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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Influência da diminuição da temperatura sobre o fuso meiótico de oócitos de camundongas e de mulheres maturados in vitro / Low temperature influence on meiotic oocyte spindle of mice and humans after maturation in vitro

Gomes, Claudia Messias 14 June 2011 (has links)
Introdução: O fuso meiótico dos oócitos de mamíferos pode se despolimerizar quando exposto a pequenas variações de temperatura. Este fato já está bem estabelecido e estudado em oócitos maduros em metáfase II (MII). No entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito da influência da diminuição da temperatura sobre o fuso meiótico dos oócitos imaturos. Desse modo, este estudo tem como objetivos: 1) avaliar a influência da diminuição da temperatura sobre o fuso meiótico de oócitos de camundongas maturados in vitro e 2) avaliar o fuso meiótico em oócitos humanos maturados in vitro submetidos à criopreservação pela técnica de congelação lenta ou por vitrificação quando em estágio de vesícula germinativa. Métodos: Realizaram-se dois experimentos, denominados 1 e 2, sendo o primeiro em oócitos de camundongas e o segundo em oócitos humanos. No experimento 1 oócitos imaturos de camundongas nos estágios de metáfase I (MI), telófase I(TI) e MII foram cultivados nas seguintes temperaturas: 37º C (controle), temperatura ambiente (22oC) e 4º C por 0, 10, 30 e 60 minutos. Após este período de tempo o fuso meiótico oocitário foi avaliado por meio de microscopia de luz polarizada (MLP) (LC-Polscope-Oosight image software) e imunocitoquímica (IC). No experimento 2 oócitos em estágio de vesícula germinativa (GV) coletados de pacientes submetidas à indução da ovulação e fertilização in vitro, foram divididos de forma randômica em três grupos: oócitos a fresco (A), oócitos congelados pela técnica de congelação lenta (B) e oócitos congelados pela técnica de vitrificação (C). Os oócitos a fresco, os descongelados e os aquecidos foram maturados in vitro até estágio de (MII). A análise do fuso meiótico foi realizada por microscópio invertido equipado com uma câmera de vídeo analógica e um sistema de imagens que combina luz polarizada em cristal líquido (ICSI Guard Octax). Resultados: Experimento 1: No tempo 0 e à 37º C, todos os oócitos apresentavam o fuso meiótico visível tanto pela MLP quanto pela IC. À 4º C, o número de oócitos em MI com fuso meiótico visível por meio da MLP foi menor do que com a IC, e descresceu com o tempo, fato que também ocorreu, em menor proporção, com os oócitos em TI. No entanto, a 4º C, o reconhecimento do fuso meiótico dos oócitos em TI foi semelhante tanto para MLP como para IC. Quando os oócitos MII foram expostos à 4º C, a detecção do fuso meiótico teve descréscimo diretamente proporcional ao tempo de cultura quando foi utilizada a MLP, sendo que o mesmo ocorreu para a IC, porém de forma menos pronunciada. À temperatura ambiente houve um pequeno descéscimo na visualização do fuso meiótico tanto por MLP quanto por IC, porém este não foi estatisticamente significativo para os oócitos em TI. Experimento 2: A taxa de sobrevivência imediatamente após o descongelamento/ aquecimento foi de 44,6% para o grupo B e de 79% para o grupo C. Após 24 horas em cultura , estas taxas passaram para 29,2% e 69%, respectivamente. A mediana de tempo para maturação foi de 26 horas para os grupos A e C, e de 27 horas para o grupo B. Ao final da maturação in vitro a porcentagem de oócitos em MII foi menor no grupo B e semelhante nos grupos A e C. Assim como para a detecção do fuso meiótico que foi menor no grupo B e similar nos grupos A e C. Conclusões: Houve diferença na porcentagem de despolimerização do fuso meiótico em resposta à baixa temperatura entre os oócitos