With the dynamics of the growing population of native Spanish-speaking students in America’s public schools, two-way dual language immersion programs are increasing in number. A series of observations and interviews in a dual language program by the researcher led to the identification of the use of visuals as a prevalent component integrated in instruction. This dominant instructional strategy led to questions of how visuals might affect student performance. Previous studies had not focused specifically on questions with a visual prompt and questions without a visual prompt. The purpose of this study was to answer several questions focused on differences in student performance on nonvisual and visual questions. The research questions used to achieve this purpose included a comparison of Mathematics TAKS Test scaled scores for students in a two-way dual language immersion program and students enrolled in a monolingual educational program, an analysis comparing these two groups of students on nonvisual and various categories of visual questions, an analysis of the performance of both groups of students based on the comparison of nonvisual questions to subsets of visual questions, and an analysis of an interaction effect and main effects of question type and group based on educational setting. A quasi-experimental design with static-group comparison was used for the purposes of this study. Data were collected from the Texas Education Agency [TEA] for all students who took the Spring 2009 version of the Grade 3 or Grade 4 Mathematics TAKS Test in English or Spanish. Data from a total of 6,904 students were used in the study. Data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics and ANOVAs. A statistically significant difference was found in overall scaled score comparisons between the two groups of students on the Spanish version of the Grade 4 Test. Major findings of the study included a higher performance shown on most subsets of visual questions compared to nonvisual questions for both groups of students involved in this study. Two-way dual language immersion students scored higher than students in a monolingual English program on most subsets of visual questions, but no interaction effect occurred between question type and group.

Published Article / This article reviews research on learning with external representations and provides a theoretical background on how to optimize learning from external representations. General factors, such as the type of material to be learned, learner characteristics and the testing method, are some of the variables that can determine if graphic medium can increase a subject's comprehension and if such comprehension can be accurately measured. These factors are discussed and represented by a model to suggest how external representations can be effectively used in a learning environment. Two key conclusions are drawn from the observation made in these studies. Firstly, the proper design of a particular external representation and supporting text can promote relevant activities that ultimately contribute to fuller understanding of the content. Secondly, external representations must be developed to address the size complexity and variety of the content that must be analysed in order to extract knowledge for scientific discovery.

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Visuals play an important role in the healthcare field; students learning anatomy and physiology, patient education materials, and public infographics all rely on the effective communication of textual material in graphic form. The goal of this thesis is to contribute visual material that takes the form of signaling pathways and comparison of different disorder states as material for use in the university setting. In order to produce reliable visuals, a literature review was completed.

Relevance has been applied to various conditions in the marketing literature but no single definition has been developed. A single clear definition will be helpful to researchers investigating relevance in the marketing and consumer behavior fields. Confusion also exists in the literature regarding to what extent a symbolic visual in an advertisement is relevant. Many researchers are also calling for empirical evidence of a linkage between relevance and response through a theoretical measure of relevance. The central theory used in this dissertation is Sperber and Wilson's (1995) theory of relevance (TOR). TOR can help researchers and marketing managers by explaining how consumers may interpret visuals in advertising. TOR explains why some visuals thought to be unconnected with the product become relevant in advertising. This study makes the assertion that TOR has been underutilized and even ignored by some researchers in past marketing literature. Thus, TOR is used to provide greater explanatory power of consumers' interpretation and response to advertising visuals than what is currently realized by researchers and marketing managers. A reliable measure of relevance was developed using TOR as a foundation. Experiments were conducted to empirically test TOR and support was found for most aspects of the theory. This dissertation makes several contributions to the consumer behavior literature. These contributions include: 1) clarifying the definition of relevance in advertising, 2) developing a tentative measure of relevance, 3) providing an explanation of how non-relevant visuals produce effects expected for relevant visuals as occurred in experiments conducted by Mitchell and Olson (1981) and Miniard, Bhatla, Lord, Dickson and Unnava (1991), 4) showing how relevance of symbolic visuals in advertisements relates to specific consumer responses, and 5) offering suggestions for how the theory of relevance can be used by researchers and marketing managers to gain a better understanding of consumers' interpretation of advertising visuals.

