communities intensify this management fragility since they are not exploited in the dimension of health planning. The result of the “non-recognition” of violence as a problem “of the and of health” was observing the non-existence of a local agenda addressed to the of violence against rural women, as well as the lack of responsibility and non-commitment of the local administration before this phenomenon. Regarding the practices of the health professionals (technical dimension), particularly the rural ones, this problem appeared as invisible and non-recognized and, yet, the “central focus on the disease” that makes it impossible to include violence as a complex health problem, derived from “other type of suffering”. The health of rural populations is a broad phenomenon with its specificities while the disease and the challenge of the public policies are recognizing the rural scenery as a space of care that requires unique interventions. Unveiling violence against the rural women within the walls of the health services is fundamental for its comprehension what therefore requires transformation of knowledge and practices, recognition and responsibility of the services as meanings of health care and of the professionals as well but beyond of the technician level as citizens committed with citizenship duties in the struggle for the care integrality and against the non-acceptable practices of violence. / En este estudio aborda la violencia contra las mujeres y la salud en áreas rurales de la Mitad Sur del Rio Grande do Sul. Los objetivos fueron: conocer y analizar, en escenarios rurales, las representaciones sociales de la violencia contra las mujeres en la perspectiva de los gestores municipales, profesionales y trabajadores de la salud influencias de esas representaciones en la implementación de decisiones políticas y técnicas en acciones de salud; analizar las agendas públicas locales de salud direccionadas al enfrentamiento de la violencia contra mujeres rurales; analizar, por medio del dominio epistemológico de las relaciones de género y de las representaciones sociales balizadas por el principio de la integralidad (SUS), las formas concretas de atención a las mujeres rurales víctimas de violencia y el potencial de efectividad del enfrentamiento local considerando el contexto rural y las pequeñas municipalidades. El studio cualitativo, con participación de gestores, profesionales y trabajadores de los servicios de salud, que actúan en áreas rurales, totalizando 56 participantes. Las diferentes herramientas de generación de las informaciones, tales como: instrumento con cuestiones-estímulos de evocaciones, entrevista semi-estructurada y búsqueda documental, siendo analizadas por la modalidad temática utilizándose el software Nvivo y, para el análisis de las asociaciones de palabras, el software EVOC. Las evocaciones de los participantes están vueltas para el reconocimiento de esa problemática en escenario rural como siendo “destino de género”, que adviene del consentimiento/resignación, culpa/miedo, lo que resulta en la “naturalización” y “banalización” social marcada por las relaciones jerárquicas de género. También se evidenciaron en las representaciones que la mujer rural es vista por la óptica de la “subordinación” y de la “obediencia”, la responsabilidad exclusiva por la reproducción biológica, de las tareas domésticas y de labranza, con poca o ninguna legitimidad para disconformidades. En la dimensión política, fragilidad de la gestión de las políticas y de los recursos, lo que atesta la falta de preparación de las municipalidades para conducir el proceso de gestión pautado en las directrices y principios del SUS. Las dinámicas sociales y culturales de las comunidades rurales intensifican esa fragilidad de la gestión, visto que ellas no son exploradas en la dimensión del planeamiento en salud. El resultado del “no reconocimiento” de la violencia como problemática “de la y de salud” fue la constatación de la inexistencia de agenda local direccionada la violencia contra las mujeres rurales, como también la falta de responsabilización y el descompromiso de la gestión local delante ese fenómeno. Ya en las prácticas de los profesionales de la salud (dimensión técnica), en particular las rurales, esa problemática presentó invisibilidad y no reconocida y, aún, la “centralidad en la enfermedad” que imposibilita la inclusión de la violencia como un problema de salud complejo con origen en “otra clase de sufrimiento”. La salud de las poblaciones rurales es un fenómeno con especificidades amplias, que la enfermedad y el desafío de las políticas públicas son reconocer el escenario rural como espacio de cuidado que demanda intervenciones singulares. Desvelar la violencia contra las mujeres rurales en el interior de los servicios de salud es fundamental para su comprensión, exigiendo, por lo tanto transformación de saberes y prácticas, reconocimiento y responsabilización de servicios como colectivos de atención en salud, y de profesionales para allá del técnico, como ciudadanos comprometidos con deberes de ciudadanía en la lucha por la integralidad de la atención y contra las prácticas inaceptables de violencia.