de camundongas nos diferentes estágios da divisão meiótica, sendo menor nos oócitos em TI. A porcentagem de despolimerização do fuso meiótico foi diretamente proporcional ao tempo de cultivo, à exceção dos oócitos em TI à temperatura ambiente. Os oócitos hmanos em GV vitrificados apresentaram melhores taxas de sobrevivência quando comparados com oócitos humanos em GV criopreservados pelo congelamento lento. Os oócitos humanos em GV vitrificados apresentaram taxas semelhantes de maturação in vitro e detecção do fuso meiótico polimerizado quando comparados a oócitos a fresco / Introduction: The meiotic spindle of most mammals is sensitive to cooling and depolymerizes even after a slight reduction in temperature. This is well described and studied on matured oocytes at metaphase II (MII). However, little is known about the influence of low temperatures under meiotic spindle of imature oocytes. In this way, we sougth to evaluate: 1) the influence of low temperatures on mice oocyte meiotic spindle matured in vitro e 2) the oocyte meiotic spindle from human oocytes matured in vitro and cryopreserved by slow-rate freezing or vitrification at GV stage. Methods: Two experiments were done: the first one on mice and the second one on women.At experiment 1, immature mice oocytes at metaphase I (MI), telophase I (TI) and MII were cultured at 37º C (control), room temperature (22oC) and 4º C for 0, 10, 30 and 60 minutes and then spindle analysis was made with polarized light microscopy (PLM) (LC-Polscope-Oosight image software) or immunocytochemistry (ICC). At experiment 2, GV oocytes retrieved from women submitted to ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization were randomly divided in three groups: fresh oocytes (A), cryopreserved by slow-freezing (B) and cryopreserved by vitrification (C). Fresh, thawed and warmed oocytes were matured in vitro to metaphase II oocytes (MII). A meiotic spindle analysis was done by polarized light microscopy (ICSI Guard Octax). Results: Experiment 1: At time 0 min and 37º C, all oocytes had polymerized spindles both at PLM or ICC. At 4º C, the number of MI oocytes with detectable spindles at PLM was smaller than those analysed by ICC, and it decreased with time, which had also occured with TI oocytes at a smaller proportion. However, at 4º C, TI meiotic spindle recognition with polarized light microscopy and ICC was comparable. When MII oocytes were cultured at 4º C, the spindle visualization decreased proportionally in correlation with culture time at PLM, and the same happened with ICC in a less pronounced manner. At room temperature there was a little descrease regarding visualization of meiotic spindle, both at PLM and ICC, altought it was not significant for TI oocytes. Experiment 2: Oocyte survival immediately after thawing/warming were 44.6% for group B and 79% for group C. After 24 hours of culture, oocyte survival was 29.2% and 69%, respectively. The median time for maturation was 26 hours for groups A and C, and 27 hours for group B. The percentage of MII after maturation in vitro were smaller in group B and similar between groups A and C. The same oocured for spindle visualization which were lower in group B and similar between groups A and C. Conclusions: There was a difference on the percentages of meiotic spindle depolymerization in response to cooling in mice oocytes at different stages of meiotic division. Spindle depolymerization was lower in TI. Also, meiotic spindle depolimerization was proportional to culture time, except for TI oocytes at room temperature.Vitrified GV oocytes had a better survival when warmed, compared to slow-rate frozen oocytes. Vitrified GV oocytes had similar maturation in vitro rates and polymerized spindles detection when compared to fresh oocytes
42

