Due to rapid development of the internet, it changes the life style of the human. The internet expert had reported that we are now in Web2.0 era. This research tries to explore how web GIS can fullfil the spirit of the Web2.0 and its possible applications. The first step of the research is to review the related techniques and applications of Geospatial web services and Web2.0. Then, a system with open GIS data structure was proposed and a web system was also established according to the spirit of Web2.0 - ¡§user participation¡¨. Web Map Services (WMS) and Web Feature Services (WFS) defined by Open Geospatial Consortium(OGC) were used in Geospatial web services system to search and view Geospatial data on the internet. Users can integrate spatial data from various sources on the internet and their own geospatial data and save as Web Map Context (WMC) file format. Then, WMC can be exchanged by other OGC Geospatial web services. In addition, the system supports file format transformation from WMC to KML, which is compatible with Google Earth. So users can use Google Earth to view the spatial layer information more easily. This study also developed a platform to demonstrate geospatial information in the blog, so users can share their Geospatial data in open GIS format with other bloggers. The system also use Google Map API and folksonomy in the data sharing process in order to speed up the web flow and to communicate their comments more easily.

Although proprietary and free web map applications have become an important part of daily life, individual map styling has been neglected for a fairly long time. With the latest possibilities of custom adjustment provided by many services and some interesting artistic experiments, this is about to change. In the context of artistic cartography and custom map styling, this work explores the possibilities of employing an automated process for the generation of WMTS compatible map tiles with an artistic styling. Web mapping standards and techniques of non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) are considered as well as traditional cartographic representations. Furthermore, existing vector- and raster-based processes are analyzed including an interactive workflow with the open-source image editing software GIMP, which is examined with respect to its drawing capabilities. Based on this, a concept for an automated rendering process is developed and influencing factors along with input parameters are discussed. An experimental automated processing is implemented using GIMP and its Python scripting interface to create single maps and seamless map tiles for the use in a WMTS application. Different drawing techniques of GIMP, such as brushes, dynamics and masks are applied during the rendering process. Geodata is taken from the freely available OpenStreetMap project and it is stored in a geodatabase. Furthermore, the GIS capabilities of the database are used to implement custom query procedures for the creation of seamless tiles, feature simplification and generalization that makes a preprocessing of the data unnecessary. Additionally randomization methods for the estrangement and abstraction of the SVG vector graphics geometry to emulate a hand-drawn appearance are created based on non-photorealistic rendering techniques. As a result, various rendering and abstraction processes are evaluated and discussed regarding their contribution to an artistic appearance. Map tiles are created using these stylings which are WMTS compatible and can be presented in a web mapping application.

I dagens samhälle så används internet mer och mer för att få fram information, så är även fallet förkartor. I denna uppsats, som gjorts på uppdrag av Tieto Sweden Healthcare & Welfare för att kunnaanvändas i systemet Laps Care, kommer det tas upp lösningar för att hämta geografisk data viakarttjänster med hjälp av Web Map Service (WMS) tjänster i en .NET applikation.Detta examensarbete kommer att ta upp, på en grundläggande nivå, hur WMS-standarden kananvändas av en klient för att visa digitala kartor från en WMS-tjänst samt lite kort om andraalternativ till WMS så som Web Map Service Tile Cache (WMS-C) och Tile Map Service (TMS)tjänster. Det ges olika förslag på open source komponenter som kan användas för att hantera sådanatjänster med fokus på SharpMap som valdes att användas i prototypen som gjordes för att visa huren sådan klient kan se ut.Uppsatsen kommer också behandla kartografi där det kortfattat förklaras om vilka riktlinjer somborde tas för en karta.I andra stycket tas kortfattat upp hur webbtjänster fungerar och även vad det finns för för- ochnackdelar att använda sig av sådana tjänster.Det kommer också förklaras vad Geografiska informationssystem (GIS) är och hur det användsidag.Sammanfattningsvis så utvecklades en fungerande prototyp med hjälp av open source komponentenSharpMap som kan visa kartor från WMS, WMS-C och TMS tjänster och om en ERSI Shapefilmed vägdata finns tillgänglig så går det att söka efter gator.

