Syftet med denna kvalitativa dokumentstudie har varit att analysera rättsliga konstruktioner av barnrättsdiskursen i umgängesmål när föräldern utövat fysiskt eller sexuellt våld mot barnet eller den andre föräldern. Studiens frågeställningar bestod av att besvara hur diskursen kring barnets bästa samt föräldrarätten framställs och konstrueras i tingsrättens bedömningar. För att uppfylla studiens syfte har en tematisk analys av 14 domar om umgänge från en tingsrätt i Sverige 2022 genomförts. Studien har en socialkonstruktionistisk ansats och det teoretiska ramverket består av begreppet diskurs samt ett rättsligt perspektiv. Författarna har undersökt två huvudteman bestående av de två aktuella diskurserna samt flera underkategorier kopplat till tecken som lyfte fram olika aspekter av diskurserna. Under huvudtemat kring barnets bästa hittade författarna tre aspekter som tingsrättens använde för att konstruera begreppet i sina bedömningar. Dessa aspekter bildade underkategorierna; barnets åsikter - barnet som subjekt eller objekt, barnets behov av skydd och barnets behov av en god kontakt med båda föräldrarna. Under huvudtemat diskursen kring föräldrarätten fann författarna två underkategorier, den synliga föräldrarätten och det diskursiva förhållandet mellan barnet och föräldern. Studiens analys visade att de två huvudsakliga spåren tingsrätten gick på i skapandet av diskursen kring barnets bästa var behovet av god kontakt med föräldrar alternativt behovet av att skydda barnet. Vidare visade analysen på brister vad gäller att låta barnen komma till tals i tingsrättens bedömning då beskrivningar av barnets vilja helt saknades i 12 av 23 fall. I 10 av 23 fall beviljades umgänge trots att barnets inte fått komma till tals alternativt att tingsrätten inte tillmätt barnets åsikter betydelse. Vad gäller föräldrarätten hittade författarna tre fall där förälderns behov uttalat påverkade bedömningen. Angående det diskursiva förhållandet mellan barnet och föräldern fann författarna att barnets bästa premieras i 12 fall utifrån att barnets behov av skydd ledde till avslag alternativt att barnets vilja att träffa föräldern var grund för besluetet att asvlå eller bevilja umgänge. I 10 fall ansåg författarna att föräldrarättsdiskursen indirekt premierades framför barnets bästa då behovet av god kontakt med föräldern ledde till beviljat umgänge trots att barnets åsikter inte tillmätts betydelse. Med det sagt, kan det konstateras att tingsrätten i samtliga av sina bedömningar hänvisar till barnets bästa.

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Nurses believe that more liberal visitation policies will cause greater work overload and decrease the quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a liberal visitation policy on work satisfaction, beliefs, and retention of nurses. In this study, nurses were asked to complete a survey before and after implementation of a more liberal visitation policy. The nurses were surveyed using Stamps (1997) Index of Work Satisfaction and the Boswell Beliefs Inventory. Statistical analyses were conducted to discover nurses level of satisfaction and beliefs related to the new policy. Results indicate that nurses were more dissatisfied with the components of pay, task requirements, and organizational policy six months after the new policy was implemented. Beliefs about the new policy did not change over the six month period. Increased dissatisfaction with work indicates that the policy did have an effect on work satisfaction of nurses.

