Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento, Florianópolis, 2009 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T08:35:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 272439.pdf: 1425413 bytes, checksum: 47f2bcd043d43c08134b294ff00ad3bf (MD5) / Dentre as ferramentas disponíveis para implantar produção colaborativa de conhecimento nas organizações, a utilização de wikis vem ganhando destaque e se mostrando uma solução de baixo custo e elevado grau de eficiência. No entanto, algumas dificuldades ainda surgem durante a tentativa de popularização desse tipo de tecnologia. Além das questões culturais intrínsecas às organizações, as próprias limitações tecnológicas acarretam problemas, fazendo com que projetos promissores sejam abandonados sem alcançar a totalidade dos objetivos planejados. Neste trabalho, são estudados os problemas mais comuns que surgem durante o processo de implantação de um wiki nas organizações e propostas soluções para estas dificuldades. Mais que isso, são avaliadas as questões culturais concernentes ao tema e também sugeridas estratégias para uma implantação com sucesso. O principal objetivo é descobrir formas para que o wiki se torne uma ferramenta de uso comum na organização e o projeto não seja abandonado. Solidificar o conceito de produção colaborativa através de wiki é o grande desafio que se apresenta à solução. Para buscar as respostas e soluções, foram estudadas instalações anteriores, avaliadas as diversas opções de software disponíveis e realizada a criação de um wiki no Tribunal de Justiça de Santa Catarina - o TJWiki. A partir dessa instalação, o trabalho de campo permitiu que fossem corroboradas - ou por vezes desmentidas - teorias iniciais sobre o assunto, resultando em um compêndio que se propõe a apresentar as melhores práticas para alcançar os objetivos propostos. O trabalho realizado destaca a importância de apoio institucional para o sucesso do projeto, não se limitando, portanto, aos aspectos técnicos da tecnologia empregada. Por fim, a avaliação dos resultados com base nas estatísticas colhidas permite detectar pontos de estrangulamento do trabalho e sugere melhorias no modelo proposto, bem como recomendações para a continuidade do presente trabalho.

Durante as Ãltimas dÃcadas, parte dos debates que cercam a interface mantida entre ComunicaÃÃo e PolÃtica se concentrou em avaliar a capacidade dos media digitais como instrumentos capazes de fomentar a participaÃÃo. Seguindo tal direÃÃo, esta pesquisa propÃe examinar como determinados mecanismos de comunicaÃÃo digital vÃm sendo empregados sob a perspectiva de um projeto autoconstruÃdo atravÃs da colaboraÃÃo. A WikipÃdia, objeto deste trabalho, à uma enciclopÃdia livre, um sistema do qual mÃltiplos agentes podem participar, seja escrevendo verbetes ou editando conteÃdos jà existentes. Destaque-se que a modificaÃÃo colaborativa dos verbetes abre a possibilidade de realizaÃÃo de um debate pÃblico (abrigado nas pÃginas de discussÃo exclusivas para cada tema) acerca do teor das informaÃÃes que sÃo tornadas disponÃveis aos usuÃrios. As questÃes especÃficas que guiam a pesquisa sÃo: Quais sÃo os impactos na quantidade de acessos e de ediÃÃes de certas biografias quando se tem no horizonte uma corrida eleitoral acirrada? De que maneira se dÃo os debates em torno da elaboraÃÃo dos verbetes dos principais candidatos que concorreram à Prefeitura de SÃo Paulo em 2012? O corpus empÃrico consiste de trÃs verbetes disponÃveis na enciclopÃdia, relativos principais candidatos que disputaram a Prefeitura da cidade de SÃo Paulo em 2012, a saber, âCelso Russomannoâ, âFernando Haddadâ e âJosà Serraâ. Metodologicamente, opta-se por uma abordagem que conta com duas dimensÃes, uma quantitativa e outra qualitativa. A anÃlise quantitativa considera o intervalo entre 2008 e 2012, explorando os Ãndices de page views e as tendÃncias das ediÃÃes. Jà o exame qualitativo investiga, a partir de elementos da Teoria Deliberativa, a colaboraÃÃo e a deliberaÃÃo pÃblica em torno dos trÃs artigos, delimitando-se ao perÃodo de 2012. A intenÃÃo à compreender a WikipÃdia para alÃm dos seus diagnÃsticos meramente instrumentais: acredita-se que as formas de uso de tal plataforma refletem, de alguma maneira, o contexto e a cultura polÃtica local e/ou nacional. Concluiu-se que o contexto das eleiÃÃes acaba influenciando a dinÃmica das ediÃÃes realizadas na WikipÃdia. AlÃm disso, à possÃvel observar um notÃvel aumento na quantidade de modificaÃÃes e nos acessos aos verbetes aqui investigados. Verifica-se que os usuÃrios que mais editam sÃo os mesmos que mais buscam o debate nas pÃginas de discussÃo. No entanto, do ponto de vista deliberativo, as pÃginas de discussÃo dos verbetes desses candidatos apresentaram poucos debates. O contexto das eleiÃÃes apresenta limitaÃÃes no que diz respeito a discussÃes racionais, visto que o objetivo de parte dos usuÃrios à convencer os outros wikipedistas sobre os aspectos positivos dos seus candidatos ou acerca das caracterÃsticas negativas dos adversÃrios. / Over the last decades, part of the debates surrounding the interface between Communication and Politics maintained focused on evaluating the ability of digital media as instruments to encourage participation. Following this direction, this research proposes to examine how certain digital communication mechanisms have been employed from the perspective of a self-built project through collaboration. Wikipedia, the subject of this work, is a free encyclopedia, a system in which multiple agents can participate, either writing or editing existing entries contents. It should be emphasized that collaborative modification of entries opens the possibility of holding a public debate (housed in the pages of exclusive thread for each theme) about the content of information that is made available to users. The specific questions guiding the research are: What are the impacts on the amount of hits and editions of some biographies when you have a tight election race? In what way are given the debates surrounding the drafting of the entries of the main candidates who ran for mayor of Sao Paulo, in 2012? The empirical corpus consists of three entries available in the encyclopedia, relating to the main candidates competing to be mayor of the city of SÃo Paulo in 2012: âCelso Russomannoâ, âFernando Haddadâ e âJosà Serraâ. Methodologically, we chose an approach that has two dimensions: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative analysis considers the interval between 2008 and 2012, exploring the contents of page views and trends of editions. The qualitative examination investigates, from elements of Deliberative Theory, collaboration and public deliberation on the three articles, studying the period 2012. The intention is to understand Wikipedia beyond its purely instrumental diagnostics: we believe ways to use this platform reflect in any way, the context and the local and/or national political culture. It was concluded that the context of the elections eventually influenced the dynamics of edits made on Wikipedia. Furthermore, it is possible to observe a notable increase in the amount of modifications and accesses to entries investigated here. It appears that the more users who edit are the same as more seek debate on talk pages. However, from the point of deliberative view, the discussion pages of the entries of these candidates had few discussions. The context of election has limitations with respect to rational discussion, since the goal of the users is to convince other âwikipediansâ on the positive aspects of their candidates or on the negative characteristics of opponents.

