O núcleo hipotalâmico supraquiasmático (SCh), apresenta caracterização neuroquímica com duas subpopulações principais de células, a produtora de polipeptídeo intestinal vasoativo (VIP) e argenina vasopressina (AVP). As fibras IR AVP e VIP oriundas do SCh apresentam características morfológicas específicas que possibilitam o rastreamento a longas distâncias dentro do hipotálamo. No presente estudo buscamos mapear os terminais IR VIP e AVP nas áreas hipotalâmicas do primata Cebus apella utilizando a imuno-histoquímica, e fazer a identificação das áreas hipotalâmicas recipientes do SCh, utilizando o mapeamento da distribuição das fibras IR associado à análise morfológica destas duas substâncias neuroativas. As fibras IR VIP e AVP com características do SCh foram identificadas em porções anteriores como hipotálamo anterior, área pré-óptica, área hipotalâmica lateral, SPZV, até porções mais caudais, porção retroquiasmática, área tuberal. Os resultados indicam um padrão similar de distribuição de fibras IR VIP e AVP nas áreas do hipotálamo e também em áreas descritas como recipientes das projeções do SCh, quando comparado com outras espécies como roedores descritos na literatura. / The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, contains a variety of different neurons that tend to form two major subpopulations within the nucleus, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and vasopressin (VP). The immunoreactive (IR) fibers derived from the VIP and VP IR cells of the SCN present morphological characteristics that allow their specific tracking in long distances within the hypothalamus. In the present investigation we aimed map VIP and VP IR terminals in hypothalamic areas of the primate Cebus apella using immunohistochemistry, and to do identification of hypothalamic recipient areas from SCN using the mapping distribution of fibers IR associated with morphological analysis of these two neuroactive substances. VIP and VP IR fibers with characteristics from SCN were identified in the rostral anterior hypothalamic area and medial preoptic area, laterally to the lateral hypothalamic area, and more caudally in SPZV and retrochiasmatic tuberal area. The results indicate that there is a similarity in the pattern of distribution of VIP and VP fibers in the hypothalamic areas and also in areas recipients from SCN projections when compared with nocturnal rodent species described in the literature.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T07:36:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mariana da Silva Godinho - 2014.pdf: 11659350 bytes, checksum: 36a0ea84b6d0c992d5629322e89390a3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T07:42:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mariana da Silva Godinho - 2014.pdf: 11659350 bytes, checksum: 36a0ea84b6d0c992d5629322e89390a3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T07:42:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mariana da Silva Godinho - 2014.pdf: 11659350 bytes, checksum: 36a0ea84b6d0c992d5629322e89390a3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The lifetime of a power transformer is determined by the state of degradation of its insulation system. This system consists of Kraft paper immersed in insulating oil (IMO). In order to prevent an abrupt crash transformer its oxidation state should be monitored. This monitoring is performed using physico-chemical and chromatographic assays. The physico-chemical parameter of greatest importance is the interfacial tension (IT), which is a measure for assessing indirectly the oxidation state of the Kraft paper. The objective of this thesis to propose analytical methodologies to evaluate the oxidation process of the insulation system, both in naturally and accelerated degraded oil samples, using Image Analysis and spectroscopic techniques combined with methods of Multivariate Calibration (Partial Least Squares - PLS), Resolution Multivariate Curve and Data Fusion. Spectra of Moleculular Fluorescence (MF), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 1H (1H NMR), Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) and RGB images were obtained for a set of 268 oil samples provided by CELG Distribuição S.A. (CELG D). Subsequently, spectra in the Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) region, FM and RGB images were obtained for a set of 24 oil samples subjected to an accelerated degradation. PLS models were obtained in order to predict the IT and color parameters for the set of samples provided by CELG D. For the set of degraded samples PLS models were obtained for prediction of degradation time. PARAFAC and MCR-ALS models were obtained to evaluate the oxidation process of the insulating system and too identify the pure spectra of possible compounds formed during this process. Furthermore, low level data fusion combined with variable selection using the Variables Importance in the Projection (VIPs) was used in this study to obtain PLS models. The best PLS model for the set of samples provided by CELG D was obtained for the fused spectroscopic data using variable selection by VIPS. This model provided a mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.9 mN/m for IT and 0.3 for the color parameter (dimensionless units). PARAFAC and MCR-ALS models allowed to assess the process of system degradation. The proposed methodologies are fast and non-destructive, showing great advantages over traditional methods, which take a long time, and generate a lot of waste. This work opens perspectives for an online monitoring to assess the degradation of the insulating system besides having permitted a more detailed study on the compounds formed during the degradation process. / A vida útil de um transformador de potência é determinada pelo estado de degradação de seu sistema isolante. Esse sistema é constituído pelo papel tipo Kraft imerso em óleo mineral isolante (OMI). Para evitar que um transformador chegue ao seu fim de vida de forma abrupta é necessário que seja realizado o monitoramento do seu estado de oxidação. Esse monitoramento é feito através de ensaios físico-químicos e cromatográficos. O parâmetro físico-químico de maior importância é a tensão interfacial (TI), pois é uma medida que avalia indiretamente o estado de oxidação do papel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor metodologias analíticas para avaliar o processo de degradação do sistema isolante tanto em amostras degradadas naturalmente quanto em amostras degradadas aceleradamente, usando Análise de Imagens e técnicas espectroscópicas aliadas a métodos de Calibração Multivariada (Mínimos Quadrados Parciais - PLS), Resolução de Curva Multivariada e Fusão de Dados. Foram obtidos espectros de Fluorescência Molecular (FM), Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1H (RMN de 1H), Infravermelho na região do próximo (FT-NIR) e imagens RGB de um conjunto de 268 amostras de OMI fornecidas pela CELG Distribuição S.A. (CELG D). Posteriormente, foram obtidos espectros de UV-Vis, FM e imagens RGB de um conjunto de 24 amostras degradadas aceleradamente. Modelos PLS foram construídos para prever os parâmetros TI e cor para o conjunto de amostras fornecidas pela CELG D. Para as amostras degradadas aceleradamente modelos PLS foram obtidos para previsão do tempo de degradação. Modelos PARAFAC e MCR-ALS foram construídos com objetivo de avaliar o processo de oxidação do sistema isolante e identificar os espectros puros de possíveis compostos formados durante esse processo. Além disso, Fusão de Dados de baixo nível aliada à seleção de variáveis usando as Variáveis de Importância na Projeção (VIPs) foram utilizadas neste trabalho para a obtenção de modelos PLS. O melhor modelo PLS para o conjunto de amostras fornecidas pela CELG D foi obtido para os dados espectroscópicos fundidos usando seleção de variáveis por VIPS. Esse modelo forneceu um erro médio quadrático de previsão (RMSEP) de 2,9 mN/m para previsão da TI e 0,3 para o parâmetro cor (unidade adimensional). Os modelos PARAFAC e MCR-ALS permitiram avaliar o processo de degradação do sistema isolante. As metodologias propostas são rápidas e não destrutivas, mostrando grandes vantagens sobre os métodos tradicionais, os quais demandam muito tempo, além de gerar uma grande quantidade de resíduos. Este trabalho abre perspectivas para um monitoramento direto (on-line) para avaliar a degradação do sistema isolante, além de ter permitido um estudo mais aprofundado a respeito dos compostos formados durante o processo de degradação.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Kompaktaggregat är ett integrerat FTX- och FVP-system som används i passivhus. Vi har gjort energiberäkningar i programmet VIP+ för att se hur kompaktaggregatet skulle kunna fungera i passivhus i Sverige. De resultat vi har fått fram ur VIP+ visar att passivhus med ett installerat kompaktaggregat klarar av att nå passivhuskraven ända upp till Skellefteå. De beräknade värdena understiger kraven för passivhus, men en viss marginal behövs för att kraven ska nås även efter uppförandet av byggnaden. Vi har även tolkat tekniska uppgifter på ett sätt som enligt oss har en positiv effekt för passivhus på kallare orter. Därför tror vi inte att värdena för de tre nordligaste platserna är helt tillförlitliga. De övriga plasterna ser bra ut. Passivhus med ett installerat kompaktaggregat klarar enligt oss passivhuskraven i dessa städer; Malmö, Växjö, Göteborg, Stockholm och med tveksamhet Borlänge. / Compact units are an integrated balanced ventilation whit recovery and an extracted air heat pump that are used in passive houses. We have done some energy calculations to see how compact units would be able to operate in Sweden. The results we have been receiving from VIP+, display that a passive house with an installed compact unit manages to achieve the demands for passive houses all the way up to the city Skellefteå. The calculated values are below the demands for passive house, but a certain margin is needed for the demands to be met after the building is complete. We have also construed technical data in a way that can have a positive effect on the passive houses in colder locations. Because of this we do not think the values for the three cities furthest north are entirely reliable. The other locations look good. Passive houses with an installed compact unit would, according to our research meet the passive house demands in these cities; Malmö, Växjö, Göteborg, Stockholm and with a doubt Borlänge.

