Engaging in Cree ceremonies, in one manner, is a legal act. It is also a gendered act as well. Thus, ceremony is one avenue to seek both legal and gendered transformations. The transformational processes this thesis contemplates are the protocols (or rules of procedure) involved in Cree sweat lodge (matotisân) and pipe (ospwakân) ceremonies. Some of these protocols are gendered in nature, in that they set out different actions based upon sex or gender. Looking at gender is a necessary part of our continuing work with Indigenous legal orders. Further, engaging in ceremony as legal practice offers one avenue in addressing the potentials for inequality that gendered protocols bring about. While this research does not seek a definitive resolution to some critical discourses about gendered protocols, it focuses on their legal nature to explore processes of change that reaffirm the sanctity of Cree ceremonial spaces while opening up these spaces for radical dissent. This research asks: (1) What are the processes for changing the gendered nature of protocols in Cree ceremonies, and as result changing Cree law? (2) What are the barriers within Cree social practices that prevent ceremonial change? (3) What are the potential dangers Cree spiritual and legal practices changing? In order to maintain the integrity of the knowledge systems resident in Cree ceremonies, to uphold our obligations to the relations involved in the ceremonies, and to avoid potentials for violence in our deconstructions or transformation, an ethos of deep relationality should inform our processes of change. This means seeking out methods of change that are already resident within ceremonial structures, and ensuring reciprocity when we actively seek transformations by upholding obligations resident in nehiyaw piimatisiwin (Cree way of life/being). / Graduate

The thesis deals with only one of many problems of the founding plan dealing with online lending tools. It the thesis I'm interested in how the tools store and prepare to dispatch, how to distribute it and how to find the optimal way of distribution. The optimal way has been found as the result of a few imaginary distributions. The distances match to the reality. The stops have come from the estimate based on the demand analysis. The thesis is divided to two parts, to the theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part are theoretically explained the used methods in the practical are the methods practically used.

The aim of this paper is to present the St. James Ways as an important product of modern tourism and focus on the pilgrim routes, specifically on the route Vía de la Plata, which will be analyzed from the cyclist point of view. The first part of this paper deals with the definition of the pilgrimage tourism, describes some of the most interesting pilgrim places, presents the history of the pilgrimage. The following chapter presents the main statistic data about tourism in Spain, information about the St. James Ways, including their history and development and the forms of promotion in general. The next part explains the historic and religion background, presents the practical information, and forms of promotion of the Vía de la Plata, simultaneously analyzes the focus on the cyclist as a specific tourist segment. The last part deals with the official pilgrimage statistic data and confirms the increasing interest in the St. James Ways. Substantial are the results of the survey, representing how the cycling segment is interested in this form of modern tourism.

O presente trabalho propõe uma abordagem abrangente para descrever a evolução da região central da Via Láctea, compreendendo-se aí o bojo, a barra e as interfaces dos mesmos com o limite interno do disco e com a região central do halo. Pretende-se investigar as propriedades químicas e cinemáticas destas estruturas, que são interconectadas, com o objetivo de separá-las e aplicar os resultados daí obtidos a um modelo de formação e evolução do bojo e da região interna do disco que descreva simultaneamente distintos aspectos da evolução da região central da Galáxia. Na primeira parte do trabalho, uma amostra de nebulosas planetárias (NPs) localizadas no disco interno e no bojo da Galáxia é utilizada para encontrar a distância galactocêntrica que melhor separa estas duas populações, do ponto de vista das abundâncias. Foram utilizadas escalas de distâncias estatísticas para o estudo da distribuição das abundâncias na interface bojo-disco. A aplicação do teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov mostrou que, em média, a população interna não segue o gradiente radial de abundâncias do disco na direção do centro galáctico. Baseado neste estudo, propõe-se uma distância galactocêntrica de 1.5 kpc para definir a interface bojo-disco. Na segunda parte do trabalho, foram realizadas observações espectrofotométricas de 21 NPs localizadas na direção do centro da Galáxia com o telescópio SOAR. Estes objetos estão localizados bem próximos ao plano galáctico