Desviando das interpretações tradicionais da obra de Franz Kafka que a tratam sob o aspecto do labirinto, caos, absurdo e burocracia, este trabalho propõe analisar os influxos da tecnologia e media óticos tanto em seus textos biográficos quanto ficcionais. Referente à tecnologia, será trabalhado o aspecto da vida profissional de Kafka, que regularmente é visto unicamente dentro do contexto do trabalho burocrático no escritório da companhia seguradora. Essa parcialidade normalmente negligencia o fato de Kafka ter sido um perito em máquinas e ter como uma de suas principais funções a de fiscalizar os níveis de periculosidade em diversas fábricas. O pressuposto é que esse aspecto não deixou de se infiltrar em sua obra. No sentido das inovações emergentes da época, o trabalho se ocupa, além do aspecto das máquinas, também com as novas formas perceptivas geradas pela experiência urbana. No ponto de vista do trabalho essa experiência urbana se sedimenta nos textos de maneira fortemente visual. Tanto a experiência dos carros e bondes quanto do cinema e Kaiserpanorama geram uma escrita fortemente visual. Assim, se aborda uma possível influência provinda dos media óticos. Quanto a este aspecto se trabalha inicialmente o cinema já que Kafka deixou registros de visitas ao cinematógrafo em muitas de suas anotações, tanto em diários quanto em cartas. O trabalho mostra o quanto esse medium não figurava simplesmente como um divertimento secundário para o autor, mas sim que ele deixou de diversas formas traços em sua escrita. Tais traços são verificados tanto através de temas utilizados pelo cinema mudo quanto na aplicação de técnicas cinematográficas emprestadas à narrativa literária. O segundo medium ótico analisado é o Kaiserpanorama, dispositivo bastante popular no início do século XX, que através de um dispositivo binocular permite assistir uma sequência de fotografias estereoscópicas estáticas com efeito tridimensional. Em seus escritos Kafka deixou manifestações bastante entusiásticas a respeito desse aparelho. A intenção de aproximar a obra kafkiana desses dois media essencialmente tão divergentes entre si, aponta assim uma particularidade de seus textos, ou seja, uma oscilação entre elementos dinâmicos (cinematográficos) e estáticos (fotográficos). / Deviating from traditional interpretations of the works of Franz Kafka that deal with them in terms of the labyrinth, chaos, absurdity and bureaucracy, the purpose of this work is to consider the introduction of technology and visual media on both his fictional and biographical texts. In relation to technology, this work will consider Kafka’s working life, which is usually only seen in the context of his bureaucratic functions with the insurance company. This bias often causes one to overlook the fact that Kafka was an expert in machines and that one of his main functions was to monitor the risk levels in several factories. The present analysis assumes that this part of his life also permeated the substance of his works. This work also considers new perspective forms resulting from the urban experience that manifest themselves in a markedly visual way in his texts. The descriptions of both his experience with cars and trams and that with cinema and Kaiserpanorama generate strong visual images. Records of Kafka’s encounters with cinematographers, in his diaries and letters, support the view that the visual media must be considered as a possible influence on Kafka’s work. This work shows how these media did not simply appear incidentally, but influenced his writing in many ways. Such influences are manifested in the themes of silent movies and in the application of cinematographic techniques borrowed from literary narrative. This work also considers the influence of Kaiserpanorama, a very popular early twentieth century optical medium. In his writings Kafka expresses great enthusiasm for this binocular device which permits a viewer to watch a series of still stereoscopic photographs providing a three-dimensional optical effect. In summary, the intention of this work is to analyze the convergence and combination of dynamic cinematographic influences and static photographic influences on some particular qualities of Kafka’s writings.