Estudo da ação antioxidante de melatonina em embriões bovinos frescos e criopreservados produzidos in vitro1 / Evaluation of melatonin antioxidant properties upon fresh and cryopreserved in vitro produced bovine embryos

Nicolau, Samir Saldanha 29 June 2012 (has links)
Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da melatonina sobre a qualidade e as taxas de blastocistos bovinos PIV. A melatonina é um poderoso eliminador de radicais livres e tem efeitos benéficos na PIV de algumas espécies. Foram feitas sessões de PIV (n=12), sendo aspirados os folículos (2 a 7 mm) de ovários obtidos de abatedouro. Complexos cumulus oócito (COCs) que apresentavam cumulus compacto e oócito com citoplasma homogêneo foram selecionados e randomicamente distribuídos ente os grupos controle (GC) e tratado com Melatonina (GM). Submetidos a MIV por 22h em 400&micro;l de TCM199(Dia-1). Para a FIV COCs foram transferidos para 400&micro;l de meio de fertilização, inseminado com sêmen descongelado previamente submetido ao gradiente descontínuo de Percoll&reg;, e incubados por 18h (dia0). As células do cumulus dos presumíveis zigotos foram removidas com hialuronidase e pipetagem sucessiva, sendo então cultivados (CIV) em 400&micro;l de KSOM- BSA (Dia 1). No Dia 3, foi avaliada a taxa de clivagem em estereomicroscópio e adicionados 400&micro;l KSOM-20% SFB. No Dia 5, 200&micro;l de meio foram removidos e 400&micro;l KSOM-10% SFB adicionado. No dia 7 foi avaliado o estágio de desenvolvimento dos embriões, e as porcentagens calculadas em relação ao total de presumíveis zigotos. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados em placa de 4 poços (Nunc Multidishes&reg;) sem cobertura de óleo mineral Na MIV e no CIV, os grupos receberam ou 0ng/ml ou 50ng/ml de melatonina, GC e GM, respectivamente. No Dia 7, de 4 sessões de PIV, todos os blastocistos expandidos foram corados com Iodeto de Propídeo e Hoechst 33342. Os demais blastocistos expandidos, das outras sessões, foram vitrificados, assim como todos os presentes no Dia 8. Uma amostra deste meio foi retirada para avaliação da concentração de espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Posteriormente os embriões foram descongelados e cultivados para a avaliação do efeito da melatonina sobre os embriões no cultivo pós-descongelação. A análise estatística foi feita usando SAS system for Windows 9.2&reg;. Dados paramétricos foram submetidos ao teste T de Student e os não paramétricos ao Wilcoxon, diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p<0,05. Blastocistos expandidos do GM apresentaram maior número de células, sendo que estas apresentaram porcentagem menor de ruptura de membrana que os do GC. A melatonina não influenciou as taxas de clivagem, de blastocistos no Dia 7 nem a taxa de blastocistos passíveis de vitrificação. Não foi observado efeito da melatonina sobre a tolerância dos embriões à vitrificação nem no período de cultivo após o descongelamento. Inesperadamente, a melatonina aumentou a concentração de TBARS no meio. A melatonina melhorou a qualidade embrionária, contudo suas propriedades antioxidantes não foram evidenciadas. / This aimed to evaluate melatonin effect over bovine embryo quality and rates on in vitro embryo production procedures (IVP). Melatonin is an effective free radical scavenger and beneficial effects of melatonin have been demonstrated in IVP for some species. Embryo production sessions (12) were performed; follicles (2 to 7 mm) were aspirated from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries. Cumulusoocyte complexes (COCs) who had a compact cumulus and oocyte with homogeneous cytoplasm were selected and randomly allocated (35 to 55 per group) on either control Group (CG) or Melatonin Treatment Group (MG). COCs underwent in vitro maturation (IVM) for 22 hours in 400&micro;l of TCM199 (Day -1). For in vitro fertilization (IVF) COCs were moved to fertilization medium 400&micro;l and were inseminated with previously submitted to discontinuous PercollTM gradient, frozenthawed semen, incubated for 18 hours (Day 0). After IVF presumptive zygotes were striped from remaining cumulus cells by incubation with hyaluronidase and gentile pipetting, then moved to 400&micro;l of KSOM- BSA (Day 1). On Day 3 embryos were inspected under a stereomicroscope to evaluate cleavage rate, and 400&micro;l KSOM-20% FCS was added. On Day 5 200&micro;l of medium were removed and 400&micro;l KSOM-10% FCS was added. On Day 7 embryos were evaluated regarding their developmental stage, percentages (%) were calculated over the total of presumptive zygotes, expanded blastocysts were vitrified. All procedures were performed on a Nunc MultidishesTM 4 well dish without mineral oil overlay. During IVM and IVC groups received either 0ng/ml or 50 ng/ml of melatonin, CG and MG respectively. On Day 7 out of 4 replicates all expanded blastocysts were dyed with Propidium Iodide and Hoechst. Remaining expanded blastocysts ass well as all the expanded blastocysts on Day 8 were vitrified. A medium sample was withdrawn for thiobarbituric acid assay (TBARS). Latter embryos were thawed and cultured aiming to evaluate melatonin effect over cryotolerance and post thaw culture system. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS system for Windows 9.2TM parametric data was submitted to student T-test and non parametric to Wilcoxon. Differences were considered meaningful when p<0,05. Expanded blastocysts from MG presented more cells and less cells with ruptured membrane than the ones from CG. But melatonin treatment neither influenced cleavage nor Blastocyst rates on Day 7, nor the rate of blastocysts that can be vitrified. Neither over embryos cryotolerance nor over post thaw culture system. Unexpectedly melatonin increased TBARS levels on medium. Melatonin improves bovine embryo quality however its antioxidant properties were not demonstrated.
43

