A proposta deste trabalho é analisar o romance On the Road, do escritor Beat Jack Kerouac em diálogo com a tradição da Literatura de Viagem. O estudo baseia-se em duas perspectivas em especial: a escrita de si e a escrita do outro. No que diz respeito a esta última, observamos os tons etnográficos e historiográficos que aparecem no romance e remetem à tradição. No que tange a escrita de si, observamos como a obra se comporta em relação ao caráter de Romance de Formação muito comum em relatos de viagem. Por conclusão, sugerimos que a obra por vezes dá continuidade, por vezes rompe com essas vertentes. On the Road e seu autor estariam, portanto, sempre em movimento / This studys aim is to analyze the novel On the Road, by the Beat writer Jack Kerouac, in relation to Travel Literature tradition. The study is based in two specific perspectives: self-writing and writing about the Other. Concerning the latter, we focused on the nuances of ethnography and historiography that show up in the novel and might be linked to the tradition. About self-writing, we analyze the novels relation to the concept of Novel of Development, very common in travel writing. As a conclusion, we suggest that the book either follows the trends, or rebels, depending on the point of view. On the Road and its author could be considered, therefore, always on the move

L’œuvre d’Édouard Glissant est toute au cheminement d’une formidable et inédite pensée, une « poétique de la Relation » ; et aménage un passage, une « conversion de l’être ». L’image poétique, qui atteint à la plus sûre connaissance du monde et du vivant, y restaure le lien organique et immédiat avec la « chair du monde », dont elle peut, provisoirement, receler les formes signifiantes en perpétuel changement. L’étude de certains textes permettra de suivre l’itinéraire de « l’être qui se trouve », et les notions d’errance et de démesure, développées au fur et à mesure par l’auteur, de saisir les mouvements de ces transformations. Le « pli » d’abord, que la phénoménologie du roman imprime à l’œuvre pour accomplir la « thérapeutique globale » de la communauté antillaise. Le récit de Relation ne se trouve pleinement déplié qu’après coup, dans les années 90, avec le roman Tout-monde. La pensée de la Relation se résoudra par « consumation dialectique » dans un ultime aphorisme, « Rien n’est Vrai, tout est vivant » ; et l’œuvre, en sa « cheminaison », dans la profondeur de sa propre étendue, aménageant son apparition-disparition au sein du « grand livre mouvant » de tous ces siècles où se sont accumulées les littératures du monde entier. Cette intertextualité constitutive amènera (par une approche comparatiste) à considérer les « lieux-communs » qui relient l’œuvre d’Édouard Glissant à celle de K. Yacine, de S.-J. Perse et d’A. Césaire. De même, la question de la création de langages sera examinée sous l’angle de sa théorie sur la traduction considérant celle-ci comme une forme d’écriture à part entière, une composition traçant le « rapport entre les langues ». / Edouard Glissant’s work is the development of a great and a unique thinking: a poetics of Relation. It also allows a passage, a "conversion of the being". The poetic image attains the most accurate knowledge of the living, and restores the organic and immediate links with the “flesh of the world". This poetic image temporarily holds its signifying forms, constantly changing. The analysis of some specific texts will follow the itinerary of "the being that finds its meaning". The notions of wandering and “demeasure”, developed progressively by the author, will help to indicate the movements of those transformations. First, the "fold" that the fiction’s phenomenology prints to the work in order to accomplish the "global therapeutic" of the Antilles community. The narrative of Relation will fully unfold with the novel Tout-monde in the 90s. The thought of Relation will find its own ontological reduction in a final aphorism, "Nothing is true, all is living". The work itself will achieve the termination of its route in the depth of his own “Extent”, telling its appearance-disappearance in the "large moving book" of all these centuries, when the world literatures have accumulated. This constitutive intertextuality will lead us (by a comparative approach) to consider the "common places” that link the work of Édouard Glissant to those of K. Yacine, of S.-J. Perse and A. Césaire. In the same “horizontal” way, the "creation" of new languages will also be observed under the angle of his theory on translation, seen as a new form of writing that composes the “connection between languages".

