Oil analysis is a broad field comprised of hundreds of individual tests that provide meaningful benefit by assessing one or more properties of lubricants or machines. Many tests are performed on new types of oil during research and development. The lubricants chemical, physical, or lubricating properties are validated for quality control purposes and product performance classification. Much of the research in this area is devoted to the online oil degradation systems which allow getting a prompt response about the condition of lubricant. This thesis investigates the concept for monitoring oil degradation with a vibrating Kelvin probe technique. The Vibrating Kelvin probe method for measuring the work function of metals has been used since 1932. Among the applications of this technique are adsorption, corrosion, friction and other studies. A novel application of this method is proposed in this thesis. The vibrating Kelvin system was created with one static surface acting as a sampling surface and the other one electrically isolated. The interaction of the oil with one of the surfaces of a capacitor results in a signal which is synchronously measured. The oil molecules adsorb on the surface of one of the plates and form a space charge layer which changes the work function of that surface. Oil prepared by intentional oxidation was used to evaluate and to monitor the ability to see changes in oil.

There is a large number of measurement techniques that is used for a surface inspection and a characterization of different types of materials. One of these techniques is a contact potential difference (CPD) scanning technique. In this project a non-vibrating contact potential difference (nvCPD) method is utilized to measure a work function and a topographical structure of a sample surface. A sample is mounted on a spindle that rotates at high speed. A nvCPD sensor detects work-function variations during movement above the sample surface. There are certain factors that create difficulties during the measurement process. A nonplanar sample surface, the spindle wobble and an incline of a mounted sample impede the safe (without impacting the surface) scanning at a close distance. The goal of this thesis was to implement a height sensor as a feedback device to dynamically control and adjust a CPD sensor flying height. Since a CPD signal is inversely proportional to the flying height, minimization of this height will enhance the signal magnitude, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of measurements.

Thesis (doctoral)--Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [290]-303).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Louisville, 1989. / Typescript (Xerox copy). Department of History. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-108).

Mestre -- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, 2001.

Doutor -- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, 2001.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-01T13:57:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafaela da Silva Alves.pdf: 1711688 bytes, checksum: 2d6cd01dc5bb5b066fa260c111530120 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T13:57:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafaela da Silva Alves.pdf: 1711688 bytes, checksum: 2d6cd01dc5bb5b066fa260c111530120 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 / This study, when reconstructing the memories of the elderly, has the work as the guiding thread of their life trajectories, producing the possibility of understanding the socio-historical development of the municipality of Volta Redonda and revealing the different processes of aging and life that take place in this city. It is also proposed to reflect the ways in which the elderly live in this city and the city's relationship with these memories. It is based on the theoretical principle that the elderly have the social function of remembering and advising, as well as connecting what was and what is to come. In this perspective, we present the life experiences of three elderly people, based on their life histories, these guardians of memory, who came to the city looking for work in the fourth decade of the last century, we discuss themes such as memory Social, family, aging and work. The life histories illustrate the whole reality of the decade of the construction of the National Steel Company, the great steel company to CSN, the feelings, the ways to act and think before this process that was intrinsic the construction of the city, which was developed with a view to attracting people And accommodate these people, workers, and families. This research evidences the social repercussions of these interlocutors both in the time of work and in aging, as well as their experiences being permeated by an institution / Este estudo ao reconstruir as mem?rias de idosos, tem o trabalho como fio condutor de suas trajet?rias de vida, produzindo a possibilidade de compreender o desenvolvimento s?cio-hist?rico do munic?pio de Volta Redonda al?m de desvelar diferentes processos de envelhecimento e de vida que acontecem nesta cidade. Prop?e-se ainda a refletir os modos de como vivem os idosos nesta cidade e a rela??o da cidade com estas mem?rias. Parte-se do princ?pio te?rico que o idoso tem a fun??o social de lembrar e aconselhar, assim como ligar o que foi e o porvir. Nessa perspectiva, apresentam-se as experi?ncias de vida de tr?s idosos, pautando-se em suas hist?rias de vida, esses guardi?es da mem?ria, vindos para a cidade ? procura de trabalho na quarta d?cada do s?culo passado, discute-se temas como: mem?ria social, fam?lia, envelhecimento e trabalho. As hist?rias de vida ilustram toda a realidade da d?cada da constru??o da Companhia Sider?rgica Nacional, a grande sider?rgica a CSN, os sentimentos, os modos agir e pensar diante desse processo que foi intr?nseco a constru??o da cidade, que foi desenvolvida com vistas a atrair pessoas e acomodar essas pessoas, trabalhadores e fam?lias. Nesta pesquisa evidenciam-se as repercuss?es sociais desses interlocutores tanto no tempo do trabalho e no envelhecimento, bem como as suas experi?ncias sendo permeadas por uma institui??o.