Invasive plants can alter pollination dynamics in invaded communities by disrupting patterns of pollinator visitation, pollen transfer dynamics (conspecific [CP] and heterospecific [HP]), and reproductive success. The direction of invasive effects (competitive, neutral, and facilitative) may be partially determined by spatial scale and species’ floral traits. Here, we investigated pollinator visitation, CP and HP receipt, and pollen tube growth for species in a C. arvense present community and non-present community at two scales. At the community-level, the effect of C. arvense on pollinator visitation varied among species. Floral symmetry seemed to explain this variation. At the floral neighborhood-level, we found competitive effects for pollinator visits and mixed effects on CP deposition. The overall structure of plant-plant HP deposition networks was slightly altered. We observed lower average centrality across shared species in the C. arvense present community suggesting C. arvense had subverted their roles as pollen donors.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is currently used as a green fertilizer for agriculture in northern Sweden. However, due to its low resistance against diseases and a minimal benefit to local pollinators, there is a need to find alternative native species that maximize the benefits for pollinators and agriculture. Garden lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus), another legume, is an invasive alien species in Sweden that may affect the behavior of pollinators and therefore the pollination success of local plant species. The main aim of this study was to increase the knowledge of the legumes cow vetch (Vicia cracca), garden lupin, marsh pea (Lathyrus palustris) and red clover by observing their insect visitors and potential pollinators. The work was divided into subproject 1 (delprojekt 1) and subproject 2 (delprojekt 2). Delprojekt 1 studied insect visitation frequencies in one plot where garden lupin, cow vetch and red clover grew together in Burträsk, while delprojekt 2 studied insect pollination effectivity in two plots where one plot (Fäbodsanden) contained only marsh pea and the other plot (Skäret) contained both garden lupin and marsh pea. Data were collected via field observations. In ‘delprojekt 1', both bumblebees and solitary bees showed a significantly higher visit frequency to garden lupin than to cow vetch and red clover. In ‘delprojekt 2’, flies showed a significantly higher pollination effectivity on garden lupin than on marsh pea in Skäret. Both flies and bumblebees showed a significantly higher pollination effectivity on marsh pea in Fäbodsanden than in Skäret. This indicate that visitation frequencies to cow vetch and red clover as well as pollination effectivity on marsh pea may be affected by the presence/absence of garden lupin. For future studies, examples on how to extend the knowledge even further on plant-pollinator interactions are suggested.

Suicidal ideation and associated behaviors are up to four times more common among jail inmates than the general community (Jenkins et al., 2005; Hayes, 1986). Research finds a variety of social, biological, and psychological factors interact to influence suicidal thoughts of incarcerated individuals (Bonner, 1992; Borrill et al., 2005). Particularly, psychological distress such as, depression and feelings of hopelessness, along with loss of social support and decreased feelings of connectedness have been linked to suicidal ideation and behaviors (Moscicki, 1997; Hawton & van Heeringen, 2009). Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017) has emphasized the importance of connectedness for suicide prevention. Feelings of loneliness and isolation are of particular concern among jail inmates. These factors have been linked to disproportionate rates of suicidal ideation or participation in suicidal behavior among inmates relative to community populations (Biggam & Power, 1997, Chapman et al., 2005, Ivanoff & Jang, 1991, Jenkins et al., 2005, Palmer & Connelly, 2005; Larney et al., 2012; Liebling, 1992, Marzano et al., 2011; Suto & Arnaut, 2010). Using longitudinal data collected from newly incarcerated jail inmates, the current study examines the impact family, social support, and connectedness have on suicide risk and ideation amongst jail inmates. Study findings have potential implications for policy and practice to better identify and manage suicide risk within jail settings.

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Nurse-Family Partnership is a targeted public health intervention program designed to improve child and maternal health through nurse home visiting. Adolescent girls and young women who are pregnant or living in situations of social and economic disadvantage are at increased risk for poor health. Rural living may compound marginalization and create additional challenges for young mothers. In the context of a large-scale process evaluation, I posed the question: “In what ways do Canadian public health nurses explain their experiences with delivering this program across different geographical environments?” This thesis represents a purposeful attempt to examine the experiences of public health nurses as they deliver the Nurse-Family Partnership program across different geographical settings in British Columbia, Canada. The qualitative methodology of interpretive description guided study decisions and data were collected through focus groups and semi-structured interviews with public health nurses delivering the Nurse-Family Partnership program and their supervisors. Consisting of three studies linked by their focus of evaluating Nurse-Family Partnership in British Columbia, this thesis explores influences on program delivery across the rural-urban continuum, including issues related to nurse recruitment, retention, and turnover. Overall, the findings from these analyses suggest that the nature of clients’ place and their associated social and physical geography emphasizes that geography has a significant impact on program delivery for clients who were living with multiple forms of oppression and it worked to reinforce disadvantage. In manuscript one, exploration and description of factors that contribute to recruitment, retention, and turnover of public health nurses delivering Nurse-Family Partnership in British Columbia, Canada are presented. Then manuscript two reflects the factors and challenges of providing the NFP program in rural communities. The final manuscript applies an intersectional lens to reveal how the nature of clients’ place and their associated social and physical geography emphasizes inadequacies of organizational and support structures that create health inequities for clients. The collective work of this thesis emphasises the importance of location as a factor affecting home visitation programs. In rural environments, public health nurses are resourceful and can provide insight into important considerations for program delivery. These may include enhanced use of technology for communicating with supervisors, nurses, or clients through cell phone/videoconferencing or experiencing rugged terrain and extreme weather conditions. Public health nurses practicing in urban areas also have geographical considerations that are location specific, including precariously housed clients whose locations are transient and providing care to clients living in unsafe conditions. Across all environments, time was a valued commodity and effective communication was essential. Supporting nurses as they deliver Nurse-Family Partnership in Canadian communities can help nurse retention in a program with many positive attributes. Working with vulnerable populations, building relationships with clients, regular reflective supervision and team meetings were among the top reasons public health nurses enjoyed being involved in Nurse-Family Partnership. Reasons leading to turnover are also discussed. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Living in social or economic disadvantage is associated with negative health outcomes for Canadian families. Young mothers and their children are one such group at risk for suboptimal health outcomes, creating a significant public health concern. The Nurse-Family Partnership is a targeted public health intervention program designed to improve child and maternal health through nurse home visiting. As this program is evaluated for uptake in Canada, this thesis examines the delivery within the context of Canadian geography. Factors that influence program delivery for public health nurses in Canada are explored.