O presente trabalho visa investigar a desestabilização de categoria rígidas como o lugar e o sujeito por meio do deslocamento. A viagem possibilita outras formas de ser e estar no espaço que reordenam essas categorias e as suas relações, problematizando a possibilidade de enunciação como sutura da relação entre sujeito e lugar. De encontro ao romance 2666 de Roberto Bolaño, a dissertação persegue os espectros dessas fissuras a partir de miradas múltiplas. Primeiro, investiga-se o lugar desde o qual se fala do lugar nos estudos da literatura e da linguagem e a violência subjacente ao desejo de querer colocar uma coisa em seu lugar. A tradução, como subversora da máxima física de que dois corpos nunca podem ocupar o mesmo lugar ao mesmo tempo, é também explorada desde a perspectiva de Babel, em que a confusão linguística está dada como a impossibilidade de uma linguagem plenamente ordenadora. Parte-se, então, para a viagem, aquilo que deixa o lugar rumo a outros e decompõe, via deslocamento, a coesão, operando um movimento de abertura ao desconhecido, um reordenamento das configurações previamente estabelecidas. Essa aparente emancipação, porém, incorre rapidamente também em uma condenação, o seu revés mais íntimo, compreendida aqui como a possibilidade de enunciar desde um eu dissociado, aberto ao outro que existe em si. / This study aims to investigate the destabilizing of rigid categories such as the place and the subject through travel, understood here as displacement. The trip enables different manners of being in space that reorganize these categories and their relations, questioning the possibility of enunciation as the seam between subject and place. Through an encounter with Roberto Bolaños novel 2666, this dissertation follows the specters of these fissures from multiple viewpoints. First it investigates the place from which one speaks of place in literary and language studies and the violence ingrained in the desire to allocate a thing to its own place. Translation, as a subversive element of the physical axiom two bodies cannot occupy the same place at the same time, is explored within the scope of Babel, in which linguistic confusion is exerted as the impossibility of a fully analytical language. Then, the concept of travel is sought as that which leaves a place, bound for others, and decomposes, via displacement, cohesiveness, operating a movement of opening towards the unknown and reorganizing previously established configurations. However, this apparent emancipation quickly brings about condemnation, its intimate double, understood here as the possibility to enunciate from a dissociated I, open to the other that exists in the I.

Ctenus fasciatus e Enoploctenus cyclothorax (Araneae: Ctenidae) foram estudadas em cavernas da área cárstica do Alto Ribeira, município de Iporanga, sul de São Paulo, abordando a distribuição no meio subterrâneo, ecologia populacional, deslocamentos, alimentação e reprodução e crescimento. A primeira espécie foi estudada na Gruta da Lage Branca, localizada no Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), e em quatro cavernas do Parque Estadual Intervales (Grutas da Barra Bonita, do Tatu, do Fóssil Desconhecido e Toca Detrás), enquanto que E. cyclothorax foi estudada apenas nas cavernas mencionadas do PEI. Utilizou-se o método de marcação e recaptura em viagens mensais e os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo método de Jolly-Seber para se estimar o tamanho das populações. Observou-se que as populações são sazonais, com pico no número de exemplares encontrados coincidindo com o período reprodutivo, que ocorre no verão (novembro a março) para C. fasciatus e no inverno (maio a outubro), para E. cyclothorax. A população de C. fasciatus estudada na Lage Branca apresentou uma acentuada queda de um ano para o outro, o que foi atribuído às constantes enxurradas que ocorreram no período de estudo e às atividades turísticas descontroladas. Também houve queda populacional para essa espécie no conjunto das cavernas do PEI, entretanto em menor escala, a qual foi interpretada como flutuação natural das populações. No caso de E. cyclothorax, o estudo populacional no PEI sugere que a população de exemplares