Can texture embody the idea of a place? Or does a place provide meaning to the textures used to construct it? This thesis seeks to explore the contribution of texture to our understanding of, and relationship with, the built environment. To test this, a mixed use program will be explored in the neighborhood of Mount Vernon Square in Washington, DC. / Master of Architecture

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The fabric of the city. A folded roof plane. Textile brick. The density of a weave. A fabric's structure. A hem's meter. The selvage. The fringe. Weaving. The connections drawn between textiles and architecture are limitless. Can a building and the processes that occur within it stitch together the holes in a city? The project explores the relationship between weaving and architecture. Can all aspects of the building - from spatial sequences and circulation to structure and skin - be woven? / Master of Architecture

The aim of this essay has been to investigate the use and traditios of double weaves during the old Vasa period in Sweden, the so called Ryssväv (Russian Weave). Questions focused are: what was the magnitude of the double weaves produced in Sweden, was there a considerable import from Finland, how were the double weaves used, did it differ between bigger and smaller royal estates, was the building type of importance for the furnishing? Ryssväv has been categorized both as an "everyday article", and as art weave, but what was its status, and what status did the craftsmen have compared to other craftsmen? The preserved double weaves from the late medieval period in Sweden-Finland has served as a direct source for my examination and as such the theory and method of my work has been Material culture. Most likely the double weaves of the Vasa period were similar, in both quality and esthetics. My primary sources have been fatbursräkenskaper (household accounts) from two royal estates, Rävsnäs and Gripsholm. In these accounts I have tried to find documentation telling something about the use ad status of ryssväv, and about the craftsmen who made them. The examination demonstrates that the use and production differed between Gripsholm and Rävsnäs; it is likely that this has to do with the building type, stone or wood. About the status of the craftsmen, one example is that of a female weaver recieving more money, for her ryssväv, than a male painter, for his paintings in the king's chamber. What has been claimed by some scientists, that most of the double weaves from the Vasa period, were imported from Finland, can be incorrect, according to my investigation. This hypothesis is left for future research to investigate.

Stand Up Weave explores multiple-layer weaving from a sculptural and spatial perspective in combination with non-textile materials as a way of challanging what weaving can be and how it can be developed in the changing textile industry. The aim was to develop three-dimensional fabrics by hand weaving in multiple layers with integrated supporting structures to achieve sculptural textile objects directed towards experimental textile design. The work investigates and develops methods of how to design and produce complete textile objects directly in the loom without industrial machines or finishing processes such as sewing together parts. The result is a collection of three woven objects, each exhibiting different ways of constructing three-dimensional textiles with individual solutions for warp planning, weaving and supporting structures.

The current study examined if there was a statistically significant difference between Black females' hair preferences with regard to their levels of self-esteem. The researcher also examined if there was a statistically significant correlation between Black females' hair satisfaction and their self-esteem. Participants were given a 26-item online questionnaire that consisted of items from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem and Bankhead and Johnson Hair-Esteem Scale. A multiple comparison analysis revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the self-esteem levels of Black females' based on their preferred hair preferences (f ( 4, 95) = 1.126, p=.349). However, a correlation analysis did indicate that higher levels of self-esteem were associated with higher levels of hair satisfaction - how satisfied one is with her hair (r =.540, n=99, p=.000).

Woven (also known as textile) composites are one class of polymer matrix composites with increasing market share in aerospace, autmobile, civil infrastructure applications mostly due to their lightweight, their flexibility to form into desired shape, their mechanical properties and toughness. Due to the viscoelasticity of the polymer matrix, time-dependent degradation in modulus (creep) and strength (creep rupture) are two of the major mechanical properties required by engineers to design a structure reliably when using these materials. Unfortunately, creep and creep rupture of woven composites have received little attention by the research community and thus, there is a dire need to generate additional knowledge and prediction models, given the increasing market share of woven composites in load bearing structural applications. In this thesis, an analytical creep model, namely the Modified Equivalent Laminate Model (MELM), was developed to predict tensile creep of plain weave composites for any orientation of the load with respect to the orientation of the fill and warp fibers, using creep of unidirectional composites. The model was validated using an extensive experimental involving the tensile creep of plain weave composites under varying loading orientation and service conditions. Plain weave epoxy (F263)/ carbon fiber (T300) composite, currently used in aerospace applications, was procured as fabrics from Hexcel Corporation. Creep tests were conducted under two loading conditions: on-axis loading (00) and off-axis loading (450). Constant load creep, in the temperature range of 80–2400C and stress range of 1-70% UTS of the composites, was experimentally evaluated for time periods ranging from 1–120 hours under both loading conditions. The composite showed increase in creep with increase in temperature and stress. Creep of composite increased with increase in angle of loading, from 1% under on-axis loading to 31% under off-axis loading, within the tested time window. The experimental creep data for plain weave composites were superposed using TTSP (Time Temperature Superposition Principle) to obtain a master curve of experimental data extending to several years and was compared with model predictions to validate the model. The experimental and model results were found in good agreement within an error range of +1-3% under both loading conditions. A parametric study was also conducted to understand the effect of microstructure of plain weave composites on its on-axis and off-axis creep. Additionally, this thesis generated knowledge on time-dependent damage in woven composites and its effect on creep and tensile properties and their prediction.

