Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:04:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaSueliFF.pdf: 1053990 bytes, checksum: e1b0f752b300ce7232435cab9e0841a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / This work presents a contribution for the studies reffering to the use of the History of Mathematics focusing on the improvement of the Teaching and Learning Process. It considers that the History of Matematics, as a way of giving meaning to the discipline and improve the quality of the Teaching and Learning Process. This research focuses on the questions of the students, classified in three categories of whys: the chronological, the logical and the pedagogical ones. Therefore, it is investigated the teaching of the Complex Numbers, from the questions of the students of the Centro Federal de Educa??o Tecnol?gica do Rio Grande do Norte (Educational Institution of Professional and Technology Education from Rio Grande do Norte). The work has the following goals: To classify and to analyse the questions of the students about the Complex Numbers in the classes of second grade of the High School, and to collate with the pointed categories used by Jones; To disccus what are the possible guidings that teachers of Mathematics can give to these questions; To present the resources needed to give support to the teacher in all things involving the History of Mathematics. Finally, to present a bibliographic research, trying to reveal supporting material to the teacher, with contents that articulate the Teaching of Mathematics with the History of Mathematics. It was found that the questionings of the pupils reffers more to the pedagogical whys, and the didatic books little contemplate other aspects of the history and little say about the sprouting and the evolution of methods of calculations used by us as well / Este trabalho busca apresentar uma contribui??o para os estudos referentes ao uso da Hist?ria da Matem?tica visando ? melhoria do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Prop?e que a Hist?ria da Matem?tica seja articulada ao Ensino da Matem?tica, como forma de dar significado ? disciplina e melhorar a qualidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Nesta investiga??o, o foco est? nas indaga??es dos alunos, classificadas em tr?s categorias de porqu?s: o cronol?gico, o l?gico e o pedag?gico. Para tanto, investiga-se o ensino dos n?meros complexos, a partir das quest?es levantadas pelos alunos do Centro Federal de Educa??o Tecnol?gica do Rio Grande do Norte, em Natal. O trabalho tem como objetivos: classificar e analisar os questionamentos dos alunos nas aulas de n?meros complexos, da segunda s?rie do Ensino M?dio, e confront?-los com as categorias apontadas por Jones; discutir quais os poss?veis encaminhamentos que o professor de Matem?tica pode dar a estas quest?es; apresentar os recursos de apoio ao professor no que se refere ? Hist?ria da Matem?tica. Em seguida, apresenta uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica, buscando revelar material de apoio ao professor, com conte?dos que articulassem o Ensino da Matem?tica com a Hist?ria da Matem?tica. Descobrimos que os questionamentos dos alunos referem-se mais aos porqu?s pedag?gicos e que os livros did?ticos pouco contemplam outros aspectos da hist?ria e pouco dizem sobre o surgimento e a evolu??o dos m?todos de c?lculos utilizados por n?s

This thesis has analyzed the design process within the Lean Manufacturing Equipment (LME) department of Virtual Manufacturing AB. This department offers customized solutions to improve the flow, processes, and ergonomics in internal logistics and material handling. The work incorporates scientific theories within Lean, such as Just-in-Time, Kaizen, and Jidoka. Additionally, theories on lean waste were also utilized.By examining an LME-project conducted in the summer of 2023, where several problems arose, a root cause analysis was performed. This was done by first identifying the responsibilities of the designers in the LME-process. Subsequently, an Ishikawa-diagram was created, focusing on the involvement of the designers. Finally, three areas of causation were selected and analyzed more thoroughly using the "5 Whys?" Method.The result of this method provided solutions in the form of three improvement suggestions, which are: • Automated tool for wheel selection.• Standardization of categorization of Karakuri products.• Improvement of documentation for revisions.These improvement suggestions were analyzed from a Lean perspective as well as their social, economic, and environmental sustainability. / Detta examensarbete har analyserat konstruktionsprocessen inom Virtual Manufacturing AB:savdelning Lean Manufacturing Equipment (LME). Denna avdelning erbjuder kundanpassade lösningar för att förbättra flödet, processer och ergonomin inom internlogistik och materialhantering. Detta arbete omfamnar vetenskaplig teori inom Lean så som Just-in-Time, Kaizen och Jidoka. Utöver detta nyttjades även teori om lean-slöserier.Genom att undersöka ett LME-projekt som genomfördes sommaren 2023 där flertalet problem uppstod gjordes en rotorsaksanalys. Detta gjordes genom att först konstatera konstruktörernas ansvar i LME-processen. Vidare skapades ett Ishikawa-diagram som sedan avgränsades till konstruktörernas involvering. Slutligen valdes tre orsaksområden som analyserades mer noggrant med hjälp av metoden “5 Varför?”.Resultatet av denna metod gav lösningar i form av tre förbättringsförslag, vilka är:• Automatiserat hjälpmedel för val av hjul.• Standardisering av kategorisering av Karakuri-produkter.• Förbättring av dokumenteringen av revisioner.Dessa förbättringsförslag analyserades från ett lean-perspektiv samt deras sociala, ekonomiska och miljömässiga hållbarhet.

