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Organisation av matematikundervisning : speciallärarens roll / Organisation of mathematic education : the special needs coordinators partKangasmaa, Kristina, Paulsson, Anna January 2019 (has links)
Studiens syfte var att få en inblick i bakomliggande faktorer till hur skolor i Sverige organiserar sin matematikundervisning. Vad och vem som påverkar vilken organisationsform som väljs, vilka föroch nackdelar rektor och speciallärare med specialisering mot matematikutveckling ser med den valda organisationen samt vilken roll speciallärare med specialisering mot matematikutveckling har i vald organisationsform. En enkät mailades till ansvariga på 1027 högstadieskolor med årskurs 7 - 9, kommunala skolor och friskolor i hela Sverige. Enkäten, som 214 respondenter svarade på, försåg oss med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ empiri vilken gav oss bakgrundsinformation till skolornas val av organisationsform i matematikundervisningen. Genom enkäten fick vi även kontaktuppgifter till 82 rektorer och på 32 av dessa skolor fanns även en speciallärare med inriktning mot matematikutveckling. De 8 rektorer som kontaktades gav oss en djupare inblick i studiens frågeställningar, även 5 speciallärare med specialisering mot matematikutveckling bidrog med kvalitativ empiri till studien. Studien visar att av de 214 skolor som svarat på enkäten har cirka 50 % helklassundervisning, knappt 20 % tvålärarskap, knappt 20 % parallellagd undervisning och drygt 10 % annan organisationsform av matematikundervisningen. Ett tydligt mönster som syntes var att oavsett vilken organisationsform skolorna angett satsar de extra resurser på att det ska finnas fler vuxna i matematikklassrummet, det kan vara ämneslärare, resursperson, speciallärare eller specialpedagog. Det förekommer även att elever delvis arbetar med matematik i liten grupp med ämneslärare eller speciallärare. Några skolor anger att de ger eleverna mer tid för matematik, det kan vara genom utökad timplan, matematik på elevens val eller matematiktillfälle utanför ordinarie skoldag. Alla insatserna har som mål att eleverna skall bli behöriga att söka till gymnasiet. / The purpose of the study was to get an insight in the factors behind how schools in Sweden are organising the teaching of mathematics. What and whom has made the overall decisions, and the advantages and disadvantages with the selected organisation in the perspective of the principal and the special needs coordinator and what part the special needs coordinator is playing in the selected organisation in teaching mathematics. A survey was emailed to the principal of 1027 secondary schools, both compulsory mainstream schools and independent schools in the whole of Sweden. Our survey gave us both quantitative and qualitative empirics regarding the reasons behind the selected form of organisation within mathematics and contact details to 82 of the participating principals and at 32 of these schools there was also a special needs coordinator focusing on mathematics development. The 8 principals who were contacted and the 5 special needs coordinators in mathematics provided deeper understanding to the questions of the study and increased the qualitative empirics .The study shows that out of the 214 replies from different schools approx 50% are teaching mathematics in a complete class of students with one responsible teacher, 20% are using two teacher system, 20% are timetabling classes in parallel and 10% in another or combined form of organisation. A clear pattern that we identified was that the schools regardless of the form of organisation all spent resources on adding extra staff during mathematics lessons, for example another subject teacher, teacher assistant or special needs coordinator. Some schools teach their students in smaller groups, others have extended the number of hours or made mathematics a pupils choice to increase the number of hours in mathematics. The overall aim for the efforts is to make all the students qualified for studies at sixth form.