Desviando das interpretações tradicionais da obra de Franz Kafka que a tratam sob o aspecto do labirinto, caos, absurdo e burocracia, este trabalho propõe analisar os influxos da tecnologia e media óticos tanto em seus textos biográficos quanto ficcionais. Referente à tecnologia, será trabalhado o aspecto da vida profissional de Kafka, que regularmente é visto unicamente dentro do contexto do trabalho burocrático no escritório da companhia seguradora. Essa parcialidade normalmente negligencia o fato de Kafka ter sido um perito em máquinas e ter como uma de suas principais funções a de fiscalizar os níveis de periculosidade em diversas fábricas. O pressuposto é que esse aspecto não deixou de se infiltrar em sua obra. No sentido das inovações emergentes da época, o trabalho se ocupa, além do aspecto das máquinas, também com as novas formas perceptivas geradas pela experiência urbana. No ponto de vista do trabalho essa experiência urbana se sedimenta nos textos de maneira fortemente visual. Tanto a experiência dos carros e bondes quanto do cinema e Kaiserpanorama geram uma escrita fortemente visual. Assim, se aborda uma possível influência provinda dos media óticos. Quanto a este aspecto se trabalha inicialmente o cinema já que Kafka deixou registros de visitas ao cinematógrafo em muitas de suas anotações, tanto em diários quanto em cartas. O trabalho mostra o quanto esse medium não figurava simplesmente como um divertimento secundário para o autor, mas sim que ele deixou de diversas formas traços em sua escrita. Tais traços são verificados tanto através de temas utilizados pelo cinema mudo quanto na aplicação de técnicas cinematográficas emprestadas à narrativa literária. O segundo medium ótico analisado é o Kaiserpanorama, dispositivo bastante popular no início do século XX, que através de um dispositivo binocular permite assistir uma sequência de fotografias estereoscópicas estáticas com efeito tridimensional. Em seus escritos Kafka deixou manifestações bastante entusiásticas a respeito desse aparelho. A intenção de aproximar a obra kafkiana desses dois media essencialmente tão divergentes entre si, aponta assim uma particularidade de seus textos, ou seja, uma oscilação entre elementos dinâmicos (cinematográficos) e estáticos (fotográficos). / Deviating from traditional interpretations of the works of Franz Kafka that deal with them in terms of the labyrinth, chaos, absurdity and bureaucracy, the purpose of this work is to consider the introduction of technology and visual media on both his fictional and biographical texts. In relation to technology, this work will consider Kafka’s working life, which is usually only seen in the context of his bureaucratic functions with the insurance company. This bias often causes one to overlook the fact that Kafka was an expert in machines and that one of his main functions was to monitor the risk levels in several factories. The present analysis assumes that this part of his life also permeated the substance of his works. This work also considers new perspective forms resulting from the urban experience that manifest themselves in a markedly visual way in his texts. The descriptions of both his experience with cars and trams and that with cinema and Kaiserpanorama generate strong visual images. Records of Kafka’s encounters with cinematographers, in his diaries and letters, support the view that the visual media must be considered as a possible influence on Kafka’s work. This work shows how these media did not simply appear incidentally, but influenced his writing in many ways. Such influences are manifested in the themes of silent movies and in the application of cinematographic techniques borrowed from literary narrative. This work also considers the influence of Kaiserpanorama, a very popular early twentieth century optical medium. In his writings Kafka expresses great enthusiasm for this binocular device which permits a viewer to watch a series of still stereoscopic photographs providing a three-dimensional optical effect. In summary, the intention of this work is to analyze the convergence and combination of dynamic cinematographic influences and static photographic influences on some particular qualities of Kafka’s writings.

This research seeks to analyze the graphical composition of manifestations of caricature in Rio Grande newspapers, from the issue on the strategies used in visual discourse to attract the reader's attention, guide the interpretation, provide information, and even promote the newspaper media. The theoretical and methodological framework is based on Image Theory, which discriminate the morphological, dynamic and scalar elements, that make up the manifestations of caricatures at newspapers Diabrete, Marui and Bisturi, to check the strategies for producing the images meaning and how the visual discourse contributes to the journalistic motives. Although the meanings of an image are not dissociated from its social and historical context of production or its verbal content, if it exists, the fundamental purpose of this dissertation is to understand and explain the power of visual language. This study seeks to demonstrate that, as the name used for this press time, the manifestations of caricatures, by guide the editorial strategy, represent a new genre of communication that shows a simple structure in its elements and, therefore, a strong appeal to reading and forming public opinion, being a resource for the production of information. / Esta pesquisa busca analisar a composição gráfica das manifestações caricaturais em jornais rio-grandinos, partindo da problemática sobre as estratégias utilizadas no discurso visual para atrair a atenção do leitor, orientar a interpretação, fornecer informações e, mesmo, popularizar a mídia jornal. O referencial teórico-metodológico se apoia na Teoria da Imagem, onde se discriminam os elementos morfológicos, dinâmicos e escalares que compõem as manifestações caricaturais dos jornais Diabrete, Marui e Bisturi, para verificar as estratégias de construção de significação das imagens e como o discurso visual contribui para os intuitos jornalísticos. Embora as significações de uma imagem não se dissociem de seu contexto sócio-histórico de produção ou de seu conteúdo verbal, se existente, o intuito fundamental dessa dissertação é entender e explicar a potência da linguagem visual. Procuro demonstrar que, conforme o próprio nome utilizado para essa imprensa de época, as manifestações caricaturais, ao orientarem a estratégia editorial, representam um novo gênero de comunicar que apresenta em seus elementos uma estruturação simples e, por isso, de forte apelo de leitura e formação de opinião, constituindo-se em recursos para a produção de informação.