adultos se renova anualmente, com indivíduos machos mais errantes e fêmeas sedentárias. Concluiu-se que estas últimas são trogloxenas não obrigatórias, enquanto aranhas C. fasciatus são troglófilas, distribuídas por todo o interior das cavernas e raramente encontradas no meio epígeo. Estas últimas são caracteristicamente errantes, observando-se deslocamentos de até 140 m em períodos máximos de 4 e 5 meses. Exemplares das duas espécies foram transportados ao laboratório, em sala climatizada no Departamento de Zoologia da USP, onde foram mantidos para acompanhamento do comportamento reprodutivo e desenvolvimento pós-embrionário. Aranhas de uma outra espécie da mesma família (Isoctenus sp.), coletada na Lapa do Angélica, situada no Parque de Terra Ronca (PETER), município de São Domingos (GO), reproduziram-se em laboratório e também foram acompanhadas com relação ao desenvolvimento pós-embrionário. O desenvolvimento tanto de C. fasciatus como de Isoctenus sp. é longo (três a quatro anos), e essas aranhas só atingem a vida adulta após 17 ou 18 mudas. Não foi possível acompanhar o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de E. cyclothorax, pois os exemplares jovens não suportaram as condições de laboratório. Após a cópula, as fêmeas de C. fasciatus sempre se alimentam dos machos para suportar longos períodos sem alimentação até o nascimento e dispersão dos filhotes. E. cyclothorax pode alimentar-se dos machos ou não, já que elas abandonam suas posturas periodicamente para buscar alimento. As ootecas das três espécies são fixas ao substrato rochoso, em superfícies verticais, e nascem aproximadamente 400 a 500 aranhiços de cada ooteca. / Ctenus fasciatus e Enoploctenus cyclothorax (Araneae: Ctenidae) from caves in the Alto Ribeira karst area, Iporanga Co., southern State of São Paulo, were studied with focus on their distribution in the subterranean habitat, population ecology, movements, feeding, and reproduction and growth. The populations of C. fasciatus from Lage Branca Cave, in the Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), and from four caves in the Parque Estadual Intervales (Barra Bonita, do Tatu, do Fóssil Desconhecido e Toca Detrás), as well as those of E. cyclothorax found in the latter, were investigated using mark-recapture techniques. These populations are seasonal, with a peak in the number of observed specimens coincident with the reproductive season, which occurs in the summer (November to March) for C. fasciatus and in the winter for E. cyclothorax. There was an accentuated decrease in the population of C. fasciatus in the Lage Branca Cave from the first to the second study year (2001 to 2002), possibly due to floodings and/or poorly controlled touristic visitation. A less accentuated population decrease was also observed for C. fasciatus in caves from the PEI, possibly representing a natural fluctuation. For E. cyclothorax, the study in the PEI indicates that the males are errant and the females tend to be sedentary, and that the adult population renews every year. Females of E. cyclothorax are non-obligatory trogloxenes (aparently males do not use the hypogean habitat), whereas C. fasciatus is a typical troglophile rarely found in the epigean environment. The latter is found throughout the caves, in different substrata (walking on the floor, on rocky walls, hidden in crevices or log); 140 m long movements within 4-5 months were observed for two individuals. Individuals of both species, as well as Isoctenus sp. from a cave in São Domingos karst area, State of Goiás, Central Brazil, were kept in laboratory for study of reproduction and postembryonic development. Development in C. fasciatus and Isoctenus sp. Takes a long time (three to four years till the sexual maturity) and a relatively high numbers of moults (at least 17-18). It was not possibly to describe the postembryonic development in E. cyclothorax because the spiderlings did not survive in laboratory. C. fasciatus females usually eat the male after copulating, probably as an adaptation to survive the long time of parental care without leaving the egg sac to feed. Females of E. cyclothorax may or may not eat the males, and may leave temporarily the egg sac to eat.