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Orchestrating mathematical whole-class discussions in the problem-solving classroom : Theorizing challenges and support for teachersLarsson, Maria January 2015 (has links)
Promising teaching approaches for developing students’ mathematical competencies include the approach of teaching mathematics through problem solving. Orchestrating a whole-class discussion of students’ ideas is an important aspect of teaching through problem solving. There is a wide consensus within the field that it is very challenging for the teacher to conduct class discussions that both build on student ideas and highlight key mathematical ideas and relationships. Further, fostering argumentation in the class, which is important for students’ participation, is also a grand challenge. Teachers need support in these challenges. The aim of the thesis is to characterize challenges and support for mathematics teachers in orchestrating productive problem-solving whole-class discussions that focus on both mathematical connection-making and argumentation. In particular, it is investigated how Stein et al.’s (2008) model with five practices – anticipating, monitoring, selecting, sequencing and connecting student solutions – can support teachers to handle the challenges and what constitutes the limitations of the research-based and widely-used model. This thesis builds on six papers. The papers are based on three intervention studies and on one study of a mathematics teacher proficient in conducting problem-solving class discussions. Video recordings of observed whole-class discussions as well as audio-recorded teacher interviews and teacher meetings constitute the data that are analyzed. It is concluded in the thesis that the five practices model supports teachers’ preparation before the lesson by the practice of anticipating. However, making detailed anticipations, which is shown to be both challenging and important to foster argumentation in the class, is not explicitly supported by the model. Further, the practice of monitoring supports teachers in using the variety of student solutions to highlight key mathematical ideas and connections. Challenging aspects not supported by the monitoring practice are, however, how to interact with students during their exploration to actually get a variety of different solutions as a basis for argumentation. The challenge of selecting and sequencing student solutions is supported for the purpose of connection-making, but not for the purpose of argumentation. Making mathematical connections can be facilitated by the last practice of connecting, with the help of the previous practices. However, support for distinguishing between different kinds of connections is lacking, as well as support for creating an argumentative classroom culture. Since it is a great challenge to promote argumentation among students, support is needed for this throughout the model. Lastly, despite the importance and challenge of launching a problem productively, it is not supported by the model. Based on the conclusions on challenges and support, developments to the five practices model are suggested. The thesis contributes to research on the theoretical development of tools that support teachers in the challenges of orchestrating productive problem-solving whole-class discussions.
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Whole class working memory interventions : an evaluation and comparison of the implementation of computerised training and a practical, class based programmeRumble, Adam Stuart January 2014 (has links)
Background: Working memory (WM) refers to a system responsible for temporarily storing and manipulating information. It is recognised as having a key role in supporting children’s learning. Research has suggested that targeted interventions can lead to improvements in children’s WM capacity or strategies to increase its efficiency. Some interventions, largely computer-based but also practical, claim to address the needs of whole classes. There is relatively little research concerned with the implementation of such programmes as whole class interventions. Participants: Two Year 5 classes from separate schools received two WM interventions, MeeMo and Memory Booster. Six students from each class were selected to create two focus groups. Both class teachers also participated in the research. Methods: A mixed methods design was utilised, with an emphasis on qualitative data. Each class received a randomly allocated six week intervention implemented by the class teacher. Fidelity and dosage were monitored through the use of structured observations and an implementation diary completed by the class teachers. Two student focus groups and two semi-structured teacher interviews were conducted. The in-built monitoring provisions of each intervention were also investigated. Analysis/Findings: All qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings were presented as thematic maps, exploring the facilitators and barriers for implementation of each intervention. Quantitative data gathered through each interventions monitoring provision were analysed using descriptive statistics to inform discussion around the perceived outcomes. Conclusion/Implications: The study extends understanding of the context-specific implementation factors involved in using MeeMo and Memory Booster as whole class interventions and explores the utility of the monitoring provision of each intervention. A framework for effective implementation was developed and specific recommendations for both programme developers and school staff are provided.
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Student Recognition of Visual Affordances: Supporting Use of Physics Simulations in Whole Class and Small Group SettingsStephens, A. Lynn 01 September 2012 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to investigate student interactions with simulations, and teacher support of those interactions, within naturalistic high school physics classroom settings. This study focuses on data from two lesson sequences that were conducted in several physics classrooms. The lesson sequences were conducted in a whole class discussion format in approximately half of the class sections and in a hands-on-computer small group format in matched class sections. Analysis used a mixed methods approach where: (1) quantitative methods were used to evaluate pre-post data; (2) open coding and selective coding were used for transcript analysis; and (3) comparative case studies were used to consider the quantitative and qualitative data in light of each other and to suggested possible explanations. Although teachers expressed the expectation that the small group students would learn more, no evidence was found in pre-post analysis for an advantage for the small group sections. Instead, a slight trend was observed in favor of the whole class discussion sections, especially for students in the less advanced sections. In seeking to explain these results, qualitative analyses of transcript and videotape data were conducted, revealing that many more episodes of support for interpreting visual elements of the simulations occurred in the whole class setting than in the matched small group discussions; not only teachers, but, at times, students used more visual support moves in the whole class discussion setting. In addition, concepts that had been identified as key were discussed for longer periods of time in the whole class setting than in the matched small group discussions in six of nine matched sets. For one of the lesson sequences, analysis of student work on in-class activity sheets identified no evidence that any of the Honors or College Preparatory students in the small groups had made use in their thinking of the key features of the sophisticated and popular physics simulation they had used, while such evidence was identified in the work of many of the whole class students. Analysis of the whole class discussions revealed a number of creative teaching strategies in use by the teachers that may have helped offset the advantage of hands-on experience with the simulations and animations enjoyed by the small group students. These results suggest that there may exist whole class teaching strategies for promoting at least some of the active thinking and exploration that has been considered to be the strength of small group work, and appear to offer encouragement to teachers who do not have the resources to allow their classes to engage regularly in small group work at the computer. Furthermore, these examples suggest the somewhat surprising possibility that there may be certain instructional situations where there is an advantage to spending at least part of the time with a simulation or animation in a whole class discussion mode.