Développement de stratégies de gestion du combustible HTR

Guittonneau, Fabrice 28 October 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Dans un souci de réduction du volume de déchets nucléaires et de revalorisation des matières combustibles, une stratégie de gestion du combustible des réacteurs à haute température (HTR) est développée dans cette étude. La réduction de volume passe par la séparation des particules TRISO hautement radioactives et du graphite faiblement radioactif (les deux étant réunis dans un assemblage de combustible appelé "compact") tandis que le recyclage total nécessite la séparation du coeur de la particule, valorisable, et de sa gangue, déchet ultime. Les méthodes de séparation doivent préserver l'intégrité des TRISO afin d'empêcher la fuite des radioéléments. Ainsi, le traitement de choc thermique entre l'azote liquide et l'eau chaude permet une division partielle des compacts mais ne permet de récupérer que peu de particules. L'érosion du graphite par jet d'eau à haute pression présente le risque de fracturer les particules. La combustion totale du carbone libère toutes les billes. Le traitement des compacts par les ultrasons dans l'eau érode le graphite en fonction de l'intensité de travail, des direction et distance d'attaque, de la température et du gaz de saturation, nettoyant les particules. L'attaque acide des compacts par un mélange H2O2 + H2SO4 provoque l'intercalation du graphite par l'acide, faisant gonfler la structure et libérant ainsi les billes intactes. Les TRISO d'une part et leurs gangues d'autre part ont ensuite été vitrifiées par frittage de manière à obtenir une forte densité, jusqu'à un taux de 25% vol. Enfin, la lixiviation des composites dans l'eau ultrapure à 90°C montre de fortes propriétés de confinement.
44

Etude de la cryoconservation d'apex en vue d'une conservation à long terme de collections de ressources génétiques végétales : compréhension des phénomènes mis en jeu et évaluation de la qualité du matériel régénéré sur le modèle pelargonium

Gallard, Anthony 21 October 2008 (has links) (PDF)
La conservation des ressources génétiques végétales est un défi majeur, le maintien de la biodiversité étant capital pour répondre aux besoins des générations futures. Ce travail de thèse, s'inscrivant dans cette démarche de conservation, a été réalisé sur Pelargonium, plante ornementale multipliée végétativement. Un procédé de cryoconservation d'apex par « dropletvitrification » a été mis en place avec succès sur P. x peltatum ‘Balcon Lilas'. Avec un taux de régénération moyen de 40 % obtenu sur 28 taxons testés, la constitution d'une cryobanque est maintenant possible. L'optimisation de la survie post-cryoconservation passant par une meilleure connaissance des effets des solutions cryoprotectrices sur les cellules, des études microscopiques faisant appel notamment à la RTM (Real Time Microscopy) et la CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) ont été pratiquées. Elles ont permis de mettre en évidence, d'une part que la solution de vitrification (PVS2) provoque une contraction importante et rapide des cellules en agissant sur les parois et d'autre part que la solution de charge (LS), outre son rôle d'osmoticum, atténue les altérations dues à PVS2. Les travaux sur la régénération in vitro à partir d'apex ont montré que celle-ci était le plus souvent directe ce qui peut favoriser le maintien de la conformité. Ainsi, une plante obtenue après régénération d'un apex cryoconservé ou non, ne présente pas de modifications phénotypiques sauf chez certains cultivars chimériques. Enfin, des tests ELISA ont montré une augmentation du taux d'assainissement lors d'une régénération après cryoconservation par rapport à une simple culture d'apex pour deux virus (PFBV et PLPV). Cependant les immunolocalisations réalisées ont mis en évidence que les virus étaient toujours présents dans les apex, l'élimination n'étant que partielle. L'augmentation de ces connaissances devrait permettre une utilisation à plus grande échelle de la cryoconservation participant ainsi à une meilleure gestion de la conservation des ressources génétiques par une offre stratégique plus importante.
45