na direção central da Via Láctea, onde não existem dados de NPs na literatura. Os resultados mostram que as NPs localizadas nesta região apresentam baixas abundâncias de oxigênio comparadas com as NPs do disco interno e de outras regiões do bojo. Os resultados indicam que o bojo apresenta uma complexa composição de populações estelares. Por um lado, a presença de nebulosas com baixas abundâncias mostra que o bojo pode ter se formado a partir de um disco galáctico antigo através de uma evolução secular. Por outro lado, existem alguns objetos do bojo para os quais as abundâncias coincidem com o limite do gradiente radial do disco nesta região. Esta é uma evidência para um bojo composto por duas ou mais populações: uma originada do disco fino, e outra originada do disco espesso. Na última parte do trabalho propõe-se a inclusão de fluxos radiais de gás em um modelo de evolução química para simular os efeitos de uma barra localizada no centro da Galáxia nas distribuições de abundâncias, densidade de gás e taxa de formação estelar (SFR). Os resultados das simulações indicam que os modelos com fluxos de gás apresentam uma SFR mais alta no bojo e que os perfis da SFR e da densidade de gás na região central são melhor reproduzidos após a inclusão dos fluxos radiais no modelo. As simulações indicam ainda que o gradiente de abundâncias do disco é mais plano para o caso da inclusão da barra. Estes resultados indicam que a barra e os fluxos de gás exercem um importante papel na formação de estrelas no centro das galáxias espirais barradas. / This project proposes a comprehensive approach to describe the evolution of the central region of the Galaxy, comprising the bulge, the bar and their interfaces with the inner disk and the central region of the halo. We intend to investigate the chemical and kinematic properties of these structures, which are interconnected, aiming to separate them and apply these results to a model for the formation and evolution of the bulge and inner disk, capable to describe simultaneously distinct aspects of the evolution of the central region of the Galaxy. First, a sample of planetary nebulae (PNe) located in the inner-disk and bulge of the Galaxy is used in order to find the galactocentric distance that better separates these two populations, from the point of view of abundances. Statistical distance scales were used to study the distribution of abundances across the disk-bulge interface. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to find the distance in which the chemical properties of these regions better separates. The results of the statistical analysis indicate that, on the average, the inner population has lower abundances than the outer. Additionally, for the $\\alpha$-elements abundances, the inner population does not follow the disk radial gradient towards the galactic centre. Based on our results, we suggest a bulge-disk interface at 1.5 kpc, marking the transition between the bulge and inner-disk of the Galaxy, as defined by the intermediate mass population. Second, we present spectrophotometric observations for a sample of 21 PNe located towards the galactic centre of the Galaxy. The abundances are derived based on observations in the optical domain made at the SOAR telescope. Their location is interesting since there are no observations of PNe in this region. The data show lower oxygen abundances compared to those from PNe located in the inner disk and other bulge regions. The results show that the bulge has a complex composition of stellar populations. The presence of PNe with low abundances indicates that the bulge might be formed from an old galactic disk through secular evolution. On the other hand, other objects from our sample have abundances compared to those from inner disk PNe. This is evidence that two or more populations might compose the bulge: one originated from the thin disk, and the other from the thick disk. Last, we propose a chemical evolution model that includes radial gas flows. This is done in order to mimic the effects of the galactic bar on the chemical abundances distributions and the gas density profiles and the star formation rate (SFR). The results of the models with radial flows point to a high SFR in the bulge and, additionally, the SFR and gas density profiles in the inner Galaxy are better reproduced after the inclusion of radial gas flows in the model. After including a specific velocity pattern for the bar, the results show a flattening of the radial abundance gradient. Our results indicate that radial gas flows may play an important role in the star formation near the centre of barred spiral galaxies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO_DISSERTACAO_final Francisco.pdf: 1896886 bytes, checksum: af5492dff9b4dfd6836faec9c6072fc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / This work is the result of a research developed in the Master Program of Education, search line 2 Pedagogical Formation and Practice of Teacher from Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE. The