A presente Tese busca refletir sobre as características e o significado do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) como componente da política de Assistência Social. Este benefício constitui o principal direito da Assistência Social, pois é o único garantido constitucionalmente e garante o pagamento de um salário mínimo mensal a idosos com 65 anos ou mais e pessoas com deficiência, cuja renda mensal familiar seja inferior a do salário mínimo por pessoa. A Tese procura analisar, portanto, as mudanças propostas, os resultados alcançados e os desafios que se colocam para o BPC no município do Rio de Janeiro, em face das novas perspectivas apresentadas para este benefício a partir de 2005 pelo Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) e, posteriormente, pelo Decreto 6.214/2007. Para a efetivação dessa proposta foi realizada uma pesquisa que procurou compreender a situação e as características atuais do desenvolvimento deste Benefício, no município em apreço, no âmbito da política de Assistência Social e do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS). O estudo desenvolvido pela Tese revelou, entre outros aspectos, que apesar do intenso movimento, em termos de proposições, que se processa na esfera federal da política de Assistência Social com vistas a encaminhar as mudanças previstas para o BPC, este esforço não tem o respaldo político necessário que dê impulso a essas propostas e crie condições efetivas para elas se materializarem, principalmente na esfera municipal, que é onde a política, de fato, se concretiza. Assim, no período analisado, o ano de 2010, mantinha-se a concepção do BPC como um fator externo à política municipal de Assistência Social do Rio de Janeiro. Na realidade, essa situação reflete o histórico distanciamento da Assistência Social em relação a este benefício, que apesar de ter sido fundamental para a institucionalização desta política como uma das áreas componentes da Seguridade Social, continua, na atualidade, a não ter uma real identidade com a Assistência Social. / The present Thesis seeks a reflection upon the characteristics and meaning of the Benefício de Prestação Continuada BPC (Continuous Cash Benefit Program) as a component of the Social Assistance policy. This benefit forms the Social Assistance main entitlement since it is the only constitutionally warranted. It ensures the payment of a monthly minimum wage for elderly aged 65 or more and handicapped people with family monthly income inferior to of minimum wage per family member. The Thesis therefore seeks to analyze the proposed changes, achieved results and current challenges to BPC in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in view of the new perspectives presented by the Sistema Único de Assistência Social-SUAS (Single System of Social Assistance) to this benefit since 2005 and subsequently by the Decree 6.214/2007. A research has been carried out to seek a comprehension of the current situation and characteristics of this Benefit, in Rio de Janeiro, within the Social Assistance policy and the Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social-INSS(National Institute of Social Welfare) frameworks, for the effectiveness of the proposal. The study developed in the Thesis revealed that, among other aspects, although the intense motion in terms of propositions in the Social Assistance federal policy sphere, in view of referring the expected changes to BPC, this effort does not have the required political support to promote these proposals and to create effective conditions for their materialization, especially within the municipal realm, where the policy is effectively applied. Thus, in the analyzed period of the year of 2010, we have the conception of the BPC as an external factor to Rio de Janeiros Social Assistance city policy. In fact, this situation reflects the Social Assistance historical detachment vis à vis this Benefit and, in spite of the fundamental role of the Benefit to this policy institutionalization as a component area of Social Welfare, it remains presently without a real identity with the Social Assistance.