The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) is an evidence-based public health initiative targeted to young, pregnant, first-time mothers impacted by social and economic disadvantage. This study is part of an embedded qualitative process evaluation from a larger cluster RCT trial. The purpose of this study was to understand NFP supervisor roles, responsibilities, and experiences associated with the uptake of a new IPV intervention by nurse home visitor into existing NFP practice. / The Nurse-Family Partnership® (NFP) is a home visitation program for young pregnant and first-time mothers affected by social and economic disadvantage. In response to intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by women and children involved in the program, a nursing intervention was developed to support nurse home visitors identify and respond to IPV. Within each participating NFP team, supervisors were accountable for facilitating the implementation process of the IPV intervention for uptake into nurse home visitor practice. To understand the functions of NFP supervisors involved with the facilitation of the implementation process for the IPV intervention, an interpretive description approach was utilized involving primary data collection from interviews with 11 supervisors and 2 managers, and triangulated with secondary data from 7 focus groups (n=35 nurses). From this analysis, an NFP supervision framework was developed that included 4 domains, 7 roles, 3 sub-roles and multiple responsibilities. Supervision was found to involve roles and sub-roles functioning in oversight of implementation and others that functioned in the direct implementation of the IPV intervention, forming levels of supervision, and creating a hierarchy. A comprehensive appreciation of NFP supervisor domains, roles, sub-roles and responsibilities enacted during the implementation process is important to help identify the best alignment of human resources, recognize how the NFP can best support supervisors, and to champion achievement of current and future innovation implementation goals. Recommendations of support for supervisors include facilitating educational opportunities, creating transparency of the implementation process, developing a quality improvement strategy, providing supervisor mentorship, improving standardization, and recognizing the competing NFP priorities for supervisors and nurse home visitors. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / The Nurse-Family Partnership® (NFP) is a home visitation program targeted to young mothers, pregnant with their first child. To support nurse home visitors identify and respond to intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by NFP mothers and children, an IPV intervention was developed. Within the NFP implementing agencies, supervisors were instrumental in ensuring the IPV intervention was delivered as intended, forming what is known as the implementation process. This qualitative interpretive descriptive study involved interviews with 11 supervisors and 2 managers, as well as a secondary analysis of 7 focus groups (n=35 nurses) to understand and describe the roles and responsibilities supervisors had within this process. From the analysis of these data, an NFP supervision framework was developed that included articulation of 4 domains, 7 roles, 7 sub-roles and multiple responsibilities affiliated with this position. This framework offers a new language for supervision which may become a first step to better understanding, communicating, and developing supervision in home visitation, and in particular, articulating the functions supervisors are required to lead when faced with the responsibility for implementing a new innovation within their program. It is important to understand NFP supervisor functions of the implementation process to enable NFP strategies that will best support supervisors, ensure responsibilities belong to the right person, and meet implementation goals when adopting evidence into NFP nurse home visiting practice.