Considering the current skepticism surrounding the impact and efficacy of nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations, some believe that a unique category of innovator known as the social entrepreneur may be society’s best hope for bringing innovative, scalable, and systemic solutions to bear on the world’s most intractable problems. Social entrepreneurs, as defined by Ashoka, have a unique set of characteristics that determine not only how they move within the world of social change-making but also how they communicate their ideas and mission to the public. This exploratory study reviewed how social entrepreneurs currently use documentary film and visual media in their communications strategy and public relations practice, what that tells us about the emerging culture of social entrepreneurs, and whether documentary, as defined by John Grierson, is an appropriate tool for these organizations. The author interviewed three founders, three communications professionals, and three filmmakers associated with social entrepreneurial organizations and observed a course for student filmmakers learning to make documentaries for social entrepreneurs. The findings of this study suggested that social entrepreneurs used documentary film as a communications tool when it aligned with their stated missions and goals but that cost, time, and control were significant barriers to implementation. Additionally, social entrepreneurs in all phases of development exhibited a unique set of cultural characteristics that interacted with the intent, content, and effect of their films in both positive and negative ways. The author also noted three distinct levels of filmmaker involvement with social entrepreneurial organizations that impacted the intent, content, and effect of their respective films. These levels of involvement are described as collaborative, independent, and interdependent. While the author offers some provocative observations about the role of documentary in social entrepreneurial organizations, this study remains exploratory in nature. She suggests several additional avenues of research that may further the scholarly conversation and continue to shed light on documentary film as communication for and by social entrepreneurs.

No description available.

South Africa has been witnessing an escalation in drug use amongst adolescents in high school. Thus, the main question that motivated this research was: How can a psycho-educational programme, using a selected audio-visual media resource, assist teachers and parents in an effort to prevent adolescent students’ substance abuse problem behaviour? Social cognitive theory (SCT) and self-efficacy theory (SET) were used as a conceptual framework. The study explained these theories in-depth. Adolescent substance abuse was also studied as well as programmes to address this problem. This was followed by a perusal of numerous audio-visual resources for their possible incorporation into prevention programmes. The ‘Above The Influence’ (ATI) resource was selected for the psycho-educational programme which was designed for the study. The programme was put into action during seven sessions over a period of about two months, and implemented with a group of 26 Grade 10 and Grade 11 students in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, to evaluate its relevance for adolescent substance abuse prevention. To evaluate the programme, a qualitative approach was used. The data were gathered during the programme implementation by means of in-person and online focus groups, individual interviews, written open-ended questions, observation notes and follow-up interviews some time after the programme had ended. Eleven principles were identified from the literature to evaluate the potential of the programme to be effective in preventing adolescent substance abuse. In particular the programme needed to increase adolescents’ skills related to studying, communication, peer relationships, self-efficacy, assertiveness, and drug resistance. The programme also had to employ interactive techniques and needed to address the type of drug abuse problem in the local community, for example, the ‘gateway’ substances of marijuana, alcohol and tobacco. In addition, the programme potential was evaluated in the light of SCT and SET. The findings indicated that the psycho-educational programme, using ATI as audiovisual medium, can be used very effectively by teachers to raise students’ awareness and develop particular skills that could contribute towards the prevention of adolescent substance abuse. It is recommended that the programme should be used in the long-term with repeated reinforcing sessions over time. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