照顧是一種「愛的勞動」， 性的工作，尤其是家庭中的照顧者幾乎都由女性擔任。 我國未來由於人口結構老化及疾病型態的改變， 失能老人照顧勢必逐漸取代女性過去以兒童照顧為主的照顧責任與經驗。 目前女性照顧者在失能老人照顧關係上，因對角色安排及外來協助未有充份的選擇權及自主權， 致使家庭中的女性照顧者與失能老人皆陷入缺乏尊嚴、衝突與無助的家庭照顧關係。 據此，本文之研究目的與研究結果摘要如下： 一、瞭解女性照顧者角色成因。 結果發現受到父權主義、資本主義所影響的家庭、勞動市場及國家等社會結構， 構成了「型塑」及「強化」女性照顧者角色的結構網絡。 而偏好「單系親屬關係體系」、強調「孝道」的文化傳統、及「三代同堂」的居住安排， 使我國女性照顧者有高於西方社會的強制性關係與情感衝突。 二、瞭解女性照顧者的困境與需求。結果發現女性照顧者的責任認知、 從事照顧事務、 外來協助、角色衝突、壓力感受都與男性照顧者有所不同。負荷與壓力主要呈現在身體、心理、社會參與、財務及工作方面， 且女性會面臨較高的貧窮風險， 須借助政府制定經濟性、勞務性、心理性或就業性措施予以協助。 三、探討西 方先進國家女性照顧者福利議題的歷史發展與爭議。 結果發現西方先進國家的失能老人照顧政策， 隨其國家干預政策發展出「傳統模式」、「替代模式」及「支持模式」等三種福利策略。 目前盛行的社區照顧政策可視為支持模式的衍生， 即由國家與家庭「共擔責任」，在失能老人照顧上建立一種「互補性」的合作關係。 四、對我國女性照顧者的福利措施提出策略性建議。

The purpose of this dissertation is to describe, explain and understand how slowness appeared when some decisions were made in the area of welfare policy and how this slowness was eliminated. The study focuses on major changes. It is argued that such changes follow another logic than small gradual adjustments. Four breaking points have been selected for a deeper analysis: the pension policy decisions of 1913 and 1994 and the housing policy decisions of 1935 and 1992. These decisions led to the emergence of fundamentally new institutional structures concerning the relation between the central government and the citizens. The study shows that an established institutional structure within a welfare policy area generated mental constructs and decision rules that governed political decision-making. This governance resulted in slowness in the form of lengthy decision-making processes. The fundamental institutional structure was being altered only when the mental constructs were broken down. A common feature was that the decisions were first made when discontent with the prevailing order became so strong that it overwhelmed the fear of a new institutional structure. The general tendency was also to shape the fundamental changes in relation to the citizens so that the changes could be portrayed as small. The established mental constructs are the determining explanation for slowness. The interest organizations played a secondary role, as their interests are shaped in accordance with the mental constructs. Their resistance was declined at the same time when the mental constructs were broken down. The individuals – agents of change – that constantly worked for the change of system in reality appear to be significantly more interesting than hindering organization. Their influence showed a recurring pattern.

The unsatisfactory achievement of adult competency among emerging adults aging out of foster care is well documented. However few studies have examined how development within the child welfare system impacts the ability to achieve competence. In this study, homeless emerging adults who had not aged out of foster care were compared to peers who were homeless and aged out of foster care. The child welfare system is a unique environment with its own policies. In order to better understand the process of development within the child welfare system, the current study used life course developmental theory to understand how the child welfare system affects the development of children and their ability to achieve competencies. Specifically, the role of learned helplessness in influencing the developmental trajectory of children aging out of foster care was examined. The data were collected utilizing participatory action research methods and the use of this methodology among homeless emerging adults is explored. The current study analyzes data collected by the Texas Network of Youth Services. The study examined issues surrounding the transition to adulthood among homeless emerging adults using a participatory action research methodology. The sample included emerging adults 18 to 25 years old who were homeless (n=134). A subset of the sample aged out of foster care. The results indicated that, 1) homeless emerging adults who have not aged out of foster care may be an appropriate comparison group for those who have aged out, 2) homeless emerging adults who aged out of foster care were more likely to have a perception of learned helplessness that may impede their ability to achieve adult competency when compared to those who did not age out of foster care, and 3) despite receiving services to prepare them for adulthood, homeless emerging adults who aged out of foster care had just as much difficulty achieving adult competency as their homeless peers who did not receive these services. Finally, results showed that the use of participatory action research among homeless emerging adults may be a promising approach for future research. Participants expressed feeling empowered and having perceptions that indicated self-efficacy. This indicated that this type of methodology may be promising in altering perceptions of learned helplessness. / text

Swedish child-care institutions - day nurseries, kindergartens - did not until the 1930s become a concern of the Government. In 1943 the Swedish Riksdag for the first time passed a bill that gave child-care institutions a Government subsidy. This thesis deals with the Government's and the parliamentary commissions' attitudes to child-care institutions. Which type of institution ought to receive a subsidy? And for what reasons? The main argument for child-care institutions has always been that they could stimulate a sound development, for the child's own good and for society's. From the 1930s and into the 1950s most participants in the child-care debate stated that the kindergarten or part-time institutions for the pre-school child from the age of three and upwards was the preferable type. Day nurseries for children, even infants, of families were both parents had to work might be necessary but were to be seen as an emergency solution. From the mid-60s the attitu-de changed. Step by step full-time day nurseries became the institutions that were given priority by the Government. This change in attitude presupposes that the notion of the child changed as well. But it did not change in a vacuum. Borrowing an explanatory model from sociologist Johan Asplund, the thesis treats the child as a "figure of thought", placed between a super-structural discourse on child-care and society's basic, material conditions. Important changes at the level of discourse have been the attitude to modern, industrial society, e.g. the necessity of learning to live and work in a society which is complex, highly specialized and in constant change, and the debate on women's emancipation. At the level of material conditions, the most conspicious change is that more and more women have entered the labour market. The changing notion of the child can be understood as the effect of an influence from discourse and base on the "figure of thought". At the same time, the "figure of thought" in-fluenced the discourse. Thus, a child-care system for the benefit of child and woman and labour market could be established, and harmony could be created, at least in the discourse.