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Lärares val : En studie om undervisningsformer ur lärarperspektivBergman, Sandra, Collberg, Pia January 2010 (has links)
The background to this study is an interest for teacher’s thoughts about choices and teachingmethods and motives for these choices. A question is about the meaning of professional experience and the importance of choices in teachingmethods according to the teachers. The purpose of the study is thru a qualitative study examine teacher’s thoughts and statements about choices of teachingmethods to shed a light on different teachingmethods in early years in school. The teachingmethods that are highlighted are individual work, groupwork and wholeclassteaching. The method in this study is qualitative and based on interviews. The result that can be drawn of the study is that teachers mean that teachingmethods are chosen by ruling factors as studentgroups, contents in teaching and curriculum. A motive that emerged was that the teachers in the study meant that teachingmethods where structure and obvious frames in teaching where used. The conclusion is that teachers with long work experience matters for the choices of teaching methods. The teachers that have been working for a long time mean that they have more experience and more methods to choose from. A discussion about the effect of the increasing use of individualwork is that the school is fostering individualists that are going to a work in an environment where group and team work is prominent. The study establishes that the choice of teaching methods not always can be chosen by visions. The choice has a start from the composition of the group of students, size of the group and the content of teaching. / Bakgrunden till studien är ett intresse för lärares resonemang kring val av undervisningsformer i skolans tidiga år och motiv för dessa val. En undran är vad yrkeserfarenhet har för betydelse vid val av undervisningsformer enligt lärarna. Syftet är att genom en kvalitativ studie undersöka och belysa lärares resonemang och utsagor om val av undervisningsformer för att synliggöra olika undervisningsformer i skolans tidiga år. Undervisningsformerna som belyses är individuellt arbete, grupparbete och helklassundervisning. Metoden i studien är kvalitativ och baseras på intervjuer. Resultatet som kan dras av studien är att lärarna menar att undervisningsformer väljs utifrån styrande faktorer såsom elevgrupp, innehåll i undervisningen och styrdokument. Ett motiv som framkom är att lärarna i studien sa sig använda undervisningsformer där struktur och tydliga ramar prioriteras vid utformning av undervisningen. Slutsatsen är att lärares yrkeserfarenhet kan anses ha betydelse för val av undervisningsformer då de lärare som varit yrkesverksamma under många år menar att de har erfarenheter och upplevelser att utgå ifrån i större utsträckning än övriga lärare. En diskussion som förs om effekten av det ökade individuella arbetet är att skolan fostrar individualister som ska ut i yrkesverksamhet där grupp- och temaarbete är framträdande. Studien påvisar att valet av undervisningsformer inte alltid kan väljas efter visioner. Valet måste utgå från sammansättningen av elevgrupp, gruppstorlek och innehållet i undervisningen.
