Writers of the 1830s and 1840s sought to interpret their changing society in an explosion of new forms, developing an all-inclusive aesthetic that saw writing as a direct expression of individual experience, without boundary between life and page and without hierarchy of genre or subject matter. Analyses of social types and behaviour proliferated in which two current preoccupations stood out: the materialist motivation of an industrialising society with an expanding middle class, and the degree of theatricality involved in manoevring for a place in that society. Often groundbreaking, the analyses of August Lewald (1792–1871) were informed by his broad experience which included commerce and the theatre, and for which he was renowned. Contemporary reviews acknowledge the innovativeness of his writing and his sure eye for key issues of the day. In the new conditions after 1848, however, his popularity soon vanished, and he has been largely overlooked since then. My thesis aims to demonstrate that such a strong representative of the period in both his life and works calls for reinstatement as significant writer and personality. Three of Lewald’s works have been selected to support this aim. After an Introduction which tries to place Lewald within the experimental context of the Vormärz, Chapters 1–3 will offer a close reading of each work, contextualised by reference to other works, contemporary reviews, and biographical detail where it seems relevant. Sketches from Album aus Paris exemplify Lewald’s early and influential innovativeness in their humorous scrutiny of social behaviour through observation of its external manifestations, in the style of French Physiologies. Memoiren eines Banquiers exploits fictionalised life-writing as a cover behind which to confront controversial issues around money, Jewish emancipation and prejudice. Theater-Roman plays with the metaphor of society as theatre, conveying the ultimately futile illusoriness of contemporary society’s values, and foreshadowing Lewald’s own increasing rejection of his Vormärz life- and writing style after 1848. My Conclusion claims for Lewald’s life and writing individuality and originality as well as qualities that make him exemplary of his time. It proposes, as a project among other topics for further research, that a new edition of his sketches in particular, enjoyable in their own right, would be a valuable contribution to knowledge of the Vormärz period.

Die Bestandsaufnahme der Slavica in den Wiener Unterhaltungsblättern und gelehrten Zeitschriften des Vormärz ist eine kulturwissenschaftliche, komparatistische Arbeit.

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Das Heft 6 der 'Musikgeschichte in Mittel- und Osteuropa\ (2000, S. 267{280) enthält eine kurze Vorstellung der bereits erschieneneMaterialsammlungen im Rahmen des komparatistischen 'Wiener Vormärz-Slavica-Projektes'. Die Folgebände wurden als in Ausarbeitung bfindlich angeführt: Jener Band, welcher das Material über Oberungarn, der heutigen Slowakei, umfasst, liegt nun vor.

6 Abstract This essay's primary focus is on the phenomenon of "magic farce" within the works of Ferdinand Raimund and Johann Nepomuk Nestroy, its essence, main establishment conditions and its motifs on the background of the Viennese popular theater, the Biedermeier idyll and Vormärz. With respect to purpose of this essay, selected works of both authors are introduced and are afterwards the subject of analysis: Raimund's Der Barometermacher auf der Zauberinsel and Nestroys Der böse Geist Lumpazivagabundus oder das liederliche Kleeblatt, Freiheit in Krähwinkel and Höllenangst. The framework of the analysis is the historical and biographical context; notably the phenomenon of censorship and its impacts on artistic production of both Raimund and Nestroy. This essay also comprises important biographical aspects in relation to the transformation of the artistic approach of the authors in later years. Keywords Magic farce, farce, Besserungsstück, Viennese popular theater, Ferdinand Raimund, Johann Nepomuk Nestroy, Biedermeier and Viennese Vormärz

L'oeuvre de Gustave Oelsner-Monmerqué que notre thèse permet de découvrir offre une vision double, française et allemande, sur la société coloniale à Bourbon au début des années1840. Après une reconstitution détaillée de la biographie d'Oelsner-Monmerqué, l'étude met l'accent sur son pragmatisme abolitionniste dans l'exercice de ses fonctions de rédacteur en chef de la Feuille hebdomadaire de l'île Bourbon et de professeur de philosophie et de proviseur du Collège royal de Bourbon. En Allemagne, il poursuit son militantisme abolitionniste activement par voie littéraire à travers un roman, des articles de presse, des communications et une conférence. En publiant Schwarze und Weiße. Skizzen aus Bourbon (Noirs et Blancs. Esquisses de Bourbon) dans un pays qui ne possède pas d'esclaves, l'écrivain tente de contribuer à une émancipation plus rapide et complète. Son éclairage sur les conditions de la traite clandestine et sur la vie des esclaves dans la société bourbonnaise se distingue par son réalisme qui doit son expressivité au genre littéraire novateur de l'esquisse. Au-delà des frontières, cet ouvrage peut être considéré comme le premier roman abolitionniste bourbonnais. / Gustave Oelsner-Monmerqué's work unearthed by us and presented in our doctoral thesis offers a double – French and German – vision of colonial society in Bourbon (now Reunion) Island in the early 1840s. This study begins with a detailed reconstitution of Oelsner-Monmerqué's life, then focuses on his abolitionist stance and actions as editor of the Feuille hebdomadaire de l'Ile Bourbon [Bourbon Island Weekly] and philosophy teacher at and principal of the Collège royal de Bourbon high school. Oelsner-Monmerqué pursued his abolitionist activism in Germany through literary channels: a novel, press articles andconferences. By publishing Schwarze und Weiße. Skizzen aus Bourbon [Blacks and Whites. Sketches of Bourbon] in a country which had no slaves, the author meant to contribute to their quicker and more complete emancipation. His descriptions of illegal slave trade and slave life in Bourbon Island's society have a realistic, expressive touch made possible by the use of an innovative literary genre, the sketch. A cross-boundary testimony, this work can be regardedas Bourbon Island's first abolitionist novel.