research aimed to investigate how the graduated students from Tourism Course with emphasis in hotel, realized the role of their Course in their professional lives. The quantity-qualitative research involved 48 graduated students. The data were collected from a questionnaire with opened and closed questions. Concerning to the results, the search brought important information to a reflexive auto-evaluation process as: while students, the majority of them had expectations about the insertion of this professional in the tourism area, and nowadays, half of them are out of their professional area; only 33,3% declared absolutely satisfied with the course; in suggesting changes to improve the Course, the focus was in practical activities, apparently trying to translate a technician view of the Pedagogical Politic Project of the Course. Concluding, the dialogue with the graduated students was essential to renew the thought of the Course staff bringing challenge questions. / Esta dissertação é resultado de pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Mestrado em Educação, linha de pesquisa 2 Formação e Prática Pedagógica do Profissional Docente, da Universidade do Oeste Paulista. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a forma como os egressos do Curso de Turismo da Unoeste percebem o papel que o curso desempenhou na sua formação profissional. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como quanti-qualitativa, envolvendo 48 egressos do curso de Turismo, com ênfase em Hotelaria, da Unoeste. Para a coleta de dados recorreu-se a um questionário com perguntas fechadas e com perguntas abertas. Em relação aos resultados, a pesquisa trouxe importantes informações para o processo reflexivo de autoavaliação, por exemplo: enquanto eram alunos, a maioria nutria expectativa da inserção do profissional na área de turismo; hoje, como egressos, a metade está fora da área do bacharelado; apenas 33,3% dos egressos manifestaram-se como plenamente satisfeitos com o curso. Ao sugerirem mudanças para melhorar o curso, o foco foi em atividades práticas, parecendo traduzir uma visão tecnicista do Projeto Político Pedagógico do curso. Concluindo, o diálogo com os egressos é fundamental para a renovação das linhas de pensamento do curso, trazendo perguntas desafiadoras.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO_DISSERTACAO_final Francisco.pdf: 1896886 bytes, checksum: af5492dff9b4dfd6836faec9c6072fc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / This work is the result of a research developed in the Master Program of Education, search line 2 Pedagogical Formation and Practice of Teacher from Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE. The research aimed to investigate how the graduated students from Tourism Course with emphasis in hotel, realized the role of their Course in their professional lives. The quantity-qualitative research involved 48 graduated students. The data were collected from a questionnaire with opened and closed questions. Concerning to the results, the search brought important information to a reflexive auto-evaluation process as: while students, the majority of them had expectations about the insertion of this professional in the tourism area, and nowadays, half of them are out of their professional area; only 33,3% declared absolutely satisfied with the course; in suggesting changes to improve the Course, the focus was in practical activities, apparently trying to translate a technician view of the Pedagogical Politic Project of the Course. Concluding, the dialogue with the graduated students was essential to renew the thought of the Course staff bringing challenge questions. / Esta dissertação é resultado de pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Mestrado em Educação, linha de pesquisa 2 Formação e Prática Pedagógica do Profissional Docente, da Universidade do Oeste Paulista. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a forma como os egressos do Curso de Turismo da Unoeste percebem o papel que o curso desempenhou na sua formação profissional. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como quanti-qualitativa, envolvendo 48 egressos do curso de Turismo, com ênfase em Hotelaria, da Unoeste. Para a coleta de dados recorreu-se a um questionário com perguntas fechadas e com perguntas abertas. Em relação aos resultados, a pesquisa trouxe importantes informações para o processo reflexivo de autoavaliação, por exemplo: enquanto eram alunos, a maioria nutria expectativa da inserção do profissional na área de turismo; hoje, como egressos, a metade está fora da área do bacharelado; apenas 33,3% dos egressos manifestaram-se como plenamente satisfeitos com o curso. Ao sugerirem mudanças para melhorar o curso, o foco foi em atividades práticas, parecendo traduzir uma visão tecnicista do Projeto Político Pedagógico do curso. Concluindo, o diálogo com os egressos é fundamental para a renovação das linhas de pensamento do curso, trazendo perguntas desafiadoras.