[pt] O presente trabalho trata das principais causas que geram armazenagem alfandegada acima do prazo inicial concedido pelos armazéns alfandegados para realização da nacionalização da carga. Esta pesquisa está restrita aos processos de importação de uma empresa de grande porte da indústria de óleo e gás. Tendo em vista que os valores de armazenagens são pagos de forma correspondente ao valor FOB de cada carga e que o setor da empresa analisado foi responsável pela importação de um valor FOB de 35.157.935.870 bilhões no ano de 2017, o que representa 4 por cento do PIB do Brasil, buscou-se uma proposta de melhoria que reduzisse os índices da empresa através da utilização de ferramenta Lean. A investigação foi realizada através de verificação dos registros da empresa em sistema informatizado, os dados recolhidos foram analisados através da análise dos cinco porquês e classificados em sete fatores principais. Após esta etapa, houve a priorização de análise das causas de armazenagens superiores ao tempo estabelecido dos fatores com maior recorrência e sugestões de ações corretivas foram informadas através de brainstorming. Como resultado alcançado, houve a indicação de uma nova forma de contratação de prestação de serviços para a empresa em questão e diversas sugestões de melhoria nos demais fatores causais. A utilização do Lean nos processos de armazenagem já foi foco de diversos estudos na área acadêmica, no entanto, a utilização do Lean em processos de gestão de armazenagem alfandegada representa um avanço, visto que o tratamento entre a armazenagem comum e a alfandegada diverge de forma muito significativa entre si. Além disso, as proposições de melhoria do estudo foram aplicadas e estão em exercício no ano de 2019. Novas pesquisas na área podem ser aplicadas buscando a verificação e quantificação do resultado obtido pelas sugestões informadas. / [en] This paper deals with the main causes that generate bonded warehousing above the initial deadline - granted by bonded warehouses for the nationalization of the cargo. This research is restricted to the importation processes of a large company, on the oil and gas industry. Considering that the storage figures are paid corresponding to the FOB value of each load, and that the analyzed company s sector was responsible for importing a FOB value of 35,157,935,870 billions in 2017, which represents 4 percent of Brazil s GDP, an improvement proposal was sought, in order to reduce the company s indexes through the use of the Lean tool. The examination was performed by verifying the company s records in a computerized system, the collected data was then analyzed through the analysis of the five whys and categorized into seven main factors. Then, there was a prioritization of analysis of storage causes that were higher than the established time of the most recurrent factors, and suggestions for corrective actions were informed through brainstorming. As a result, a new form of service contracting was indicated for the company in question and several suggestions for improvement in the other causal factors were given. The use of Lean tools in warehousing processes has been the focus of several studies in the academic area, however, the use of Lean in bonded warehousing management processes represents a breakthrough, since the treatment regarding common and bonded warehousing diverges significantly. Furthermore, during the year of 2019, the study s improvement propositions have being applied and are currently in operation. New research in the area can be applied seeking the verification and quantification of the result obtained by the informed suggestions.