Ett passivhus är ett hus som i stort sett enbart värms upp av människorna och elapparaterna som finns i huset. Särskilda krav för att få kalla huset för passivhus måste uppfyllas. Vi har gjort en enkätundersökning på tre olika passivhusprojekt för att utreda vad de boende tycker om inomhusklimatet. De utvalda projekten finns i Värnamo, Frillesås och Glumslöv. Enkätsvaren visar att de boende i Frillesås är mycket nöjda, medan mer än 50 % av dem som bor i Glumslöv tycker att det är för varmt på sommaren och för kallt på vintern. För att utreda om de olika konstruktionerna har någon inverkan på inomhusklimatet har beräkningar och simuleringar i datorprogrammen VIP+ och IDA gjorts. Resultaten från de båda programmen visar att vilken av de två konstruktionerna som valts inte bör ha någon påverkan på inomhusklimatet. / A passive house is a house that is mostly heated with energy from humans and from electric devices in the house. Special requirements need to be followed if you want to call the house a passive house. We did a survey on three different passive house projects to investigate the tenants opinion about the indoor climate. The chosen projects are located in Värnamo, Frillesås and Glumslöv. The result of the survey shows that the tenants in Frillesås are very satisfied, while more than 50 % of the tenants in Glumslöv think it’s too hot in the summer and too cold in the winter. To investigate if the construction has any effect on the indoor climate, we did calculations and simulations in the computer programs VIP+ and IDA. The result from both of the programs shows that the chosen construction should not effect the indoor climate.

<p>Kompaktaggregat är ett integrerat FTX- och FVP-system som används i passivhus. Vi har gjort</p><p>energiberäkningar i programmet VIP+ för att se hur kompaktaggregatet skulle kunna fungera i</p><p>passivhus i Sverige.</p><p>De resultat vi har fått fram ur VIP+ visar att passivhus med ett installerat kompaktaggregat klarar</p><p>av att nå passivhuskraven ända upp till Skellefteå. De beräknade värdena understiger kraven för</p><p>passivhus, men en viss marginal behövs för att kraven ska nås även efter uppförandet av</p><p>byggnaden. Vi har även tolkat tekniska uppgifter på ett sätt som enligt oss har en positiv effekt</p><p>för passivhus på kallare orter. Därför tror vi inte att värdena för de tre nordligaste platserna är</p><p>helt tillförlitliga. De övriga plasterna ser bra ut. Passivhus med ett installerat kompaktaggregat</p><p>klarar enligt oss passivhuskraven i dessa städer; Malmö, Växjö, Göteborg, Stockholm och med</p><p>tveksamhet Borlänge.</p> / <p>Compact units are an integrated balanced ventilation whit recovery and an extracted air heat</p><p>pump that are used in passive houses. We have done some energy calculations to see how</p><p>compact units would be able to operate in Sweden.</p><p>The results we have been receiving from VIP+, display that a passive house with an installed</p><p>compact unit manages to achieve the demands for passive houses all the way up to the city</p><p>Skellefteå. The calculated values are below the demands for passive house, but a certain margin</p><p>is needed for the demands to be met after the building is complete. We have also construed</p><p>technical data in a way that can have a positive effect on the passive houses in colder locations.</p><p>Because of this we do not think the values for the three cities furthest north are entirely reliable.</p><p>The other locations look good. Passive houses with an installed compact unit would, according</p><p>to our research meet the passive house demands in these cities; Malmö, Växjö, Göteborg,</p><p>Stockholm and with a doubt Borlänge.</p>

<p> </p><p>Ett passivhus är ett hus som i stort sett enbart värms upp av människorna och elapparaterna som finns i huset. Särskilda krav för att få kalla huset för passivhus måste uppfyllas.</p><p>Vi har gjort en enkätundersökning på tre olika passivhusprojekt för att utreda vad de boende tycker om inomhusklimatet. De utvalda projekten finns i Värnamo, Frillesås och Glumslöv. Enkätsvaren visar att de boende i Frillesås är mycket nöjda, medan mer än 50 % av dem som bor i Glumslöv tycker att det är för varmt på sommaren och för kallt på vintern. <strong></strong>För att utreda om de olika konstruktionerna har någon inverkan på inomhusklimatet har beräkningar och simuleringar i datorprogrammen VIP+ och IDA gjorts. Resultaten från de båda programmen visar att vilken av de två konstruktionerna som valts inte bör ha någon påverkan på inomhusklimatet.