Although proprietary and free web map applications have become an important part of daily life, individual map styling has been neglected for a fairly long time. With the latest possibilities of custom adjustment provided by many services and some interesting artistic experiments, this is about to change. In the context of artistic cartography and custom map styling, this work explores the possibilities of employing an automated process for the generation of WMTS compatible map tiles with an artistic styling. Web mapping standards and techniques of non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) are considered as well as traditional cartographic representations. Furthermore, existing vector- and raster-based processes are analyzed including an interactive workflow with the open-source image editing software GIMP, which is examined with respect to its drawing capabilities. Based on this, a concept for an automated rendering process is developed and influencing factors along with input parameters are discussed. An experimental automated processing is implemented using GIMP and its Python scripting interface to create single maps and seamless map tiles for the use in a WMTS application. Different drawing techniques of GIMP, such as brushes, dynamics and masks are applied during the rendering process. Geodata is taken from the freely available OpenStreetMap project and it is stored in a geodatabase. Furthermore, the GIS capabilities of the database are used to implement custom query procedures for the creation of seamless tiles, feature simplification and generalization that makes a preprocessing of the data unnecessary. Additionally randomization methods for the estrangement and abstraction of the SVG vector graphics geometry to emulate a hand-drawn appearance are created based on non-photorealistic rendering techniques. As a result, various rendering and abstraction processes are evaluated and discussed regarding their contribution to an artistic appearance. Map tiles are created using these stylings which are WMTS compatible and can be presented in a web mapping application.:Contents Task Description III Abstract V Declaration of authorship VII Acknowledgements IX Table of Contents XIII List of Figures XVI List of Tables XVIII Glossary XX 1 Introduction1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Objectives 1 1.3 Structure of the work 2 2 Cartographic context and NPR 5 2.1 Definitions 5 2.2 Non-photorealistic rendering 7 2.2.1 NPR in computer graphics 7 2.2.2 Hand-drawn rendering 10 2.3 Cartographic communication and visualization 12 2.4 Cartography and art 14 2.5 Web Mapping 17 3 Image editing and web map rendering 19 3.1 Image editing software 19 3.2 Raster image editing with GIMP 20 3.2.1 Interactive editing 20 3.2.2 Plug-ins and scripting 28 3.3 Map rendering 31 3.3.1 Web map rendering techniques 31 3.3.2 Comparison of vector and raster based approaches 33 3.3.3 An interactive workflow with GIMP 36 4 A concept for automated processing 39 4.1 Comparison of influencing factors of a vector and raster based approach 39 4.2 Requirements and goals of automation 41 4.3 Definition of input parameters 43 4.4 Concept for an automated process with GIMP 43 4.5 Technical components 45 4.5.1 JSON 45 4.5.2 OpenStreetMap 46 4.5.3 Database environment 47 4.5.4 SVG as exchange format 47 4.5.5 Web map tile service 49 5 Implementation of an automated process with GIMP 53 5.1 Geodata setup 53 5.1.1 Data acquisition 53 5.1.2 Data import and update 54 5.2 Sketch rendering 56 5.2.1 Displacement and randomization 57 5.2.2 Hand-drawn emulation 60 5.2.3 Hatching 64 5.3 Automated processing 65 5.3.1 Configuration files 66 5.3.2 Script structure 70 5.3.3 Feature Processing 74 5.3.4 Image rendering 78 5.3.5 Output and WMTS 80 6 Processing results and evaluation 83 6.1 Results 83 6.2 Limitations and potential 87 7 Conclusion 93 7.1 Summary 93 7.2 Outlook 94

<p>One of the tasks of the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, MSB (<em>Myndigheten för Samhällsskydd och Beredskap</em>), is to partake in relief efforts in foreign countries. Before these relief efforts, roads are inspected for accessibility to ensure that communications will work. The road inspections are currently being performed by hand with the use of pen and paper, which brings difficulties to distribution of information.</p><p>During the course of this thesis project, Sweco Position Karlstad has developed a digital road inspection tool for MSB that recieves information from a road inspector and stores this information in a database. This road inspection tool may in the future replace the pen and paper inspections and ease the work of the road inspectors.</p><p>In this dissertation, a prototype of a web map that displays data from a road inspection is presented. Using a web map to display the results of a road inspection offers several advantages, as it eases distribution of information and allows end users to make selections about what data they want to view.</p>