A presente Tese busca refletir sobre as características e o significado do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) como componente da política de Assistência Social. Este benefício constitui o principal direito da Assistência Social, pois é o único garantido constitucionalmente e garante o pagamento de um salário mínimo mensal a idosos com 65 anos ou mais e pessoas com deficiência, cuja renda mensal familiar seja inferior a do salário mínimo por pessoa. A Tese procura analisar, portanto, as mudanças propostas, os resultados alcançados e os desafios que se colocam para o BPC no município do Rio de Janeiro, em face das novas perspectivas apresentadas para este benefício a partir de 2005 pelo Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) e, posteriormente, pelo Decreto 6.214/2007. Para a efetivação dessa proposta foi realizada uma pesquisa que procurou compreender a situação e as características atuais do desenvolvimento deste Benefício, no município em apreço, no âmbito da política de Assistência Social e do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS). O estudo desenvolvido pela Tese revelou, entre outros aspectos, que apesar do intenso movimento, em termos de proposições, que se processa na esfera federal da política de Assistência Social com vistas a encaminhar as mudanças previstas para o BPC, este esforço não tem o respaldo político necessário que dê impulso a essas propostas e crie condições efetivas para elas se materializarem, principalmente na esfera municipal, que é onde a política, de fato, se concretiza. Assim, no período analisado, o ano de 2010, mantinha-se a concepção do BPC como um fator externo à política municipal de Assistência Social do Rio de Janeiro. Na realidade, essa situação reflete o histórico distanciamento da Assistência Social em relação a este benefício, que apesar de ter sido fundamental para a institucionalização desta política como uma das áreas componentes da Seguridade Social, continua, na atualidade, a não ter uma real identidade com a Assistência Social. / The present Thesis seeks a reflection upon the characteristics and meaning of the Benefício de Prestação Continuada BPC (Continuous Cash Benefit Program) as a component of the Social Assistance policy. This benefit forms the Social Assistance main entitlement since it is the only constitutionally warranted. It ensures the payment of a monthly minimum wage for elderly aged 65 or more and handicapped people with family monthly income inferior to of minimum wage per family member. The Thesis therefore seeks to analyze the proposed changes, achieved results and current challenges to BPC in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in view of the new perspectives presented by the Sistema Único de Assistência Social-SUAS (Single System of Social Assistance) to this benefit since 2005 and subsequently by the Decree 6.214/2007. A research has been carried out to seek a comprehension of the current situation and characteristics of this Benefit, in Rio de Janeiro, within the Social Assistance policy and the Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social-INSS(National Institute of Social Welfare) frameworks, for the effectiveness of the proposal. The study developed in the Thesis revealed that, among other aspects, although the intense motion in terms of propositions in the Social Assistance federal policy sphere, in view of referring the expected changes to BPC, this effort does not have the required political support to promote these proposals and to create effective conditions for their materialization, especially within the municipal realm, where the policy is effectively applied. Thus, in the analyzed period of the year of 2010, we have the conception of the BPC as an external factor to Rio de Janeiros Social Assistance city policy. In fact, this situation reflects the Social Assistance historical detachment vis à vis this Benefit and, in spite of the fundamental role of the Benefit to this policy institutionalization as a component area of Social Welfare, it remains presently without a real identity with the Social Assistance.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-04T18:33:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alinesouzaaraujo.pdf: 906340 bytes, checksum: dce8a664c8d2cf6b723ae69285e27d0f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T16:04:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alinesouzaaraujo.pdf: 906340 bytes, checksum: dce8a664c8d2cf6b723ae69285e27d0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T16:04:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alinesouzaaraujo.pdf: 906340 bytes, checksum: dce8a664c8d2cf6b723ae69285e27d0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Essa dissertação de mestrado tem como proposta, analisar a complexidade que circunscreve a intervenção do assistente social na assistência estudantil. Assim sendo, apresentamos alguns elementos que perpassam essa realidade, construindo uma base, histórica e teórica, para a compreensão desse processo. Tornam-se centrais nessa perspectiva de análise, a relação existente entre Estado burguês e política social - enquanto determinação contraditória típica da sociedade capitalista, os direcionamentos determinados pela política econômica e as demandas advindas da classe trabalhadora. A partir dessa problematização, buscamos compreender, como esses elementos - dando ênfase às políticas sociais de assistência social e de educação, se desdobraram no Brasil. Desvendamos a assistência estudantil, enquanto resultado desse processo. É nesse cenário, que a intervenção do assistente social se realiza. Identificamos, pela pesquisa de campo referenciada em Minas Gerais, como os assistentes sociais, que trabalham diretamente nessa questão, compreendem