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<p> Kittens were raised with early visual input restricted to horizontal, vertical, or oblique (45°) lines to determine the oculomotor consequences of such early restriction, and the limits of early neural plasticity. {i) All animals developed pendular nystagmus (frequency 3-5 Hz) which appeared to be related to active visual search, and was lowest in amplitude for animals exposed to oblique lines. (ii) Many cats developed convergent squint which was most severe for those exposed to horizontal lines. (iii) Abnormal binocular functioning of visual cortical units was found in all restricted animals. (iv) The stimulus orientation of maximum response corresponded to the experienced orientation for most units encountered in the animals exposed to vertical or horizontal lines. (v) In animals exposed to oblique lines all stimulus orientations appeared to be represented in the cortex; units responding maximally to the experienced orientation were not most often encountered. The results were discussed in terms of possible anatomical constraints on visual plasticity and a preliminary model of visual development was explored. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Cette thèse offre une étude comparative qui fait appel aux productions filmiques et littéraires d’artistes francophones, afin de mieux saisir les notions de migration et de transculturalité dans leurs œuvres. Ces thèmes sont analysés de part des notions de genre, de sexualité et de trauma dans les productions cinématographiques de Ousmane Sembène, Lionel Steketee (avec Fabrice Eboué et Thomas N’gijol), Moussa Touré et Yamina Benguigui. Dans le champ de la littérature francophone, sont analysées les œuvres de Fabienne Kanor, Gisèle Pineau, Maryse Condé et Myriam Warner-Vieyra. L’étude des configurations migratoires et transculturelles du migrant dans les arts visuels est suivie de l’examination des enjeux identitaires et questions d’exploitations du corps de la femme noire ainsi que l’acte de la mémoire dans les œuvres romanesques de Kanor et de Pineau. Le dernier point d’analyse se centre sur les œuvres de Maryse Condé et de Myriam Warner-Vieyra afin de mettre en exergue les procédés par lesquels la transculturalité mène à la réalisation d’une littérature monde. L’observation des configurations géoculturelles des migrants permettra de mieux saisir les complexes notions d’intégration qui s’opèrent dans les pays d’accueil. Cette approche interdisciplinaire nous amène à explorer les notions de genre, de sexualité, de trauma, de construction identitaire et de résistance dans les arts visuels et dans la littérature francophone d’artistes de la diaspora africaine. Elle permet également de mieux comprendre leurs contributions au renouveau de la création littéraire et de la production cinématographique francophone. This thesis offers a comparative study that centers on the filmic and literary productions of Francophone artists. It provides an examination of notions of migration and transculturality in their works. These themes are analyzed through issues of gender, sexuality and trauma in the cinematographic productions of Ousmane Sembène, Lionel Steketee (with Fabrice Eboué and Thomas N'gijol), Moussa Touré and Yamina Benguigui. In the field of Francophone literature, this analysis expands to the works of Fabienne Kanor, Gisèle Pineau, Maryse Condé and Myriam Warner-Vieyra. Looking at film, we first observe the migrants' migratory and transcultural configurations. A second phase of analysis focuses on an examination of issues of identity formation, the exploitation of black women and the act of memory in the novels of Kanor and Pineau. The last point of analysis centers on the works of Maryse Condé and Myriam Warner-Vieyra to highlight the processes through which transculturality leads to a "littérature-monde." Through a critical study of the migrants' geocultural configurations, this thesis stresses the complex issues of integration that take place in the host country. This interdisciplinary study is an exploration of notions of gender, sexuality, trauma, identity construction and resistance in the visual and literary productions of Francophone artists from the African Diaspora. It also provides a better understanding of these artists' contribution to the renewal of literary creation and that of francophone film production.

Submitted by Verena Pereira (verenagoncalves@uefs.br) on 2018-07-09T21:47:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao__final.pdf: 1378964 bytes, checksum: 0688c8e1f2a03519ff40f07649e30868 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-09T21:47:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao__final.pdf: 1378964 bytes, checksum: 0688c8e1f2a03519ff40f07649e30868 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are composed of several devices, powered by bat- teries, distributed by the monitored area, where the use of internet networks is not applied. They have been gaining a lot of space because of the flexibility of appli- cations and their low implementation cost. With the improvement and cheapening of sensors equipped with cameras, and with their integration with the WSN, the Wireless Visual Sensors Networks (WVSN) have appeared, increasing, thus, the possibilities of possible applications. However, visual data demand greater proces- sing in their actions, potentially generating a greater energy consumption, making it necessary to better evaluate the useful life for the network. Therefore, this paper proposes to develop a mathematical model suitable for wireless visual sensor network that can estimate energy consumption. In addition, a tool was developed that im- plemented the proposed model, which in turn, was promising, obtaining satisfactory results, mainly in the area of image capture / Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) s?o compostas por v?rios dispositivos, alimentados por baterias, distribu?dos pela ?rea monitorada, onde o uso de redes de internet n?o ? aplicado. Elas v?m ganhando muito espa?o devido a flexibilidade de aplica??es e do seu baixo custo de implementa??oo. Com o melhoramento e barateamento de sensores equipados com c?meras, e com a sua integra??o com as RSSF, surgiram as Redes de Sensores Visuais em Fio (RSVSF), aumentando, assim, as possibilidades de aplica??es poss?veis. Todavia, dados visuais demandam maior processamento em suas a??es, gerando potencialmente um maior consumo energ?tico, fazendo-se ent?o necess?rio uma melhor avalia??o do tempo de vida ?til para a rede. Portanto, esse trabalho se prop?e a desenvolver um modelo matem?tico pr?prio para rede de sensores visuais sem fio que possa estimar consumo de energia. Al?m disso, foi desenvolvido uma ferramenta que implementasse o modelo proposto. O modelo proposto se mostrou promissor, obtendo resultados satisfat?rios, principalmente no quesito de captura de imagens