The Arizona Oil and Gas Commission in conjunction with the Arizona Geological Survey have collected a large amount of data for the oil and gas wells in the State of Arizona. The data covers over 1,000 wells that were drilled from the 1940s to present. This data includes copies of permits, location information, scanned copies of well logs and digitized versions of the well logs in .las file format. These files have been difficult to distribute efficiently because of an unfriendly web user interface. The purpose of this project is to give the Arizona Geological Survey a way to distribute the oil and gas well data through an effective web application. The web application will leverage existing web services at the Arizona Geological Survey. To create this map I used the Esri JavaScript API. In this application the users can select multiple wells by clicking and dragging over the well heads they want. This will then display the metadata in a grid along with hyperlinks to the available files for those wells. This data will be primarily used by companies involved with carbon sequestration or others seeking information for geological exploration.

One of the tasks of the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, MSB (Myndigheten för Samhällsskydd och Beredskap), is to partake in relief efforts in foreign countries. Before these relief efforts, roads are inspected for accessibility to ensure that communications will work. The road inspections are currently being performed by hand with the use of pen and paper, which brings difficulties to distribution of information. During the course of this thesis project, Sweco Position Karlstad has developed a digital road inspection tool for MSB that recieves information from a road inspector and stores this information in a database. This road inspection tool may in the future replace the pen and paper inspections and ease the work of the road inspectors. In this dissertation, a prototype of a web map that displays data from a road inspection is presented. Using a web map to display the results of a road inspection offers several advantages, as it eases distribution of information and allows end users to make selections about what data they want to view.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur en webbkartas olika sökfunktioner bör utformas för att gynna den mänskliga kognitionen. Totalt deltog åtta deltagare i studien som delades in i två grupper. Ena gruppen bestod av fyra personer som var anställda på Lantmäteriet i Umeå kommun, och den andra gruppen var inte anställda på Lantmäteriet och kallades noviser. Studien var en användbarhetsstudie bestående av två delstudier. Det första delstudien var en användarbarhetsundersökning där intervju, observation och frågeformulär av en befintlig webbkarta utfördes på varje grupp. Frågeformuläret bestod av 26 frågor som mätte sex attribut i gränssnittet kopplat till användbarhet. Resultat från första delstudien sammanställdes i en funktionslista för varje grupp som togs i hänsyn till i delstudie 2. I delstudie 2 framställdes en prototyp baserat på kognitiva teorier och resultatet från delstudie 1. Prototypen examinerades genom intervjuer, observationer, frågeformulär och antal felklick. Resultaten från de båda delstudierna jämfördes inom de två grupperna och slutresultatet visade en förbättring i användbarhet från delstudie 1 till delstudie 2 i båda grupperna. Slutsatsen av studien var att prototypen är mer anpassad för mänsklig kognition än de befintliga kartorna, till följd av att användarupplevelsen förbättrades bland deltagarna vid användning av prototypen. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how the various search functions of a web map should be designed to benefit human cognition. A total of eight participants took part in the study, divided into two groups. One group consisted of four individuals who were employed at the Lantmäteriet in Umeå municipality, and the other group was not employed at the Lantmäteriet and were referred to as novices. The study was a usability study consisting of two sub-studies. In the first sub-study, a usability assessment was conducted on each group using an existing web map, employing interviews, observations, and a questionnaire consisting of 26 items measuring six interface usability attributes. The results from the first sub-study were compiled into a feature list for each group, which was considered in the second sub-study. In the second sub-study, a prototype was developed based on cognitive theories and the results from the first sub-study. The prototype was evaluated through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and amount of error click. The results from both sub-studies were compared within the two groups, and the final results indicated an improvement in usability from the first sub-study to the second sub-study in both groups. The conclusion of the study was that the prototype, due to the enhanced user experience observed among the participants, was better suited for human cognition compared to the existing maps.