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Lärares val : En studie om undervisningsformer ur lärarperspektivBergman, Sandra, Collberg, Pia January 2010 (has links)
<p>The background to this study is an interest for teacher’s thoughts about choices and teachingmethods and motives for these choices. A question is about the meaning of professional experience and the importance of choices in teachingmethods according to the teachers. The purpose of the study is thru a qualitative study examine teacher’s thoughts and statements about choices of teachingmethods to shed a light on different teachingmethods in early years in school. The teachingmethods that are highlighted are individual work, groupwork and wholeclassteaching. The method in this study is qualitative and based on interviews. The result that can be drawn of the study is that teachers mean that teachingmethods are chosen by ruling factors as studentgroups, contents in teaching and curriculum. A motive that emerged was that the teachers in the study meant that teachingmethods where structure and obvious frames in teaching where used. The conclusion is that teachers with long work experience<strong> </strong>matters for the choices of teaching methods. The teachers that have been working for a long time mean that they have more experience and more methods to choose from. A discussion about the effect of the increasing use of individualwork is that the school is fostering individualists that are going to a work in an environment where group and team work is prominent. The study establishes that the choice of teaching methods not always can be chosen by visions. The choice has a start from the composition of the group of students, size of the group and the content of teaching.</p><p> </p> / <p>Bakgrunden till studien är ett intresse för lärares resonemang kring val av undervisningsformer i skolans tidiga år och motiv för dessa val. En undran är vad yrkeserfarenhet har för betydelse vid val av undervisningsformer enligt lärarna. Syftet är att genom en kvalitativ studie undersöka och belysa lärares resonemang och utsagor om val av undervisningsformer för att synliggöra olika undervisningsformer i skolans tidiga år. Undervisningsformerna som belyses är individuellt arbete, grupparbete och helklassundervisning. Metoden i studien är kvalitativ och baseras på intervjuer. Resultatet som kan dras av studien är att lärarna menar att undervisningsformer väljs utifrån styrande faktorer såsom elevgrupp, innehåll i undervisningen och styrdokument. Ett motiv som framkom är att lärarna i studien sa sig använda undervisningsformer där struktur och tydliga ramar prioriteras vid utformning av undervisningen. Slutsatsen är att lärares yrkeserfarenhet kan anses ha betydelse för val av undervisningsformer då de lärare som varit yrkesverksamma under många år menar att de har erfarenheter och upplevelser att utgå ifrån i större utsträckning än övriga lärare. En diskussion som förs om effekten av det ökade individuella arbetet är att skolan fostrar individualister som ska ut i yrkesverksamhet där grupp- och temaarbete är framträdande. Studien påvisar att valet av undervisningsformer inte alltid kan väljas efter visioner. Valet måste utgå från sammansättningen av elevgrupp, gruppstorlek och innehållet i undervisningen.</p>
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Teacher Response to Instances of Student Thinking During Whole Class DiscussionBernard, Rachel Marie 01 July 2017 (has links)
While the use of student thinking to help build mathematical understandings in a classroom has been emphasized in best teaching practices, teachers still struggle with this practice and research still lacks a full understanding of how such learning can and should occur. To help understand this complex practice, I analyzed every instance of student thinking and every teacher response to that thinking during a high school geometry teacher's whole class discussion and used these codes as evidence of alignment or misalignment with principles of effective use of student mathematical thinking. I explored the teacher's practice both in small and large grains by considering each of her responses to student thinking, and then considered the larger practice through multiple teacher responses unified under a single topic or theme in the class discussion. From these codes, I moved to an even larger grain to consider how the teacher's practice in general aligned with the principles. These combined coding schemes proved effective in providing a lens to both view and make sense of the complex practice of teachers responding to student thinking. I found that when responding to student thinking the teacher tended to not allow student thinking to be at the forefront of classroom discussion because of misinterpretation of the student thinking or only using the student thinking in a local sense to help advance the discussion as framed by the teacher's thinking. The results showed that allowing student thinking to be at the forefront of classroom discussion is one way to position students as legitimate mathematical thinkers, though this position can be weakened if the teacher makes a move to correct inaccurate or incorrect student thinking. Furthermore, when teachers respond to student thinking students are only able to be involved in sense making if the teacher turns the ideas back to the students in such a way that positions them to make sense of the mathematics. Finally, in order to allow students to collaborate a teacher must turn the mathematics to the students with time and space for them to meaningfully discuss the mathematics. I conclude that the teacher's practice that I analyzed is somewhat aligned with honoring student mathematical thinking and allowing student thinking to be at the forefront of class discussion. On the other hand, the teacher's practice was strongly misaligned with collaboration and sense making. In this teacher's class, then, students were rarely engaged in sense making or collaborating in their mathematical work.