Detta examensarbete handlar om hur man kan gå tillväga för att finna orsaken till att kvalitetsfel uppstår i en tillverkningsprocess och hur man kan förhindra att samma kvalitetsproblem fortsätter att existera. En central del i examensarbetet har även varit att belysa vikten av att identifiera ett problems grundorsak. Syftet med studien är att belysa några av flera metoder som kan användas för att hitta orsaker till kvalitetsrelaterade fel inom tillverkningsindustrin. De data som samlats in och står i grund för resultatet och slutsatserna har bestått av litteraturstudier, observationer och intervjuer. De kvalitetsverktygen som framfördes i studien är ”Fem varför” och Ishikawadiagram, vilket är två verktyg som bland annat gör det möjligt att upptäcka grundorsaken till ett problems uppkomst. De praktiska tillämpningarna av kvalitetsverktygen är presenterade i en fallstudie som har utförts på Johnson Controls AB i Göteborg, Sverige. Fallstudien är gjord på en av flera produktionslinor där ett rådande problem med kvalitet ansågs vara kritiskt. Slutsatserna som har dragits av detta examenarbete är att det är viktigt att identifiera grundorsaken till ett problems uppkomst för att kunna implementera en långsiktig åtgärd. Risken med att endast lindra ett problems symptom (och inte roten till dess uppkomst) är att det aldrig elimineras utan existerar och ständigt kräver resurser för att lindras. Genom att identifiera ett problems grundorsak kan man därmed se till att det inte uppstår igen, eftersom det då kan elimineras. Det finns olika metoder och verktyg som kan användas för att identifiera grundorsaken till ett problem, två stycken som nämns i rapporten är ”Fem varför” och Ishikawadiagram. Det är viktigt att fokus och resurser läggs på ett sådant långsiktigt arbete. / This thesis is about how you can find the cause of quality defects in manufacturing processes and how to prevent that the same issue continue to exist. A part of the thesis illuminate the importance of identifying the root cause of a problem. The purpose of the study is to highlight some of the many methods that can be used to fins the causes for defects concerning quality in the industrial sector. The data that is collected and are the basis for the result and conclusions of the case study consisted of literature studies, observations and interviews. The quality tools that are presented in the study are “Five Whys” and the Ishikawa chart, which are two tools that, among others, makes it possible to find the root cause of a problems occurrence. The practical applications of the quality tools are presented in a case study that was conducted at Johnson Controls AB in Gothenburg, Sweden. The case study was based on observations concerning one of several production lines, where the current quality problem was critical. The conclusions drawn from this thesis is that it is important to identify the root cause of the occurrence of a problem in order to implement long-term actions and measures. The risk that comes with only reliving the symptom of a problem (and not the root of it) is that it will not be eliminated but exists and constantly requires resources to be alleviated. By identifying the root cause of a problem, one can be assure that it will not occur again, since it will be eliminated. There are various methods and tools that can be used to identify the root cause of a problem; two of them that are mentioned in the report is “Five Whys” and the Ishikawa chart. It is important to focus and resources are spent on such a long-term actions and efforts.

Volvo Aero utvecklar, konstruerar, tillverkar och utför underhåll av motorer och tillhörande komponenter för civila och militära flygplan. Visionen är att leverera världsledande transportlösningar genom ständig förbättring och långsiktig utveckling av verksamheten, vilket för det dagliga arbetet innebär systematisk problemlösning genom metodiken praktisk problemlösning, vars ursprung är Toyota. Syftet med studien var att undersöka huruvida Volvo Aeros tillämpning av praktisk problemlösning var enkel, systematisk och vägledande, vilket ur Toyotas perspektiv ger förutsättning för effektiv problemlösning. Inledningsvis beskrevs Toyotas inställning och beteende till problemlösning utifrån The Toyota Way, som sedan följdes upp med en litteraturstudie gällande praktisk problemlösning. Vidare genomfördes en pilotstudie där Volvo Aeros tillämpning av praktisk problemlösning applicerades på ett organisatoriskt problem. Därefter utvärderades pilotstudien och förbättringsområden identifierades där metodiken var svår, otydlig och otillräckligt vägledande. Slutligen föreslogs följande förbättringar gällande Volvo Aeros tillämpning av praktisk problemlösning, vilka var vetenskapligt förankrade till Toyota. Definiering och analysering av symtomen ger förståelse för problemets orsaker. Kvantifiering av nuvarande tillstånd och det förväntades åskådliggör problemets omfattning. Framgår grundorsaken tydligt är sannolikt motåtgärden uppenbar. En god tillämpning av Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) utgör ett effektivt och kraftfullt maskineri för ständig förbättring. Förbättringarna som föreslogs syftade till att förenkla Volvo Aeros metodik och ge användaren ökad trygghet och vägledning, vilket ger förutsättning för effektiv problemlösning som möjliggör daglig tillämpning och främjar ständig förbättring. / Volvo Aero develops, designs, manufactures and performs maintenance of engine and related components for civil and military aircrafts. The vision is to deliver world-leading transport solutions through continuous improvement and long term business deployment, which for the daily work means systematic problem solving through the methodology practical problem solving, whose origin is Toyota. The purpose of this thesis was to examine whether Volvo Aero’s approach of practical problem solving was simple, systematic and guided, which from Toyota’s point of view creates sound conditions for effective problem solving. Initially, Toyota’s attitude and behaviour towards problem solving was described from the point of view of The Toyota Way. Thereafter, a literature study on practical problem solving was completed. Furthermore, a pilot study was carried out where Volvo Aero’s approach to practical problem solving was applied to an organisational problem. The pilot study was evaluated and areas for improvements were identified where the methodology was difficult, indistinct and inadequate guided. Finally, improvements were proposed regarding Volvo Aero’s approach to practical problem solving, which was scientifically anchored to Toyota. Defining and analysing the symptoms brings understanding for the causes of the problem Quantifying the present condition and the expected illustrates the magnitude of the problem Appears the root cause to be clear is probably the countermeasure obvious A considerable approach using Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) provides an effective and strong tool for continuous improvement The improvements were proposed with purpose to simplify Volvo Aero’s methodology and to support and guide the user, which creates sound conditions for effective problem solving and provides opportunities for daily use that foster continuous improvement.