Suite à l’expérience de l’exil, la culture d’un pays, expression artistique de la mémoire, est ramifiée. L’oeuvre de l’exilé n’est alors qu’une partie du rhizome culturel, reflétant l’identité initiale, dont la souche est la même que celle de ceux qui sont restés, mais en ajoutant l’expérience du présent « ailleurs ». Georges Steiner pousse la réflexion jusqu’à concevoir cette expérience comme étant l’élément déclencheur de la littérature actuelle, que nous considérons comme re-production d’un signifiant qui lui pré-existe. Or, le XXème siècle est celui de l’exil, qui s’est vu imposé avec l’apparition de multiples dictatures ou problèmes économiques (le nazisme persécutant les Juifs, les dictateurs d’Afrique ou d’Amérique Latine, etc.). L’objet de l’étude se focalise sur deux romans argentins : Informe de París de Paula Wajsman (1990) et La sombra del jardín de Cristina Siscar (1999). Les auteures mettent en scène l’exil dans leurs fictions. Nous dédions l’étude à l’analyse de ces deux textes dont les styles diffèrent mais dont les thématiques s’apparentent : rapport à l’espace, perte des repères imaginaires, position face à l’Autre et construction identitaire dans un nouvel environnement. Nous nous demandons ainsi sous quelles formes peut s’exprimer l’exil, synonyme d’une perte généralisée / Following the experience of exile, a country's culture, artistic expression of memory, branches forth. The exile's work is thus only part of the cultural rhizome, reflecting initial identity, whose root is the same as those left behind, while adding the experience of the current “elsewhere”. Georges Steiner pushes the idea to the point of conceiving this experience as being the trigger of current literature, something we consider as the pre-existing signifier. As such, the 20th century is littered with exiles, imposed by the emergence of multiple dictatorships or economic difficulties (Nazi persecution of the Jews, dictators of Africa or Latin America, etc.). The study focuses on two Argentinian novels: Paula Wajsman's Informe de París (1990) and Cristina Siscar's La sombra del jardín (1999). The authors bring to light exile in their fiction. The study is dedicated to the analysis of these two texts whose styles differ but whose themes have much in common : relationship with space, loss of imaginary reference points, situating oneself in regards to the Other and the construction of identity in a new environment. Thus we question in what forms can be expressed the general feeling of loss so synonymous with exile

Les critiques littéraires estiment qu’il existe une certaine relation entre Robbe-Grillet et Echenoz, entre le Nouveau Roman et les jeunes écrivains de chez Minuit. Mais jusqu’à nos jours, il n’existe pas encore de recherches systématiques sur leur filiation dans les aspects divergents et convergents, notamment sur les différences et les ressemblances dans le récit. Dans cette étude, en interprétant l’obscurité du miroir non seulement comme fragmentation en multiples reflets mais aussi comme inversion du vide, nous apercevons que chez les deux écrivains, le sujet unit vainement en lui le même et l’autre en raison d’une crise identitaire. À travers un ailleurs en antithèse de l’ici, les auteurs dressent une typologie spatiale dominée par le vide et l’ouverture. Concernant la structure narrative, il existe aussi des voies différentes de reflets du miroir au sein du texte et entre les textes. D’ailleurs, les deux écrivains produisent par eux-mêmes des images spéculaires, qui se superposent et s’excluent, lorsque nous les envisageons au reflet du discours critique, ou dans le miroir de leur groupe respectif. / The literary critics have found the relation between Robbe-Grillet and Echenoz and that between New Novel and young writers at Midnight. However, in terms of their filiation, there is no systematic research related to the convergent and divergent aspects so far, especially the differences and similarities in the narration. By interpreting the obscurity of the mirror as the fragmentation of multiple reflections and the inversion of the vacancy as well, this dissertation finds that the subject in their writings incorporates both the self and the other to itself in vain because of the identity crisis. Based on the antithesis between here and there, both authors provide a typology space dominated by vacancy and openness. Regarding the narrative structure, there are different ways to mirror reflections within a text and between the texts. Moreover, from the perspective of the critical discourses, or in the mirror of their respective groups, both writers form some overlapped and inter-excluded specular images.

Master of Science / Department of Entomology / Frank Arthur / The control of Indianmeal moth [Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)], a commonly found serious stored product pest around the world, relies mainly upon chemical control methods. Because of recent changes in the laws and regulations governing pesticide usage in the United States, there is an increasing need for finding safer chemicals to control insect pests. Hydroprene, an insect growth regulator, is considered to be a safe alternative. In this study, I quantified the effects of hydroprene on two critical life stages of Indianmeal moth, the eggs and 5th instar wandering phase larvae. Maximum development time in the untreated controls was 13.6 ± 0.6 d at 16°C and minimum development time was 2.3 ± 0.4 d at 32°C. At 20°C and 24°C, the effect of hydroprene on egg development became more evident; development time generally increased with exposure interval, with some variability in the data. The mean egg mortality among all temperatures was 7.3 ± 4.6%. Among the treatments, mortality of eggs increased as the exposure periods increased within any given temperature, with a dramatic increase in mortality with increase in temperature. Egg mortality was lowest at 16°C when exposed for 1 h (0 ± 3%), but mortality gradually increased up to 32 ± 3% when exposed for 18 h. Within each exposure interval, there was a direct increase in mortality as the temperatures increased. For the 5th instar wandering phase larvae, the longest development time among the treatments of 47.2 ± 1.3 d occurred at 16ºC when the larvae were exposed for 30 h, whereas the shortest development time of 7.0 ± 0.5 d occurred when the larvae were exposed for 1 h at 32ºC. Among treatments, the greatest larval mortality (82.0 ± 0.1%) occurred when larvae were exposed for 30 h at 28ºC, while the minimum mortality of 0.0 ± 0.5% occurred at 16ºC when larvae were exposed for 1 h. Response-surface models derived from this study can be used in simulation models to estimate the potential consequences of hydroprene on Indianmeal moth population dynamics.