The Evaluation of the Mechanical Strength of Epoxy-Based Resin as a Plugging Material, and the Development of a Novel Plug and Abandon Technique Using Vitrified Solid Epoxy-Based Resin Beads

Abuelaish, Ahmed 2012 May 1900 (has links)
Over the past several years, some of the platforms in the Gulf of Mexico have been damaged completely, such that conventional P&A operations may not be possible. In these cases, plugging fluid needs to be pumped through an intervention well and dropped several thousand feet in water to settle above a packer and seal the well. The current P&A material of choice is cement, but cement is miscible in water, which dilutes and contaminates the cement. Therefore, alternate plugging materials need to be used for these operations. This paper discusses the development of a cost-effective Epoxy P&A method and the challenges of using Epoxy. First, the impact of seawater, oil, and pipe dope on the curing process remains unknown. Secondly, the yield strength of Epoxy with and without the contaminating chemicals must be equal to or better than cement. Finally, previous tests have shown significant losses of Epoxy to the walls of the wellbore during the 7,000-ft drop. 2 High temperature curing and compression tests were performed on contaminated epoxy samples to determine the effectiveness of the epoxy plug. To reduce material losses, an improved method for introducing the epoxy into the target zone was developed. This method takes advantage of a narrow window in the cure process where the curing process can be suspended by quenching the partially cured liquid epoxy in water at room temperature, thereby changing the liquid epoxy into solid beads. The beads can then be pumped into the wellbore, where they liquefy at wellbore temperature, 200°F, then cure into a solid plug. Seawater was found to accelerate the cure time, while all contaminants tested reduced the fracture strength by more than 25% compared to pure resin. The yield strengths of contaminant mixtures, however, remained relatively constant, with the greatest drop being only 11%. The use of solid epoxy beads was found to have a compressive strength 50% greater than Portland cements I&II. In addition, the application mentioned herein eliminates the need to prepare the plug material on site. These advantages greatly contribute to reducing the costs of an epoxy P&A operation, to potentially being USD 0.7 million cheaper than a Portland cement operation.
46

Cryopreservation effects on the in vitro and in vivo function of a model pancreatic substitute

Lawson, Alison N. 29 March 2011 (has links)
The effects of two types of cryopreservation, conventional freezing and vitrification, on the in vitro and in vivo function of a pancreatic substitute were investigated. Conventional freezing uses low concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPAs), slow cooling and rapid warming and allows ice formation. Vitrification requires high concentrations of CPAs coupled with rapid cooling and warming to achieve a vitreous, or ice-free, state. A previously published mathematical model describing the mass transfer of CPAs through the alginate matrix of the substitute and the cell membrane was expanded to incorporate heat transfer as well as CPA cytotoxicity. Our results indicate that temperature of exposure is the most critical parameter for the proper design of CPA addition and removal protocols. The use of a mathematical model is critical to ensure CPA equilibration and minimize CPA exposure. Properly designed CPA addition and removal protocols were used for vitrification. The effects of cryopreservation on the biomaterial and the cellular function of a pancreatic substitute consisting of murine insulinomas encapsulated in calcium alginate/poly-L-lysine/alginate beads were assessed. In vitro results indicate that both vitrification and conventionally frozen perform comparably to fresh. However, in vivo studies reveal that vitrified beads perform worse than both conventionally frozen and fresh beads. With adjustments, it may be possible to improve the performance of the vitrified beads. Nevertheless, for this pancreatic substitute, conventional freezing is the better method and allows successful cryopreservation.
47