Woven (also known as textile) composites are one class of polymer matrix composites with increasing market share in aerospace, autmobile, civil infrastructure applications mostly due to their lightweight, their flexibility to form into desired shape, their mechanical properties and toughness. Due to the viscoelasticity of the polymer matrix, time-dependent degradation in modulus (creep) and strength (creep rupture) are two of the major mechanical properties required by engineers to design a structure reliably when using these materials. Unfortunately, creep and creep rupture of woven composites have received little attention by the research community and thus, there is a dire need to generate additional knowledge and prediction models, given the increasing market share of woven composites in load bearing structural applications. In this thesis, an analytical creep model, namely the Modified Equivalent Laminate Model (MELM), was developed to predict tensile creep of plain weave composites for any orientation of the load with respect to the orientation of the fill and warp fibers, using creep of unidirectional composites. The model was validated using an extensive experimental involving the tensile creep of plain weave composites under varying loading orientation and service conditions. Plain weave epoxy (F263)/ carbon fiber (T300) composite, currently used in aerospace applications, was procured as fabrics from Hexcel Corporation. Creep tests were conducted under two loading conditions: on-axis loading (00) and off-axis loading (450). Constant load creep, in the temperature range of 80–2400C and stress range of 1-70% UTS of the composites, was experimentally evaluated for time periods ranging from 1–120 hours under both loading conditions. The composite showed increase in creep with increase in temperature and stress. Creep of composite increased with increase in angle of loading, from 1% under on-axis loading to 31% under off-axis loading, within the tested time window. The experimental creep data for plain weave composites were superposed using TTSP (Time Temperature Superposition Principle) to obtain a master curve of experimental data extending to several years and was compared with model predictions to validate the model. The experimental and model results were found in good agreement within an error range of +1-3% under both loading conditions. A parametric study was also conducted to understand the effect of microstructure of plain weave composites on its on-axis and off-axis creep. Additionally, this thesis generated knowledge on time-dependent damage in woven composites and its effect on creep and tensile properties and their prediction.

I den här rapporten undersöks hur en vävd textil kan fungera som ett hjälpmedel i analys av vätskor, såsom förorenat vatten eller blod från människor och djur. Det finns i dagsläget ett stort forskningsområde, kallat mikrofluidik, som behandlar förflyttning av vätska i kanaler på mikrometerstora ytor, där det här projektet till viss del kan hjälpa forskningen på området att komma framåt ytterligare ett steg.   Undersökningen har genomförts med hjälp av tester i laboratorium där en väv i polyeten, med kanaler i Coolmax® (polyester) för att transportera vätskan har använts. En mängd olika testomgångar med olika fokus, har genomförts: test i bitar med raka kanaler, test där wickingen avbrutits med hjälp av sax, test där wickingen har pausats på olika sätt för att sedan startas på nytt samt ett mindre antal tester där försök till styrning av vätskan. Syftet har varit att undersöka huruvida alla sex utvalda vätskor (metylenblått, mjölk, nötblod, olivolja, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) och syntetisk urin) har en förmåga att wicka och om det finns skillnader mellan hur långt vätskorna förflyttar sig.   Wickingtesterna har genomförts i både horisontellt och vertikalt läge, detta för att se om och i så fall hur mycket det skiljer, gällande hur långt en vätska flödar i kanalen. Det som framkommit i projektet är att alla vätskorna hade en förmåga att wicka. Metylenblått förflyttade sig längst i horisontellt läge medan urin förflyttades längst i vertikalt läge. Nötblodet förflyttade sig kortast sträcka i både horisontellt och vertikalt läge. Det som däremot har varit svårt att fastställa är vad skillnaderna egentligen beror på. Baserat på matematiska formler för wicking har det konstaterats att vätskornas kontaktvinkel bör ha betydelse, men detta har dessvärre inte kunnat undersökas i det här projektet. / This thesis examines how a woven textile can act as an aid in the analysis of fluids, such as contaminated water or blood from humans and animals. There is currently a large research area, called microfluidics, which deals with the movement of fluid in channels on micrometer-sized surfaces, where this project can, to some extent, fill some gaps and open for further questions in other parts.   The study has been carried out by using laboratory tests where a polyethylene weave, with channels in Coolmax® (polyester) for transporting the liquid has been used. Several different test rounds with a little different focus have been carried out: test in straight pieces, tests where the wicking has been interrupted by scissors, tests where the wicking has been paused and then restarted, and a smaller number of tests where attempts to control and navigate the fluid has been tested. The purpose has been to investigate whether all six selected fluids (methylene blue, milk, blood from bovine, olive oil, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and synthetic urine) have the ability of wicking and if there are differences between the fluids, and how far they reach.   The wicking tests have been carried out in both horizontal and vertical positions, to see if and if so, how much it differs, how far a fluid reaches. What emerged from the project is that all the liquids had the ability to wick. Methylene blue was the fluid that moved furthest in the horizontal position while urine moved furthest in the vertical position. The blood from bovine moved the shortest distance in both horizontal and vertical positions. What has, however, been difficult to determine is what the differences really depend on. Based on mathematical formulas for wicking, it has been found that the contact angle of the liquids should be important, but this have not been investigated in this project.

We study a novel structure employing the woven continuous carbon fiber (CCF) epoxy composite with high electromagnetic (EM) shielding. The influences of wove type, number and angle of overlapped plates upon the shielding effectiveness (SE) of wove CCF epoxy composite are investigated. The minimum SE of the single, double, and triple plain or balanced twill woven CCF composite plates were measured to be as high as 50 dB, 60 dB, and 70 dB, respectively. More than 100 dB of SE was obtained for the triple overlapped plain wove CCF composite at frequency of 0.9 GHz. The weight percentage of single CCF composite plate required for electronic application was 4.8% only, which was less than one quarter of the carbon fiber (CF) content and the performance of SE was 10 dB higher in comparison with long CF filled liquid crystal polymer composites. The SE calculated theoretically is consistent with that measured by the experiment. We have demonstrated a new woven CCF epoxy composite with high EM shielding. This work may lead to the development of effective shielding for plastic optical transceiver modules to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI) for use in low cost and lightwave communication systems.