[pt] Grandes desafios surgiram para as organizações devido ao avanço tecnológico ocorrido nos últimos tempos. Qualidade no produto não é mais um meio para se obter vantagem competitiva, mas sim uma necessidade para as organizações manterem seus clientes. Deste modo, formas para que a qualidade esteja cada vez mais presente nas organizações se fazem necessárias. Neste contexto, os objetivos do presente trabalho são estudar os principais métodos de análise de causa raiz da literatura, apresentando suas etapas, características, peculiaridades, comparação, e exemplificar a aplicação desses métodos. Uma vez conhecidos pelas organizações, a aplicação de tais métodos pode prevenir recorrência de falhas, levando às organizações a um nível superior de qualidade, aumento de produtividade, e consequentemente maior satisfação dos clientes. A pesquisa foi iniciada pelo levantamento e estudo dos métodos apontados em referências acadêmicas, Método dos 5 por quês, Diagrama de Ishikawa, Análise de Barreira de Controle, Gráfico de Fator Causal e Evento (GFCE), Análise de Árvore de Falhas (AAF) e Mapa de Causa Raiz, seguidos da apresentação de um exemplo de falha elaborado no contexto de uma indústria manufatureira metal-mecânica. Cada método foi aplicado ao problema de não conformidade. Os resultados dos métodos foram comparados e em seguida as vantagens e desvantagens dos métodos foram destacadas. Os Métodos 5 por quês, Diagrama de Ishikawa e Análise de Barreira de Controle foram considerados mais adequados para problemas considerados simples em uma organização industrial. Já para problemas considerados complexos, cujas causas raízes não são facilmente identificadas, os métodos GFCE, AAF e Mapa de Causa Raiz foram considerados os mais indicados. / [en] Great challenges emerged for organizations due to technological advance occurred in recent times. Product quality is no longer a means to gain competitive advantage, but a necessity for organizations to keep their customers. Thus, ways in which quality is increasingly present in organizations are necessary to facilitate its implementation. In this context, the objectives of this work are to study the major methods of root cause analysis of the literature, with its stages, features, peculiarities, comparison, and exemplify the application of these methods. Once known by the organizations, the application of such methods can prevent recurrence of failures, leading organizations to a higher level of quality, increased productivity, and thus increased customer satisfaction. This research was initiated by the survey and study of methods aimed at academic references, 5 Whys, Ishikawa Diagram, Control Barrier Analysis, Event and Causal Factor Charting, Fault Tree Analysis and Root Cause Map, followed by the presentation of an example fault developed in the context of a metalworking manufacturing. Each method was applied to the problem of non-compliance. The results of both methods are compared and then the advantages and disadvantages of both methods are highlighted. 5 Whys, Ishikawa Diagram and Control Barrier Analysis were considered appropriated to simple problems in an industrial organization. In complex problems cases, which root causes are not easily identified, Event and Causal Factor Charting, Fault Tree Analysis and Root Cause Map were considered more appropriated.

Diploma thesis deals with solving of the problem with heat shield used in a turbocharger for heavy duty vehicles. The description of the problem origin with focus on environmental standarts and therefore a need of changes in turbocharger construction, is included. Further, the procedure for finding the component failure causes using the results of stress tests and analyses performed is described step by step. Most of the practical part is focused on a use of quality tools for finding a root cause of heat shield failure and also on advanced material analysis, verifying the results from quality analysis performed. An the end of the thesis there are suggested and accepted measures for elimination of similar failure recurrence and recommendations for further development.

Cílem této práce bylo popsat řízení bezpečnosti a kontrolní mechanizmy, které jsou používané v korporátním prostředí. Práce se zabývá teoretickým popisem standardů používaných pro aplikační bezpečnost, dále popisuje nástroje určené pro získavání informací o firemním prostředí, které mohou být použity pro odhalovaní bezpečnostních zranitelností, nebo pro jejich odstranění. Také popisuje procesy, kterými se mají společnosti řídit, aby byla minimalizována možnost dopadu na produkci a rovněž zaručena trvalá bezpečnost prostředí. Uvedené jsou i kontroly dosažených výsledků při použití nových technologií a jejich finanční i časové výhody.