O presente trabalho, situado entre as interfaces do cinema, mídia e educação, tem como objetivo identificar e analisar de que forma a dualidade dos conceitos de rural e urbano abordados em filmes, somados às experiências de professores, podem contribuir para a construção de fundamentos para o trabalho pedagógico com material audiovisual particularizado na educação escolar. Através de uma abordagem historiográfica sobre o uso e apropriação social do cinema, evidenciou-se a sua linguagem assimilada pela mídia moderna e tecnológica como um traço de destaque da cultura que atua como um instrumento educativo e formativo para os sujeitos e, ao mesmo tempo que possibilita o acesso ao conhecimento, contribui para visualização de conceitos e para o entretenimento. Por outro lado, esta linguagem pode atuar, também, para reforçar ideias errôneas, naturalizar conceitos e reforçar estereótipos. Na sequência, para compreender as possibilidades de utilização do audiovisual, explorou-se quatro filmes: Central do Brasil (1998); Tapete Vermelho (2006); Desenvolvimento para quem? (2013) e À margem dos trilhos (2014). A análise teve como foco explorar o discurso e as representações sobre rural e urbano; a dicotomia presente neste discurso constrói uma ideia antagônica, reforçando signos que se estabelecem em uma relação de oposição ao invés de interdependência. Posteriormente, com vistas a experiência consolidada da educação midiática na Inglaterra, escolheu este contexto para dialogar com esta pesquisa e foram realizadas 14 entrevistas com professores com intuito de conhecer o trabalho com o uso de filmes em sala de aula. Por meio da interface entre a linguagem cinematográfica, análise fílmica e entrevistas, discutiu-se fundamentos que subsidiam o trabalho pedagógico com cinema na educação escolar. Desse modo, a criação de uma disciplina de educação midiática se mostrou como alternativa viável, haja vista a mídia como um instrumento arrojado da cultura, capaz de levar ao autoconhecimento e criar representações involuntárias que, como significação e parte da visão de mundo orienta a ação do sujeito. / The present research, sitting between the interfaces of cinema, media and education, aims to identify and analyze how the duality into the concepts of rural and urban approached in films, added to the experiences of teachers, can contribute to the formulating of tenets for teaching with audiovisual material in classroom. Through a historiographical approach on the use and social framed of cinema, it was emphasized its language imbibed by modern and technological media as a culture highlight that acts as an educational and formative tool for the subjects. And at the same time allows access to knowledge, contributes to grasping of concepts and for entertainment. On the other hand, such language can also act to reinforce erroneous ideas, naturalize concepts and reinforce stereotypes. Following this, in order to understand the possibilities of audiovisual use, four films were explored: Central do Brasil (1998); Tapete Vermelho (2006); Desenvolvimento para quem? (2013) and À margem dos trilhos (2014). The analysis focused on exploring the speech and representations of rural and urban; the dichotomy present in this discourse builds an antagonistic idea, reinforcing signs that establish the relationship of opposition rather than interdependence. Subsequently, regarding to the consolidate experience of media education in England, 14 interviews were carried out with teachers in order to understand the use of films in classroom. Through the interface between the cinematographic language, film analysis and interviews, we discussed fundamentals that support the teaching practice in schools. Thus, the set up of a media literacy subject on the curriculum proves to be a viable alternative, as the media is a bold instrument of culture, able of leading to self-knowledge and creating involuntary representations, guiding a worldview that guides the people action.

The influence of new media on theatrical practice over the past fifty years has spurred a movement towards theatrical forms which are increasingly organized around the sensory elements of performance. This change is most noticeable in the visual approaches to theatre, and it has produced what I have labeled a theatre of visuality. This thesis argues that the tendencies for visualization found in visual media have extensively marked the performance strategies of contemporary theatre practice, resulting in a shift away from the logocentric dramatic text and towards theatre performance organized around the visual. Looking at four contemporary productions of Georg Buchner’s Woyzeck –Thomas Ostermeier’s Woyzeck (2005), Vesturport’s Woyzeck (2005), Robert Wilson’s Woyzeck (2000), and Josef Nadj’s Woyzeck ou l’Ébauche du Vertige (1994)– this thesis produces a preliminary typology of four distinct visualities/theatrical forms which make up the theatre of visuality: hyperrealism, synesthesia, superficiality, and visual narration. This thesis contributes to the conceptualization and understanding of postdramatic theatre by linking the theatre’s rejection of the text to the increased centrality of the visual in performance, and by tracing these shifts to the influence of visual media.

During the last decades, the presence of visual media has increased dramatically. However, very little empirical research has been carried out to determine the implication of the medium photograph as a visual information transmitter. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the characteristics of professional press photos that relate to war and armed conflicts and to examine the framing of victimhood. A thorough literature review as well as an iconographic interpretation of World Press Photos serves to ascertain data in order to permit answering the research questions.   The World Press Photo Foundation is the subject of research as it represents the most prestigious international competition for press photography at present and thus acts as an agenda-setter. That highlights the implication of its decisions about professional photographs since its coverage of certain issues biases the international media coverage of the same. It also affects the development of professional photojournalism. In this context the meaning of photographs in today’s visual media societies can be discussed.

Am 28. April 2009 überreichten Repräsentanten der deutschen Archive und Bibliotheken Bundespräsident Horst Köhler eine Denkschrift der Allianz Schriftliches Kulturgut erhalten. Barbara Schneider-Kempf (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin), Thomas Bürger (Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden), Bernd Kappelhoff (Landesarchiv Hannover) und Michael Knoche (Herzogin Anna Amalia-Bibliothek Weimar) hatten im Jahr 2008 diese Denkschrift erarbeitet, die nun gedruckt vorliegt und im Schloss Bellevue vorgestellt wurde.