Esta dissertação aborda o modo de vida e a leitura da paisagem dos boiadeiros no Complexo Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense. Os boiadeiros representam parte dos trabalhadores da pecuária, uma importante atividade econômica nesta região. Montados em burros, atravessam diversas paisagens viajando até meses, conduzindo grande quantidade de gado pertencente a pecuaristas. Devido à escassez de material disponível na literatura foram coletados relatos, principalmente, de entrevistas com interlocutores locais, suas histórias de vida e através do acompanhamento presencial de Comitivas de boiadeiros. Para compreensão do tema adotou-se a concepção de paisagem como lugar no contexto de populações tradicionais, considerando o significado dado pelas experiências vividas e representações simbólicas. A descrição contextualizada de Geertz (1989) trouxe contribuições metodológicas para fundamentar o trabalho de campo e auxiliar na interpretação dos dados. Deste modo, buscou-se esboçar o universo cultural do boiadeiro, descrevendo a estrutura e o cotidiano desta atividade, que segue o ritmo das águas do Pantanal, estabelecendo as fases de enchentes, cheias, vazantes e estiagens. Além disto, por meio de relatos de boiadeiros foram elaborados mapas de alguns dos roteiros destas viagens, identificando-se os marcos referenciais da paisagem cultural e um matiz de linguagens como estratégias de orientação. A interpretação de dados proporcionou uma discussão sobre as contradições e adaptações no modo de vida dos boiadeiros frente às mudanças econômicas e sociais, reconhecendo sua persistência, singularidade e complexidade como um conhecimento extreitamente integrado às paisagens pantaneiras. As reflexões nesta pesquisa pretendem apontar uma diferente perspectiva, de acordo com a importância do valor cultural dos boiadeiros pantaneiros. / This dissertation discusses the way of life and the landscape reading of cattle drovers in the South-Mato-Grosso Pantanal Complex. The drovers represent part of the workforce in the cattle raising, which is an important economic activity in this region. Mounted on donkeys, they cross different landscapes, traveling even for months and driving a large number of herds owned by ranchers. Due to the scarcity of available research material in literature, data was collected mainly from interviews with local counterparts about their life stories and through the monitoring of cattle drovers grouped together. To comprehend the theme, it was adopted the landscape conception as a place in the context of traditional people, taking into consideration the meaning given by life experiences and symbolic representations. The contextual description of Geertz (1989) brought methodological contributions to support the field work and to assist in data interpretation. Thus, we attempted to sketch the cultural universe of the drovers, describing the structure and daily life of this activity, which follows the rhythm of the Pantanal waters, establishing the stages of rising waters, floods, receding waters and droughts. Moreover, maps of some itineraries of these trips were drawn through drovers reports, identifying the landmarks and a tinge of languages as strategic orientation. The data interpretation provided a discussion about the contradictions and changes in the way of life of drovers once facing economic and social changes, recognizing its persistence, uniqueness and complexity as a closely integrated knowledge to the Pantanal landscapes. The reflections in this research intend to target a different perspective, according to the importance of the cultural value of the Pantanal drovers.

Les alliages à mémoire de forme (AMF) sont des matériaux métalliques qui présentent des propriétés thermomécaniques particulières, et notamment l’effet mémoire de forme. L’étude réalisée durant la thèse concerne la création de systèmes actifs double-sens à l'aide de fils AMF à effet mémoire simple-sens. Trois modèles analogiques simples, représentant trois catégories de solutions constructives, ont été développés. Ces modèles correspondent à des types de couplages mécaniques différents entre un (ou des) fil(s) AMF et une structure mécanique. Par exemple, le modèle le plus simple consiste à utiliser un unique fil AMF couplé à un système mécanique constitué d’une structure monolithique déformable. Lorsque l’on chauffe l’AMF, on active l’effet mémoire de forme, ce qui entraîne une déformation de la structure. Lorsque l’on refroidit l’AMF, la rigidité propre de la structure entraîne une déformation dans le sens inverse à celui de la phase de chauffage. Plusieurs démonstrateurs ont été également construits et analysés durant la thèse. Cette étude montre la possibilité de concevoir des structures actives pilotées par des AMF, ce qui ouvre des perspectives pour le contrôle des déformations ou des contraintes dans des structures. / Shape memory alloys (SMA) are metallic materials that have particular thermomechanical properties, including the shape memory effect. The study carried out during the thesis concerns the creation of two-way active systems using SMA wires exhibiting one-way memory effect. Three simple analog models, representing three classes of constructive solutions, have been developed. These models correspond to different types of mechanical coupling between one (or more) SMA wire(s) and a mechanical structure. For example, the simplest configuration is a single SMA wire coupled to a mechanical system consisting of a deformable monolithic structure. When the SMA is heated, the shape memory effect is activated, which causes the deformation of the structure. When cooling the SMA, the inherent rigidity of the structure causes a deformation in the opposite direction to that of the heating phase. Several demonstrators were also constructed and analyzed during the thesis. This study demonstrates the possibility of designing active structures driven by SMAs, which opens prospects for the control of deformations or stresses in structures.