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-11T11:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vinícius Gonçalves Braga - 2015.pdf: 9659356 bytes, checksum: 08fb0b3eae5f3af9311d9db5be529be4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-11T11:06:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vinícius Gonçalves Braga - 2015.pdf: 9659356 bytes, checksum: 08fb0b3eae5f3af9311d9db5be529be4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-11T11:06:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vinícius Gonçalves Braga - 2015.pdf: 9659356 bytes, checksum: 08fb0b3eae5f3af9311d9db5be529be4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Web mapping systems, or Web GIS, are important tools for geographic orientation and spatial data analysis. In recent years, the use of these systems has increased, as well as the challenge to ensure performance while the number of users and the data volume continue to grow. The performance evaluation is an important activity to investigate and mitigate systems performance issues. The workload is the starting point of the performance evaluation and is responsible for sending resquests to the system under evaluation. The reliability of the evaluation results is related to an appropriate load. Despite the importance of web map systems, the literature as presented little efforts to model the workload of these systems. In this dissertation, we present a methodology to collect and analyze data in order to create a model of Web GIS users’ behavior and to instantiate the model in a workload generator. We also propose a generic model, named MUSe-GM (Maps User Session Generative Model), and present a characterization of the users’ behavior using data of the access to a popular mapping application, collected by an extension developed for the Google Chrome browser. The characterization results were used to develop an instance of the behavior model and to implement a workload generator. The instance was evaluated by testing in a realWeb map system, using the workload generator, and through simulations. The results were compared with two other models from literature. The proposed model in this dissertation was significantly different in several aspects compared to the other, presenting a behavior closer to the real users’ behavior. / Sistemas de mapa Web, ou SIGs Web, são ferramentas importantes para orientação geográfica e análise de dados espaciais. Nos últimos anos, o uso desse tipo de sistema tem aumentado, bem como o desafio para garantir o desempenho frente ao aumento do número de usuários e do volume de dados. A avaliação de desempenho é uma importante atividade para investigar e mitigar problemas de desempenho em sistemas. O ponto inicial da avaliação de desempenho é a carga de trabalho, responsável por enviar requisições ao sistema sob avaliação. A confiabilidade dos resultados da avaliação depende de uma carga adequada. Apesar da importância dos sistemas de mapa Web, existem poucos esforços na literatura para modelar a carga de trabalho desse tipo de sistema. Nesta dissertação, apresentamos uma metodologia para coleta e análise de dados, visando a criação de um modelo do comportamento dos usuários de SIGs Web e sua instanciação em um gerador de cargas de trabalho. Propomos também um modelo genérico, chamado MUSe- GM (Maps User Session Generative Model), e apresentamos uma caracterização do comportamento dos usuários utilizando dados de acesso a um sistema de mapas popular, coletados a partir de uma extensão desenvolvida para o navegador Google Chrome. Os resultados da caracterização foram utilizados para a criação de uma instância do modelo de comportamento e na implementação de um gerador de cargas. A instância foi avaliada através de testes em um sistema de mapas real, utilizando o gerador de cargas, e por meio de simulações. Os resultados foram comparados aos de outros dois modelos da literatura. O modelo proposto nesta dissertação se mostrou significativamente diferente em vários aspectos em relação aos outros dois, apresentando um comportamento mais próximo do comportamento de usuários reais.

The last decade has demonstrated steady growth and utilization of Web Service technology. While Web Services have become significant in a number of IT domains such as eCommerce, digital libraries, data feeds, and geographical information systems, common portals or registries of Web Services require manual publishing for indexing. Manually compiled registries of Web Services have proven useful but often fail to include a considerable amount of Web Services published and available on the Web. We propose a system capable of finding, binding, and integrating Web Services into an index in an automated manner. By using a combination of guided search and web crawling techniques, the system finds a large number of Web Service providers that are further bound and aggregated into a single portal available for public use. Results show that this approach is successful in discovering a considerable number of Web Services in the GIS(Geographical Information Systems) domain, and demonstrate improvements over existing methods of Web Service Discovery.