Optimization of high-level waste loading in a borosilicate glass matrix by using chemical durability modeling approach

Mohammad, Javeed. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Chemical Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
48

Open pulled straw vitrification of murine and caprine embryos and timed deep uterine insemination of goats / Open pulled straw Vitrifikation von murine und caprine Embryonen und Terminorienterten Tiefuteriner Besamung von Ziegen

Al Yacoub, Azzam 19 May 2009 (has links)
No description available.
49

Vitrificação e cultivo in vivo de tecido ovariano de cutias (Dasyprocta leporina, Lichtenstein, 1823) / Vitrification and in vivo culture of tissue ovarian of agouti (Dasyprocta leporina, Lichtenstein, 1823)

Praxedes, Erica Camila Gurgel 17 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T15:29:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EricaCGP_DISSERT.pdf: 2673309 bytes, checksum: c441c049726d8b3cc5250d4dbb83b8ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T15:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EricaCGP_DISSERT.pdf: 2673309 bytes, checksum: c441c049726d8b3cc5250d4dbb83b8ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of the present thesis was to use the manipulation of oocytes enclosed in preantral follicles (MOIFOPA) as a tool for the female gametes rescue and conservation, from wild species agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). The dissertation was divided into two experimental phases. At first, it was performed solid surface vitrification (SSV) using different concentrations of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) in which the effects of the 3 and 6 M concentrations of dimethylsufoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) were verified, as well as the association of both CPAs in the high concentration (6 M) under morphology, viability and apoptosis cell on the in situ PFs. A total of 865 PFs was analyzed before and after vitrification, it was observed an average of 80.7 ± 5.21% of morphologically normal follicles in the control group and after SSV, indifferent the CPA used, it was possible to preserve until 76.7% ± 5.4 OF PFs. At viability analysis, DMSO 3 M, DMSO 6 M, EG 3, EG 6 M (70.0%, 81.11%, 76.6% and 71.11%, respectively) presented similar values to the control group (79.0%). No apoptotic cells (TUNEL positive) were found before and after vitrification. At second, vitrification was performed using the association of CPAs, followed by xenografting of ovarian tissue in C57Bl/6 SCID Black mice. Through vaginal washing monitoring, was observed that 80% mice of the xeno-fresh group and 42% of the xeno-vitrified group returned to ovarian activity, confirmed by hormonal measures. Microscopically, primordial, primary and transitional follicles were observed in the grafts, and all had normal morphology for the species studied. However, major primordial and primary follicles were observed in transplants. The NORs revealed that after transplantation a significant reduction (1.66 ± 0.25) occurred when compared to the control groups (group fresh control: 7.19 ± 1.23 and xeno-fresh group: 9.10 ± 0.64). Apoptotic cells (TUNEL positive) were found only after transplantation of samples vitrified and the healthy follicles (TUNEL negative) observed in other groups (TUNEL negative). Thus, as the general conclusion, the use of MOIFOPA in agouti allowed the knowledge of aspects related to its reproductive morphology and physiology, enabling the germplasm conservation, with the possibility of germplasm bank formation, as the elucidation of mechanisms related to the PF survive and in vivo development / O objetivo do presente estudo foi utilizar a manipulação de oócitos inclusos em folículos ovarianos pré antrais (MOIFOPA) como ferramenta para o resgate e conservação do uso de gametas femininos de cutias (Dasyprocta leporina). A dissertação foi dividida em duas fases experimentais. Na primeira, foi realizada a vitrificação em superfície sólida (SSV) utilizando diferentes concentrações de agentes crioprotetores (ACPs), na qual foram verificados os efeitos das concentrações de 3 e 6 M de dimetilsufoxido (DMSO) e etilenoglicol (EG), bem como a associação de ambos os ACPs na concentração maior (6 M) sob a morfologia, viabilidade e apoptose celular de folículos ovarianos pré-antrais in situ (FOPAs). Um total de 865 FOPAs foi analisado antes e após a vitrificação. No grupo controle, foi observado 80,7 ± 5,21% de FOPA morfologicamente normais. Após SSV, independentemente do ACP utilizado, foram obtidos até 76,7% ± 5,4 de FOPAS. Na análise de viabilidade, DMSO 3 M, DMSO 6 M, EG 3, EG 6 M (70,0%; 81,11%; 76,6% e 71,11%; respectivamente) apresentaram valores semelhantes de FOPAS viáveis ao grupo controle (79,0%). Na segunda fase, foi realizada a SSV utilizando a associação dos ACPs (DMSO e EG), seguido do xenotransplante de tecido ovariano de cutias em camundongas C57Bl/6 SCID. Através do monitoramento do lavado vaginal, observou-se que 80% das camundongas do grupo controle e 42% do grupo vitrificado retornaram à atividade ovariana, confirmada pela dosagem hormonal. Microscopicamente, folículos primordiais, primários, transição e secundários foram observados nos enxertos, e todos tinham morfologia normal para as espécies estudadas. No entanto, os folículos primordiais e primários foram observados em maior quantidade após transplante. As Regiões organizadoras de nucléolos (NORs) revelaram que após o transplante ocorreu uma redução significativa de NORs no grupo vitrificado-xenotranplantado (1,66 ± 0,25) quando comparados aos grupos controles (grupo controle fresco: 7,19 ± 1,23; grupo controle xenotransplantado: 9,10 ± 0,64). As células apoptóticas (TUNEL positivo) foram encontradas somente após o transplante das amostras vitrificadas e folículos saudáveis foram encontrados nos outros grupos tratado (TUNEL negativo). Assim, como conclusão geral, o uso da MOIFOPA em cutias permitiu o conhecimento de aspectos relacionados a sua morfofisiologia reprodutiva, possibilitando tanto a conservação do material genético, com a possibilidade de formação de bancos de germoplasma; e ainda a elucidação dos mecanismos relacionados à sobrevivência e ao desenvolvimento dos FOPA in vivo / 2017-05-12
50