Within the framework of this research, the complex geological history of the Pan African-Volta basin has been systematically reconstructed. Based on a broad review of literature and new data, 5 stages of geological-tectonic development have been identified. For the first time a systematic review of the mineral potential of the Pan-African Volta Basin was executed. Known and potentially existing mineralization have been related to the geotectonic history and metallogenetic conclusions have been drawn. Based on the findings of this research, the folded thrust belt located at the eastern rim of the Volta basin has been identified as the most prospective area for the ultramafic rocks with chromite, nickel mineralization and PGEs, hydrothermal gold and banded iron formation (BIF) but this will require further work.:Table of contents Table of contents iii List of tables v List of figures 1 Introduction 5 Summary of work done 6 Acknowledgements 6 1 In the Geology and regional geotectonic development of the West African Shield 7 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 The basement of the Proterozoic sedimentary platform cover 9 1.3 Connection of West African Shield to Brazil 10 1.4 The Neoproterozoic sedimentary sequence and the extent of the Volta Basin 13 1.4.1 Introduction 13 1.4.2 The Neoproterozoic Sedimentary Sequence 15 1.5 The Pan-African Mobile Belt 23 1.5.1 The Buem Fold and thrust belt 23 1.5.2 New defined units 30 1.6 Interpretation of the deep structure of the Volta Basin 35 1.7 Metallic Minerals 37 1.7.1 Introduction 37 1.7.2 Iron (Fe) 39 1.7.3 Aluminium (Al) 46 1.7.4 Manganese (Mn) 50 1.7.5 Lead (Pb) 52 1.7.6 Copper (Cu) 55 1.7.7 Mineralisation related to ultramafic rocks 57 1.7.8 Gold (Au) 69 1.7.9 Tantalum (Ta) 72 1.7.10 Zirconium (Zr) 73 1.7.11 Heavy minerals in sands of Paleochannels 76 1.8 Non-metallic minerals 83 1.8.1 Introduction 83 1.8.2 Limestone (CaCO3) 84 1.8.3 Magnesite (MgCO3) 91 1.8.4 Barite (BaSO4) 93 1.8.5 Diamonds 97 1.8.6 Bitumen 100 1.9 Mineral Prediction with advangeo® Prediction Software 102 2 Minerogeny 109 2.1 Mineralisation controls and indicators 109 2.1.1 Geochemical Properties of selected stratigraphic units 109 2.1.2 Intrusive rocks 114 2.1.3 Volcanic rocks 118 2.1.4 Fault structural controls 119 2.1.5 Reactive Rocks 121 2.1.6 Other sedimentary controls: placers and paleoplacers 122 2.1.7 Laterites 122 2.1.8 Control of diamond occurrences 132 2.2 Key stages of metallogenic development 132 3 Discussion and recommendations 136 3.1 Recommendations 138 4 List of References 139 5 Appendices 144 5.1.1 Sample G113RK1 144 5.1.2 Sample G109RK1 145 5.1.3 Sample G116RK1 147 5.1.4 Sample G121RK1 149 5.1.5 Sample G121RK2 151 5.1.6 Sample G121RK3 152 5.1.7 Sample G131RK1 154 5.1.8 Sample G144RK2 155 5.1.9 Sample G145RK1 156 5.1.10 Sample G147RK1 157 5.2 Thin Sections 159 5.3 Deep drilling Data 174 5.4 Geophysical Datasets 176 5.5 Geochemical properties of volcanic rocks 181 5.6 Regional Geochemical Datasets (MSSP) 186 5.6.1 Methodology of data processing 188 5.7 Geochemical analysis – Electronic Dump 190 5.8 Geochemical properties of selected geo-tectonic units 190 5.8.1 Epicratonic basin 190 5.8.2 Foreland Basin 195 5.8.3 Thrusted continental margin 202

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Women living with HIV (WLHIV) desire to bear children. Safe conception (SC) education for informed decision-making to prevent peri-conception HIV infection is needed but not routinely available. Poor SC knowledge, attitude, skills in addition to the absence of a standardised training programme were challenges that limited delivery. This study therefore aimed at developing a training programme for healthcare workers to facilitate SC education among WLHIV. The study adopted the intervention research approach. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed.

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