e lidam com a assistência estudantil e quais as suas reais condições de trabalho. A necessidade de uma construção coletiva da política de assistência estudantil e de elaboração de projetos profissionais em nossa área é apontada por eles, como a demanda mais urgente e necessária, para que a intervenção do assistente social, seja cada vez mais, qualificada e comprometida com as reais condições de vida dos estudantes. / This dissertation has the purpose to analyze the complexity that limits the intervention of the social worker in student assistance. Therefore, we present some elements that permeate this reality, building a base, historical and theoretical, to the understanding of this process. Become central in this analysis perspective, the relationship between the bourgeois state and social policy - while typical contradictory determination of capitalist society, the directions determined by economic policy and the demands arising from the working class. From this questioning, we seek to understand how these elements - emphasizing the social policies of social welfare and education, unfolded in Brazil. We unveil the student assistance as a result of this process. It is in this scenario that the intervention of the social worker takes place. Identified by field research referenced in Minas Gerais, as social workers, who work directly on this issue, understand and deal with student assistance and what their actual working conditions. The need for a collective construction of student assistance policy and development of professional projects in our area, is considered by them as the most urgent and necessary demand for the intervention of the social worker, is increasingly qualified and committed with the actual living conditions of students.

Students of accredited social work programs are expected to demonstrate ten core competencies, including the ability to "engage in policy practice to advance social and economic well-being and to deliver effective social work services" (Council on Social Work Education, 2008). Despite this expectation, almost half of licensed social workers surveyed disagreed with the notion that they were adequately prepared for political engagement by their social work education (Ritter, 2007). Because social welfare policy courses are the primary curricular means for preparing generalist social workers for political advocacy, this study explores how undergraduate students respond to social welfare policy instructors' efforts to prepare them for political engagement. Quantitative and qualitative data from social work students in two distinct social welfare policy courses support the idea that participation in such a course can contribute to an increase in political interest and internal political efficacy. Based on surveys (n=31), focus groups (n=28), and interviews (n=11) with students, a model for social welfare policy instruction is proposed, which includes 11 recommended teaching methods and 7 key aspects of the students' learning experience. By listening to the voices and experiences of social work students, this study begins to fill a gap in the social work education and policy practice literature. The final conclusions of the study help clarify for social work educators methodologies by which they can more effectively support students in the development of political interest, internal political efficacy, and ultimately policy practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosemeire dos Santos.pdf: 841387 bytes, checksum: a7b2b36b071a750450b94e299a555c8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This monograph aims to know the work developed by social workers, in social welfare policy with families. The work was developed supported by literature and field searches. The literature research supported the theoretical construction of the research. And the field research was carried out with 8 of 11 professionals who work in CRAS in São José dos Campos and Tremembé, cities that are part of the Vale do Paraíba, geographically located between the metropolis Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The accomplishment of the work allowed to understand the historical conceptions of the profession, the social welfare policy and the establishment of the cities of Vale do Paraíba. Agents that supported the understanding of professional work in the region. Regarding the action of the social worker with families, it was concluded that in this moment of implantation it s needed many moments of reflection and analysis to understand the complexities and contradictions of the society and to the professional exercise in working with families nowadays / Esta monografia teve como objetivo conhecer o trabalho desenvolvido pelos assistentes sociais, na política de assistência social com famílias. O trabalho se desenvolveu apoiado em pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo. A pesquisa bibliografia subsidiou a construção teórica sobre a pesquisa. E a pesquisa de campo realizou-se com 8 profissionais dos 11 que atuam nos CRAS nas cidades de São José dos Campos e Tremembé, municípios que fazem parte do Vale do Paraíba, região geograficamente localizada entre as metrópoles Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. A efetivação do trabalho possibilitou a compreender as concepções históricas da profissão, da política de assistência social e a constituição das cidades do Vale do Paraíba. Fatores que favoreceram a compreensão do trabalho profissional na região. No que tange a ação do assistente social no trabalho com famílias, chegou-se à conclusão que nesse momento de implantação há necessidade de muitos momentos de reflexão e análise para a compreensão das complexidades e contradições da sociedade e para o exercício profissional no trabalho com famílias na contemporaneidade