This thesis is about teaching and learning in way finding and map reading. The aim of the study is to investigate children’s ability to perceive the relationship between objects in the nature and map symbols in order to make a positioning. The aim is also to investigate what teaching might facilitate this ability. The study sets out to identify critical features related to the object of learning, that might constitute learning obstacles or problems, and then to discuss possible teaching methods to overcome these problems. The method used is a school based physical education intervention study de-rived from Learning Study principles. In a Learning Study, teachers collaborate in an iterative process to explore their students learning. The students’ ways of perceiving the object of learning is analysed through a phenomenographic ap-proach and the variation theory is used for planning and analysing the studied lessons. Three lessons were videotaped and field notes were taken along with some interviews. The sample consisted of three groups of ten-year-old pupils (n=53) and six teachers. Four critical features of the learning object were identified in the study: a) to perceive objects in nature and understand how these can be represented on the map: b) to perceive objects in nature to make a positioning on the map: c) to perceive objects in nature and its location to make a positioning in relation to the previous positioning and d) to perceive relationships between objects in nature and symbols on the map and take these into account when describing position. The study shows how children’s ability to perceive objects in the nature and map symbols to make a positioning can be improved when they have the possi-bility to discern the critical features in different ways. In conclusion, that what was taught seemed to be reflected in what the pupils learned. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that it is not sufficient merely to name the critical features to the pupils, instead they must be possible to be discerned by the pupils in order for learning to take place. A final reflection is that the theoretical framework used, variation theory, is a powerful tool for analysing lessons that contributed to the analysis of teaching and learning. / <p>Forskarstuderande Kerstin Nilsson har ingått i <em>Forskarskolan idrott och hälsas didaktik </em>(FIHD), en forskarskola som ingått i statens satsning på forskarutbildning av förskollärare och lärare. Satsningen beslutades våren 2011 och har varit ett led i att kompetenshöja verksamma lärare och, i förlängningen, stärka elevernas kunskaper. Forskarskolan har bedrivits som ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, Örebro universitet och Malmö högskola. Totalt har 15 forskarstuderande ingått i FIHD, och varje lärosäte har ansvarat för fem forskarstuderande var. Centrala mål för forskarskolan har varit att utgöra ett nav för ämnesdidaktisk kunskapsutveckling av ämnet idrott och hälsa, och att bidra till att bygga upp skolämnet idrott och hälsas didaktiska kunskapsbas med hjälp av praktiknära forskningsansatser.</p> / Forskningslinjen Utbildning

The core support for social democratic parties has long rested in labour union members. That is no less true for the Swedish Social Democratic party (SAP) in relation to the main industrial labour union (LO). The support for SAP among LO-member has however faltered in recent years, and increasingly the core voters are lending their support to the Sweden Democrats (SD), a right-wing populist party. The purpose of this study was to identify possible explanations as to why the core voters have abandoned the party, with an emphasis on the party’s own actions and strategy. The method to achieve this were extensive interviews with experts at LO, through which both pre-existing as well as new modells of explanations were developed and presented. Crucially the factors and models intended to explain this occurrence is thus rooted in an union perspective, since the interviewees are expected to express the clearest analysis of the situation, as well as represent the interests of their members. The study has found a number of possible reasons for the core voter flight. 1) Underlying reasons, i.e changes in the socioeconomic structure, due to among other things urbanisation, increased employment and education opportunities – which has eroded working class consciousness and thus the degree of class voting. Furthermore SAP has exacerbated the situation, either 2) subconsciously by adopting new frames of references and changing the party’s class character, or 3) consciously by pursuing a supra-class strategy in order to maximize votes. Regardless of how or why the party currently lacks its former ability to appeal to its working class base. Furthermore it can in part be ascribed to a prioritizing of strategic aims above ideological ones. However, the party can reverse the trend of core voter flight by refocusing on classic social democratic policies of redistribution, welfare, and class politics.