Avec une oeuvre dense et complexe, Sylvie Germain constitue aujourd'hui l'une des figures marquantes du paysage littéraire français. A partir d'un corpus formé d'une dizaine de romans, représentatifs de son oeuvre, cette étude essaie d'explorer son univers romanesque qui trouverait son fondement dans le Cosmos et ses quatre éléments. L'objet de cette thèse est donc l'étude de la place et de la fonction symboliques de l'imagination matérielle dans l'oeuvre romanesque de Sylvie Germain. Cette dernière met l'accent sur l'importance de l'hérédité, de la racine, de la transmission et des éléments qui marquent une mémoire familiale. En adoptant les approches thématique et psychanalytique, cette étude est menée sous l'angle du couple antithétique : enracinement/déracinement que nous nous proposons d'approcher d'abord dans son acception géographique pour l'étendre ensuite à toute forme d'arrachement, qu'il soit psychologique ou métaphysique. Nous nous proposons également de démontrer que ces deux désirs d'enracinement et de déracinement créent une nouvelle typologie humaine qui remplacerait l'ancienne typologie nomades/sédentaires. La volonté de déracinement se traduit souvent par une volonté de faire table rase du passé et de s'arracher à une filiation, tandis que l'enracinement exige un travail de réconciliation avec le passé et une quête de la filiation. Enfin, pour écrire cette oeuvre de mémoire, Germain développe un jeu intertextuel et intratextuel et inscrit son texte dans la filiation des récits de commencements et dans une tradition littéraire auxquels elle ne cesse de se ressourcer. / With a dense and complex work of fiction, Sylvie Germain has become a prominent figure in modern French literature. Refering to a large corpus of works illustrative of her fiction, this study attempts to explore her fictional universe that is based on the cosmos and its four elements. The subject of this thesis is therefore the study of space and the symbolic function of material imagination in Germain's novels. In fact, she puts emphasis on the importance of inheritance, roots, transmission, and the elements that mark a family memory. Germain resurrects the rootedness and uprootedness problematic that appeared in French literature in the beginning of the 20th century. Following the thematic and psychoanalytical approaches, this study is built on the binary opposition: rootedness and uprootedness, first within a geographical framework, which later extends to every form of extraction, be it psychological or metaphysical. This study also attempts to prove that both desires of rootedness and uprootedness create a new human typology that would replace the old nomadic/sedentary typology. The will for uprootedness is often translated by the will to make a tabula rasa of the past and to split from a filiation, whereas rootedness requires reconciliation with the past and implies a quest for filiation. Finally, in order to depict memory, Germain develops a pattern of intertextuality and intratextuality, inscribing her text in the line of genesis narratives and in a literary tradition, which both ceaselessly inspire her work.