p. 1-232 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-06T17:11:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 111.pdf: 2656878 bytes, checksum: b84ea5cd33017dc2fd6cbf44befbabd0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fatima Cleômenis Botelho Maria (botelho@ufba.br) on 2013-03-07T13:52:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 111.pdf: 2656878 bytes, checksum: b84ea5cd33017dc2fd6cbf44befbabd0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-07T13:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 111.pdf: 2656878 bytes, checksum: b84ea5cd33017dc2fd6cbf44befbabd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Esta dissertação, desenvolvida no Mestrado Profissional em Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, tem como objetivo discutir o processo de institucionalização do enfrentamento à violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, enfocando o papel estratégico das agências da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento e, em especial, o programa POMMAR, vinculado à Agência Norte-Americana para o Desenvolvimento Internacional (USAID). A dissertação está organizada da seguinte forma: inicialmente é feita uma contextualização conceitual e histórica do fenômeno da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes e seu processo de institucionalização. Em seguida analisam-se as políticas públicas voltadas para o segmento criança e adolescente no Brasil até chegar às políticas específicas para a temática analisada. No capítulo seguinte, são discutidos os aspectos gerais sobre o sistema de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, sua participação nas ações de enfrentamento à violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, o internacionalismo norte-americano e os dez anos da atuação do POMMAR. Após este percurso, analisam-se empiricamente as estratégias de participação do POMMAR/USAID e seus impactos nas políticas públicas de enfrentamento à violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes no Brasil. Nesta dissertação, desconstrói-se a visão tradicional de que o papel das agências internacionais de cooperação para o desenvolvimento se restringe à participação financeira. Conclui-se, no caso particular do POMMAR/USAID que a capacidade de adaptação ao contexto local e de articulação com as Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OCSs), além da assistência técnica e do papel político desempenhado, são fatores críticos no processo de legitimação de seu envolvimento central nas políticas públicas de enfrentamento à violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes no Brasil. / Salvador

ALTAMIRANO, Thiago de Holanda. Avaliação do Programa de Ações Integradas e Referenciais de Enfrentamento a Violência Sexual Infanto-Juvenil no Território Brasileiro – PAIR: possibilidades e limites no caso do Jangurussu. 2013. 143f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-16T14:20:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_thaltamirano.pdf: 1678255 bytes, checksum: 47ea2a0d5753f7b04ae50cf2c30b8d51 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-16T15:21:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_thaltamirano.pdf: 1678255 bytes, checksum: 47ea2a0d5753f7b04ae50cf2c30b8d51 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-16T15:21:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_thaltamirano.pdf: 1678255 bytes, checksum: 47ea2a0d5753f7b04ae50cf2c30b8d51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / This dissertation establishes as central object the evaluation of the Program of Integrated and Referential Actions to Combat Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents in the Brazilian territory - PAIR. This federal government policy implemented in Fortaleza comes from the challenge of articulating the various local actors to combat sexual violence of children and adolescents. Accordingly, we will try to unravel what was the impact that this program has brought to the territory of Jangurussu, one of the city districts where the program was implemented. The effort of this study was to understand how the phenomenon of sexual violence against children and adolescents relates in the dynamics of Brazilian contemporary life, particularly in a context of poverty where this neighborhood is inserted, realizing the limits and possibilities of the State to combat it. To do so, we launched efforts to understand how this institutional articulation, which the program aims through its various institutions, both governmental and civil society, is impacting as an alternative to face this kind of violence. We considered the notion of State, working the Gramscian category of "extended state" to realize the potentialities and tensions presented in this field. We conducted an evaluation, which used techniques of ethnographic research, to enter the place where the program takes place in order to understand, from the narratives of the actors involved, the directions of this policy to combat sexual violence against children and adolescents. / Essa dissertação