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The impact of interactive-engagement models in the teaching and learning of physics to first year education studentsKhwanda, Mphiriseni Norman 07 1900 (has links)
The aim of this study was firstly to evaluate the impact of two interactive-engagement
models of instruction, namely Whole Class Discussions (WCD) and Computer Simulations
(CS) on first year physics student-teachers’ conceptual understanding of Newtonian
mechanics, and on their epistemological beliefs about physics. The force concept
inventory was used to evaluate the impact on conceptual understanding while the
Epistemological Beliefs About Physical Science questionnaire was used to evaluate the
impact on their epistemological beliefs. The findings suggest that interactive engagement
models had a positive impact on students’ conceptual understanding of Newtonian
mechanics, and on their epistemological beliefs about physics. The study also contributed
WCD and CS activities that can be used or adapted with an aim of enhancing conceptual
understanding in physics. The study did not show any direct relationship between
students’ conceptual understanding of Newtonian mechanics and their epistemological
beliefs about physics.
Key words:
Interactive-engagement, Whole Class Discussion, Computer Simulations, epistemological beliefs about physics. / Physics / M.Sc. (Physics Education)
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The impact of interactive-engagement models in the teaching and learning of physics to first year education studentsKhwanda, Mphiriseni Norman 07 1900 (has links)
The aim of this study was firstly to evaluate the impact of two interactive-engagement
models of instruction, namely Whole Class Discussions (WCD) and Computer Simulations
(CS) on first year physics student-teachers’ conceptual understanding of Newtonian
mechanics, and on their epistemological beliefs about physics. The force concept
inventory was used to evaluate the impact on conceptual understanding while the
Epistemological Beliefs About Physical Science questionnaire was used to evaluate the
impact on their epistemological beliefs. The findings suggest that interactive engagement
models had a positive impact on students’ conceptual understanding of Newtonian
mechanics, and on their epistemological beliefs about physics. The study also contributed
WCD and CS activities that can be used or adapted with an aim of enhancing conceptual
understanding in physics. The study did not show any direct relationship between
students’ conceptual understanding of Newtonian mechanics and their epistemological
beliefs about physics.
Key words:
Interactive-engagement, Whole Class Discussion, Computer Simulations, epistemological beliefs about physics. / Physics / M.Sc. (Physics Education)
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Elevernas upplevelser avmatematiksamtal i helklass- En intervju- och observationsstudie i grundskolanNorberg, Maria, Lagerlöf, Ida January 2021 (has links)
Studiens syfte är att bidra med en ökad förståelse av elevernas upplevelser av att delta imatematiska samtal i helklass. Arbetet tar avstamp i följande frågeställningar: Vad för slags deltagarmönster framträder i helklassamtal? Och Hur upplever elever delaktighet i matematiska samtal i helklass och vilka faktorer gör att delaktigheten upplevs så? Den metod som använts för att besvara syftet är semistrukturerad intervju samt observation. Studien genomfördes på en grundskola i tre olika klasser, samtliga i årskurs två. För att få en djupare förståelse av elevernas upplevelser valde vi att observera de klassrum som eleverna befann sig i under matematiklektionerna. Studien utgår från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande och de vårt ramverk vi utgått från är utforskande samtal. Studiens mest framträdande resultat visar att eleverna upplevde sitt deltagande som osäkert i matematiksamtal. De ville inte dela med sig av svar de var osäkra på samt tyckte att det var jobbigt att svara fel. Ett annat framträdande resultat var att två av eleverna upplevde praktiken som trygg. De hade inga problem med att dela med sig av svar de inte var säkra på och ansåg att de alltid hann tänka klart när läraren ställt en fråga. Faktorer som bidrog till elevernas upplevelser handlar om de frågor läraren ställer, att läraren endast väljer elever som räcker upp handen samt den korta betänketid som eleverna gavs. / The study aims to contribute an increased understanding of students´ experiences ofparticipating in mathematical whole-class conversations. The work is based on the following questions: What kind of participant pattern emerges in whole-class conversations? And How do students experience participation in mathematical whole-class conversations and what factors contribute? The method we used was semi-structured interviews with the students and observations during lessons in mathematics. The study was conducted at an elementary school in three different classes, all in grade two. To gain a deeper understanding of the students´ experience, we chose to study the environment they stayed in to relate their answers to the practice. The study is based on a socio-cultural perspective on learning and the framework we used is exploratory conversations. The study's most prominent results show that students experienced their participation as insecure in mathematics conversations. They did not want to share answers they were unsure of and thought it was hard to answer incorrectly. Another result shows that two of the students experienced their participation as safe. They had no problem sharing answers they were not sure about and felt that they always had time to think when the teacher asked a question. Factors that contributed to the students' experiences are about the questions the teacher asks, focus on the right answer, that the teacher only chooses students who raise their hand, and the short reflection time that the students were given.
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