Vitrificação de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus contidos em volumes diferentes de 9,0 m de etileno glicol. / Vitrification of mus domesticus domesticus embryos exposed to differents volumes of 9.0 m ethylene glycol solution

Assaf, Sabrina Silveira January 2003 (has links)
Os experimentos tiveram como objetivo determinar a taxa de eclosão dos embriões vitrificados em volumes diferentes de 9,0 M de etileno glicol. Simultaneamente, testou-se dois procedimentos de estocagem dos fios de teflon, denominados caixa de aço inoxidável e globete/raque. No experimento I, os 881 embriões coletados foram distribuídos em 4 tratamentos: tratamento 1 (T1= controle): 307 embriões foram cultivados in vitro em meio PBSm, acrescido de 0,4% de BSA; tratamento 2 (T2): 292 embriões foram expostos à solução de glicerol 10% acrescida de 0,4% de BSA, envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL e submetidos ao congelamento pelo método rápido em Biocool; tratamento 3 (T3): 138 embriões foram expostos durante 2 minutos à solução de desidratação (10% de EG + 6% BSA em PBSm) e então transferidos para a solução de vitrificação (50% de EG + 6% de BSA em PBSm), onde permaneceram por 30 segundos e foram colocados em volume de 1 μL no interior de um fio de teflon, medindo 0,4 mm de diâmetro, 2,0 cm de comprimento e 0,05 mm de espessura. Os fios foram acondicionados em uma caixa de aço inoxidável para serem armazenados em nitrogênio líquido; tratamento 4 (T4): 144 embriões foram expostos à solução de desidratação (10% de EG + 6% BSA em PBSm) e após 2 minutos, foram transferidos para a solução de vitrificação (50% de EG + 6% BSA em PBSm), onde permaneceram por 30 segundos, sendo após transferidos para um volume de 1 μL no interior do fio de teflon. Os fios de teflon foram estocados em globetes unidos às raques e mantidos em nitrogênio líquido. Após o aquecimento, os embriões foram cultivados em PBSm suplementado com 0,4% de BSA. As taxas de eclosão embrionária observadas foram: T1=76,29% (245/307); T2=41,05% (117/292); T3=37,98% (54/138) e T4=26,78% (37/144). No segundo experimento, 747 embriões foram distribuídos em 3 tratamentos: tratamento 1 (T1= controle): 80 embriões foram cultivados in vitro em meio KSOM acrescido de 0,4% de BSA; tratamento 2 (T2): 334 embriões expostos em solução de glicerol 10% acrescida de 0,4% de BSA, foram envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL e submetidos ao congelamento pelo método rápido em Biocool; tratamento 3 (T3): 333 blastocistos foram expostos durante 2 minutos à solução de desidratação (10% de EG + 0,4% BSA em PBSm) e então transferidos para tubos eppendorf de 2,0 mL em contato com a solução de vitrificação (50% de EG + 0,4% BSA em PBSm). Após o cultivo in vitro, as taxas de eclosão embrionária observadas nos 3 tratamentos foram respectivamente: 88,75% (71/80), 40,44% (141/334) e 19,70% (66/333). Baseado nesses resultados conclui-se que embriões Mus domesticus domesticus submetidos à técnica de vitrificação após exposição à solução de 9,0 M de etileno glicol e envase em fios de teflon assegurou índices satisfatórios de sobrevivência embrionária. As taxas de sobrevivência dos embriões Mus domesticus domesticus foi independente do procedimento de estocagem em botijão de nitrogênio líquido. A vitrificação em solução de 9,0 M de etileno glicol com envase