estabelece como objeto central a avaliação do Programa de Ações Integradas e Referenciais de Enfrentamento à Violência Sexual Infanto-Juvenil no Território Brasileiro – PAIR. Esta política do governo federal executada em Fortaleza parte do desafio de articular os diversos atores locais para o enfrentamento da violência sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Nesse sentido, tentaremos desvendar quais foram os impactos que este programa trouxe, no território do Jangurussu, um dos bairros da cidade em que o Programa foi implantado. O esforço deste estudo foi o de compreendermos como o fenômeno da violência sexual de crianças e adolescentes se relaciona na dinâmica da vida contemporânea brasileira, sobretudo num contexto de pobreza em que este bairro está inserido, percebendo os limites e as possibilidades do Estado em combatê-lo. Para isso, lançamos esforços para perceber como esta articulação institucional - a qual o Programa se propõe por meio das suas diversas instituições, tanto governamentais, como da sociedade civil - está impactando como alternativa para o enfrentamento desta forma de violência. Consideramos a noção de Estado, trabalhando a categoria gramsciana de “Estado ampliado” para perceber as potencialidades e as tensões presentes neste campo. Realizamos uma avaliação, que se utilizou de técnicas da pesquisa etnográfica, para adentrar o lugar onde acontece o Programa, a fim de compreender, a partir das narrativas dos atores envolvidos, os sentidos desta política para o combate da violência sexual infanto-juvenil.

This research work deals with the system for the prevention and repression of domestic violence against women in Brazil, considered one of the most serious human rights violations. The principles of equality, public policies and affirmative actions for the promotion of isonomic laws for the different genders are also discussed. In the present study, domestic violence, apart from being a crime, is also treated as one of the most insidious forms of discrimination, intolerance and disrespect for human dignity. In addition, the study makes the distinction between domestic and non-domestic violence, in order to prevent them from receiving the same treatment. Further, the main causes and consequences of this kind of crime, as well as the profile of the victims and aggressors, are analyzed based on statistical data on domestic violence against women in Brazil and in other countries. Women rights are presented as part of the human rights, according to the most important treaties published by the United Nations and by the Organization of American States. The study includes the analysis of the models for the prevention of domestic violence used in European and Latin American countries. Also included are the penal legislation and the public policies developed in Brazil after the 1988 Constitution to implement the principle of equality (see art. 5º, I). In this sense, the limitations of the Law nº 9.099/95 and the sanctions included in the Brazilian Penal Code to repress this kind of offense are discussed. Finally, the study presents proposals in order to promote equality between men and women in both social and family relations, with a view to prevent and punish the domestic violence in Brazil, through legislative changes and effective public actions. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem como tema central o sistema brasileiro de prevenção e repressão à violência doméstica contra a mulher no Brasil, considerada uma das mais graves violações aos direitos humanos. Aborda também o primado da igualdade, as ações afirmativas e políticas públicas de promoção da isonomia entre os gêneros. O estudo parte do pressuposto de que, mais do que crime, a violência doméstica é uma das mais insidiosas formas de discriminação, intolerância e negação da dignidade humana. Apresenta a distinção entre violência contra a mulher e doméstica, em razão de serem constantemente tratadas como sinônimas. Com base em dados estatísticos sobre a ocorrência da violência doméstica no Brasil e em outros países, são analisadas as principais causas e conseqüências dessa forma de criminalidade, sem negligenciar o perfil da vítima e do agressor. Os direitos das mulheres são apresentados como especialização dos direitos humanos, fato demonstrado pela apresentação dos principais tratados editados pelas Nações Unidas e Organizações dos Estados Americanos. Analisa os modelos de combate à violência doméstica adotados por países europeus e latino-americanos. Discorre sobre a legislação penal e as políticas públicas desenvolvidas no país, após a Constituição de 1988, visando à implantação da igualdade (CF, art. 5º, I). Nesse sentido, sustenta a insuficiência do procedimento da Lei n. 9.099/95 e das sanções previstas no Código Penal brasileiro para reprimir a prática do delito. Por fim, apresenta proposições destinadas à promoção da igualdade entre homens e mulheres nas relações sociais e familiares, bem como a prevenir e punir a violência doméstica no Brasil, por meio de mudanças legislativas e ações governamentais efetivas.