(in English): The diploma thesis "It manages better on its own": Opinions on the reliance of robots in Bohemia at the end of the pre-March period is devoted to serf duties from the Enlightenment to 1848. Legal grounding in view of several important directions of political and economic development at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. This work analyzes biopolitical, populationist, traditionally conservative and especially liberal attitudes of politicians. And he explains why discussions on other political directions probably could not take place in Austria. It also tries to show the degree of labor duties, which was different in different states of the Austrian monarchy. Most of the work deals with the years 1840-1846. I describe the uprising in Galicia, where serf and ethnic problems were mixed. The sources were mainly the works of Jiří Štaif, Miroslav Hroch, Václav Černý and Dieter Langewiesche, but I also mention a larger number of original sources, period petitions, legal analyzes and newspaper articles. In the end, on the character of František Brauner, I show what development of thought a lawyer with knowledge of documents, social and cultural conditions could have undergone.

Diese Arbeit trägt mit ihrem speziellen Interesse für die Organologiemetapher als diskursprägende sprachliche Form eine neue Fragestellung an die Ideenwelt der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts heran. Untersucht wird, inwieweit die Gleichsetzung von Staat und Gesellschaft mit einem lebenden Körper als Ausdruck eines kollektiv geteilten Weltmodells zu verstehen ist, das das politische Denken der beginnenden Moderne prägte und kanalisierte. Wie die in dieser Arbeit durchgeführte synchrone Diskursanalyse zentraler Grundlagentexte der sechs maßgeblichen politischen Bewegungen des Vormärz - des Kommunismus, der demokratischen Bewegung, des Liberalismus, der Frauenbewegung, des Konservativismus und des politischen Katholizismus - zeigt, ist dies eindeutig der Fall: Mit Hilfe der demiurgischen Kraft der Organologiemetapher werden Welt, Staat und Gesellschaft in sämtlichen politischen Philosophien so entworfen, dass sie als Organismen erscheinen, die durch weitgehend unbeeinflussbare Natur-Triebe in ihrer Entwicklung vorangetrieben werden. Ebenso wird der Aufbau von Staat und Gesellschaft von allen nach dem Vorbild eines Organismus modelliert, in dem sich Teil und Ganzes wechselseitig bedingen. Auch die Positionierung von Mann und Frau im Kollektivkörper wird auf Erkenntnisse der Naturlehre, speziell auf in den Geschlechtern wirkende Natur-Kräfte, zurückgeführt. In dieser Arbeit werden zuerst diese Diskursgemeinsamkeiten vorgestellt, die auf eine grundlegende Mentalität der beginnenden Moderne schließen lassen. Anschließend werden die einzelnen Diskursvarianten und ihre Implikationen - nach den politischen Bewegungen geordnet - detailliert dargestellt. / With its specific interest in the organology metaphor this study creates a new way of understanding political ideas of the first half of the 19th century. It points out that the comparision of state and society with a living body is not only a stylistic pattern but a collectively shared fundamental mentality that influenced the political philosophy of the beginning modern age. This is shown by a synchronic analysis of essential and fundamental texts of the six important political movements of the first half of the 19th century - Communism, the democratic and the women''s movement, Liberalism, Conservatism and the political Catholicism. All political philosophies use the demiurgic power of the organology metaphor to design world, state and society in a way that they appear as organisms, which are propelled in their development by hardly influencable natural powers. Likewise all philosophies mould the organisation of state and society according to the pattern of a living organism, in which the whole body and its parts mutually depend on each other. By supposing different natural forces working in men and women also the sexes are positioned differently in the collective body. This study first presents these common uses of the organology metaphor through all political movements and the fundamental mentality of the beginning modern age shown by these. After that it focusses on the specific uses of the organology metaphor and their implications in each text.

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