</p><p> </p> / <p><p>A passive house is a house that is mostly heated with energy from humans and from electric devices in the house. Special requirements need to be followed if you want to call the house a passive house.<strong></strong></p><p>We did a survey on three different passive house projects to investigate the tenants opinion about the indoor climate. The chosen projects are located in Värnamo, Frillesås and Glumslöv. The result of the survey shows that the tenants in Frillesås are very satisfied, while more than 50 % of the tenants in Glumslöv think it’s too hot in the summer and too cold in the winter.</p>To investigate if the construction has any effect on the indoor climate, we did calculations and simulations in the computer programs VIP+ and IDA. The result from both of the programs shows that the chosen construction should not effect the indoor climate.</p>

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Det finns idag många byggnader i Sverige som uppfördes under en tid då energianvändningen inte ansågs vara ett problem och därmed inte har haft samma krav på energiprestanda som vi har idag. Vid renovering är det därför viktigt att tänka på energieffektiva lösningar. Studier visar att det går att sänka energiförbrukningen med 36-54 % genom renovering, dock är det inte alltid lönsamt med vissa åtgärder enligt LCC-analyser.Studien som gjorts genom modellering och platsbesök på ett flerbostadshus med allt för hög energianvändning har haft som mål att sänka denna genom förslag på åtgärder. Resultaten visar att installation av värmeåtervinning och förbättring av klimatskalet har stor effekt på husets energiprestanda. Det har också framgått att boendes inverkan på energibalansen kan vara svår att uppskatta, vilket orsakat svårighet i att teoretiskt få samma energiförbrukning som energideklarationen visar.De förslag som rekommenderas är installation av värmeåtervinning, solceller, individuell mätning och debitering (IMD) samt tätning av fönster/dörr då dessa enligt LCC-analysen är lönsamma. Med nämnda åtgärder har energianvändningen sänkts från 173 till 114 kWh/m2 och år, en sänkning med 34 %. / There are today many buildings in Sweden that were built during a time when energy use was not considered a problem and thus did not have the same energy performance requirements as we have today. Therefore, in renovation, it is important to consider energy-efficient solutions. Studies show that it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of a building by 36-54 % through renovations, however, it is not always profitable when using a LCC-analysis.The study conducted by modeling and site visits to a multi-family housing with excessive energy use has been designed to reduce this through proposed measures. The results show that the installation of heat recovery and improvement of the building envelope have a major effect on the energy performance of the house. It has also been observed that the resident’s impact on the energy balance can be difficult to estimate, in which the study had problems to theoretically gaining the same energy consumption as the energy declaration shows.The proposals that are recommended are installation of heat recovery, solar cells, individual measurement and billing (IMD) and window/door seals as these are profitable according to the LCC analysis. With proposed measures, energy consumption has been reduced from 173 to 114 kWh/m2 per year, a reduction of 34 %.

This paper deals with the sport complex of Brno. This sport complex consist of buildings which are called to increase of sport popularity in the city. One of the largest objekt of them is footbal stadium. Footbal stadium is devided into three main parts of building: spectators area, administrative todether with commentators area, and footbal players area. There is secured parking on -1 level for employees, players and VIP spectators. Of course there are necessary medical, secure and sanitary placements. With the architectural part of view footbal stadium add a reqired part of masterplan composition. As Stadium exist on the cross roads of Pionyrska and Sportovni it supplement around area of its tactic form an closely interact with park "Luzanky" thanks to it's glass fasade. The building is designed to meet every safety regulations regarding evacuation routes and required medical care. It also carries a number of place improvements not only technical and functional, but a lot of with architectural part of view.