JACOB, Cícero Renato Ribeiro. Intersetorialidade no Serviço de Proteção e Atendimento Integral à Família (PAIF) da política de assistência social de Fortaleza: uma avaliação em processo. 2014. 281f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza (CE), 2014. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-05-04T15:01:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_crrjacob.pdf: 2818287 bytes, checksum: d59ebeb1e2db37a224e39052dcd1c9d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-05-05T11:13:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_crrjacob.pdf: 2818287 bytes, checksum: d59ebeb1e2db37a224e39052dcd1c9d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-05T11:13:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_crrjacob.pdf: 2818287 bytes, checksum: d59ebeb1e2db37a224e39052dcd1c9d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / The research circumscribed in this argumentative work presents as its main object of investigation the evaluation of the intersectoral construction process in the Paif Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS) of Mondubim, a neighborhood in Fortaleza . The research presents theoretical and methodological designs configured in epistemological postulations that mark the proposition of "open and critical rationalism" as proposed by Alba Carvalho, as a way of conceiving and doing science. In this sense, the methodological route of the research was done through bibliographical research, desk research and empirical research. Considering the theoretical and empirical demarcation, confined to the subject of the investigation, the construction of the analytical contributions of the research was structured based on the survey and the reading of scientific papers on the themes: State, poverty, social protection, public policy social assistance and intersectoral. The empirical field of the research is limited to the scope of institutional spaces which operationalize social assistance policy in Fortaleza, during the years 2012 and 2013, namely: Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social; Distrito de Assistência Social da Secretaria Executiva Regional V; and, finally, Cras Mondubim. The research presents a qualitative approach, linking to the adoption of contributions of the quantitative approach. In this sense, interviews questionnaires were applied to 54 professionals of high and medium levels from Paif SER V and conducted in depth with 19 professionals and users (as) the Paif of Cras Mondubim. In the methodological research route, it was also carried out the survey and the analysis of documents and, finally, an intense process of Paif’s development observation was done in Cras Mondubim. With regard to the results marked by the research, we can point out: the interlocutors results – through differences on the analytical perspective and the specifications outlined by their speeches - postulate that the intersectoral category has a prominent place in the configuration of identity and the modus operandi of social welfare policy, indicating that the establishment of this category in the operationalization of programs, projects and services of social work marks an important route to its statement as a public policy of non-contributory social protection. / A pesquisa circunscrita neste trabalho dissertativo apresenta como objeto de investigação a avaliação em processo da construção da intersetorialidade no Paif do Centro de Referência da Assistência Social (CRAS) do Bairro Mondubim, município de Fortaleza. A pesquisa apresenta delineamentos teórico-metodológicos configurados em postulações epistemológicas que demarcam a proposição do “Racionalismo aberto e crítico” de Alba Carvalho, como via do conceber e fazer ciência. Nessa direção, o traçado metodológico da pesquisa foi materializado com a realização de pesquisa bibliográfica, de pesquisa documental e de pesquisa empírica. Considerando-se a demarcação teórico-empírica, circunscrita no objeto da investigação, a construção dos aportes analíticos da pesquisa foi estruturada com base no levantamento e na leitura de produções científicas sobre os temas: Estado, pobreza, proteção social, política pública de assistência social e intersetorialidade. O campo empírico da pesquisa está circunscrito ao âmbito de espaços institucionais que operacionalizam a política de assistência social em Fortaleza, no decurso dos anos de 2012 e 2013, a saber: Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social; Distrito de Assistência Social da Secretaria Executiva Regional V e, por fim, o Cras do Bairro Mondubim. A pesquisa apresenta um enfoque qualitativo, articulando-se à adoção de aportes próprios da abordagem quantitativa. Nessa direção, foram aplicados 54 questionários com profissionais de nível superior e médio do Paif da SER V e realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com 19 profissionais e usuários(as) do Paif do Cras Mondubim. No percurso metodológico da pesquisa, também foi realizado o levantamento e a análise de documentos e, por fim, foi efetivado intenso processo de observação do desenvolvimento do Paif no âmbito do Cras Mondubim. No que diz respeito aos resultados demarcados pela investigação, destacam-se: os(as) interlocutores da pesquisa – em meio às diferenciações quanto à perspectiva analítica e as especificidades delineadas pelos seus discursos – postulam que a categoria da intersetorialidade apresenta lugar de destaque na configuração da identidade e do modus operandi da política de assistência social, indicando que o estabelecimento desta categoria na operacionalização dos programas, projetos e serviços da assistência social demarca uma importante via para a sua afirmação como política pública de proteção social não contributiva.