em tubos eppendorf não foi eficiente para promover altas taxas de sobrevivência embrionária, mas proporcionou segurança biológica aos embriões, durante o armazenamento. / This work was performed with Mus domesticus domesticus embryos to verify the in vitro viability of vitrified embryos using differents volumes of ethylene glycol–based solution. The experiment I consisted of four treatments. The 881 collected embryos were arranged as follows: treatment 1(control): 307 fresh embryos were cultured in vitro in PBSm + 0.4% BSA without being exposed to either dehydration or cryoprotectants agents; treatment 2: 292 embryos were loaded into 0.25 mL french straws containing 10% glycerol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm and after 10 minutes the straws were submitted to the rapid-freezing procedure (Biocool®, controlled freezer); treatment 3:138 embryos were exposed during 2 minutes to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) and then transferred to the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) in teflon wire with 0.4 mm diameter, 2 cm length and 0.05 mm thickness containing the drop of 1μL volume, and placed into stainless steel box for the storage in LN2; treatment 4:144 embryos were exposed to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) and after 2 minutes were transferred to the teflon wire, that was previousily loaded with 1μL of the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm). Finally, the teflon wires were placed into plastic globets attached to aluminum canes and maintained in LN2. After thawing, the embryos were serially washed in PBSm, and then cultured in PBSm supplemented with 0.4% BSA. The hatched blastocyst rates observed in the treatments were: T1=76.29% (245/307); T2=41.05% (117/292); T3=37.98% (54/138) and T4=26.78% (37/144). In the second experiment, 747 embryos were arranged as follows: treatment 1(control): consisted of 80 fresh embryos cultured in vitro in KSOM medium + 0.4% BSA without being exposed to either dehydration or cryoprotectants agents; treatment 2: 334 embryos were loaded into 0.25 mL french straws containing 10% glycerol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm and after 10 minutes the straws were submitted to the rapid-freezing procedure (Biocool®, controlled freezer); treatment 3: 333 embryos were exposed during 2 minutes to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm) and then transferred to the eppendorf tubes loaded with the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm). After in vitro culture, the hatched blastocysts rates observed were: T1=88.75% (71/80); T2=40.44% (141/334) and T3=19.70% (66/333). Based on these results it is concluded that the embryos of Mus domesticus domesticus submitted to vitrification procedure after being exposed to 9.0 M of ethylene glycol – based solution and loaded in teflon wires were efficient to promote satisfactory embryo survival rates. The survival rate of Mus domesticus domesticus embryos was independent of the LN2 storage procedure. The vitrification procedure after being exposed to 9.0 M of ethylene glycol – based solution and loaded in eppendorf tubes were not efficient to promote high embryo survival rate, but to warrant the embryo’s biologically security during storage in liquid nitrogen.

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