Dans le roman d’aventures médiéval, le thème de la fuite ne peut être perçu de manière uniforme mais en fonction du sexe du personnage principal. L’homme qui fuit est un couard déshonoré, la femme en fuite un nouveau prototype d’héroïne. En effet, être en fuite, suppose d’errer dans un univers inconnu, regorgeant de territoires pas toujours domestiqués par l’homme et largement inexplorés par la femme, l’espace extérieur restant traditionnellement un terrain de chasse masculin. Identités mouvantes trahies par le déguisement et la mouvance de leur nom, étapes laborieuses marquées par la nécessité de gagner sa vie, virilité parfois à toute épreuve, ces jeunes demoiselles sillonnent les contrées en quête d’elles-mêmes. Seul rempart contre le suicide, la fuite féminine synthétise une révolte avouée et exprimée. Donner ainsi la parole à des femmes dans des schémas narratifs éprouvés, les faire coexister aux côtés des chevaliers errants, c’est bien leur permettre de poser, ou de redécouvrir, les bases de leur identité. Parfois assistées dans leur démarche brutale, elles s’attribuent désormais la responsabilité d’elles-mêmes et acquièrent peu à peu une indépendance qui, jusque-là, était irréalisable à l’intérieur des murs de leur forteresse androcentrique. Aussi, fuir leur confère-t-elles un contrôle tout à fait inédit de leur personne. La circulation des femmes dans les romans du Moyen Âge demeure donc un enjeu non seulement narratif, mais aussi social, privé, humain. A l’heure de la redécouverte des grandes aventurières des XIXe et XXe siècles, l’accent est porté sur une nouvelle mobilité de la femme. Notre thèse regarde plus en avant et examine des femmes nomades dans les fictions romanesques médiévales. Ce motif fédérateur rassemble vraisemblablement quelques topoï notoires issus de sources anciennes mythologiques récupérées par la littérature du Moyen Âge. Il s’agira de décrypter l’architecture de ce motif pour en déterminer les origines. / In medieval adventure novels, the theme of escape is not treated in an balanced manner but depends on the gender of the main character. The man who flees is a dishonored coward while the fleeing woman represents a new prototype of heroin. It appears that being on the run involves wandering into an unknown world full of territories which are not always domesticated by men and which are largely unexplored by women, because, traditionally, this outer space represents a male hunting territory. Their changing identities betrayed by the disguise and by the instability of their names, laborious steps marked by the need to earn a living, and sometimes a virility in every challenge, this is what defines these young women who go across the countries as seekers of themselves The feminine at flight which implies an admitted and spoken rebellion, is the only defense against suicide. Thus, giving voice to women in proven narrative patterns, making them coexist alongside the errant knights, it is a perfect way which allows them to settle, or to rediscover, the basis of their identity. Even though they are sometimes assisted in their brutal steps, henceforth they assume the responsibility upon themselves, and gradually acquire an independence which, hitherto, was impossible within the walls of their androcentric fortress. Fleeing gives them also a completely new control of themselves. The women running in the novels of the Middle Ages represents a challenge not only from a narrative aspect but also from a social, private, and human view point. At the time of the rediscovery of the great adventurers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the emphasis falls on a new mobility of women. Our thesis looks further away and examines nomadic women in medieval romance fiction. This unifying pattern is likely to bring together some known topoi from ancient mythological sources, retrieved by the literature of the Middle Ages. Our aim is to decrypt the architecture of this pattern in order to determine its origins as well.

Autism poses many internal challenges, from increased sensory overwhelm and cognitive inflexibility to navigating co-occurring conditions like depression and anxiety. In addition, Autistic persons may use different internal working models to transact with other agents in the world. These population differences may result in empathy gaps. How do scientists minimize the resulting psychological distress associated with these challenges and empathy gaps? A psychoeducational program for global cognition was developed that attempts to integrate psychological research to design a prosthetic internal working model. The result is EM-Theory (Elemental Model), a 4x4 (sixteen elemental module) psychoeducational matrix called the Skew Metric. EM-Theory may evoke increased psychoeducational insight into the mechanics of cognitive architecture in a manner that is always accessible because it is optimized for limited capacity visuospatial working memory. It is hypothesized that an increased understanding of cognitive mechanics may increase capacities to self-regulate psychological distress. Emphasis was placed on four reportable elemental modules as a significant cause of psychological distress. A small conceptual study was conducted with 10 participants with autism spectrum differences (ASD) and ten participants from the typically developing population (TD). Measures were taken to capture attributes of psychological distress from four reportable elemental modules (worry, rumination, distraction from mindfulness, and loss of mental vigilance), as well as measures designed to capture each ASD participant’s relationship with internalized narratives implicating their autism. General conclusions were not drawn from this small sample study. However, individual differences were described as a proof of concept on how a quantitative test may be further developed to provide accurate and meaningful feedback to assist beyond introspection. / Graduate