Orientador: Rafael de Almeida Evangelista / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T16:29:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares_TiagoChagas_M.pdf: 2422826 bytes, checksum: 889396d6a8ba374d58f1154859ba6192 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nas primeiras décadas do século XXI, a Wikipédia aparenta desenhar-se como a mais popular e lida enciclopédia do mundo. Descentralizada, construída colaborativamente, e utilizando-se de expedientes técnicos e editoriais abertos, a Wikipédia é considerada um dos mais emblemáticos e bem sucedidos produtos do universo de práticas e ideologias conformado sob o projeto ao qual é dado o nome Cibercultura. A pesquisa proposta na dissertação em questão relaciona, a partir do levantamento histórico e crítico dos movimentos históricos a marcarem a Cibercultura, o funcionamento do projeto personificado na Wikipédia e seu papel na consolidação do ideal cibercultural no universo da cultura e da produção do conhecimento / Abstract: In the first decades of the 21st century, Wikipedia seems to be the most widely read and popular encyclopedia in the world. Decentralized, built collaboratively, and using open editorial and technical expedients, Wikipedia is considered one of the most iconic and successful products of the universe of practices and ideologies built under the project to which is given the name Cyberculture. The research here presented examines the historical events that culminated on the development of Cyberculture, mapping its relations to the project embodied in Wikipedia and the role of Wikipedia in consolidating the cybercultural ideal within spaces of culture and knowledge / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestre em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

The purpose of this study was to determinate the differences and similarities in the use of Internet and New Media between Czech Republic and Spain. This thesis defined the Internet user's profile and the usage of the Internet in both nations. It was also analyzed the social software Facebook, Tuenti (Spain) and Lidé (Czech Republic); the online encyclopedia Wikipedia and the server YouTube (and its closest competitor in each country). The information was mainly gathered from Internet. Then it was analyzed and compared. The author used her personal experience and knowledge of both cultures for the interpretation of the results. This work showed that there is not a big difference in the usage of Internet and New Media between these countries. For example, the difference in the Internet usage is not bigger than 5%. It also showed that Czech Republic has experienced the biggest growth in the area, even though Spain has more users. Both countries showed similar interest in web pages such as Facebook, Google and YouTube. Additionally, it demonstrated that the Spanish market is reacting better to the new opportunities offered by the social software. For this reason, they had created their own -- called Tuenti -- which is the main competition of Facebook in this country. On the other hand, Czech Republic does not have a website that counts with all the services offered by Facebook, which can explain the growth on the numbers of Czech users the last year. Wikipedia has versions available on the native languages of both countries. It is widely used, not only by the students who use it as a source for their paper work, but also in areas like marketing and journalism. YouTube is one of the most popular servers in these nations. They have their local video servers, but none of them have the same importance as YouTube. The author hopes this work will be a base for future investigators who will be interested on the comparison of these countries on the new technologies.

The beginning of this decade has seen a phenomenal raise in the amount of data generated in the world. While this increase provides us with opportunities to understand various aspects of human behavior and mechanisms behind new phenomena, the technologies, statistical techniques and theories required to gain an in depth and comprehensive understanding haven't progressed at an equal pace. As little as 5 years back, we used to deal with problems where there is insufficient prior social science or economic theory and the interest is only in prediction of the outcome or where there is an appropriate social science or economic theory and the interest is in explaining a given phenomenon. Today, we deal with problems where there is insufficient social science or economic theory but the interest is in explaining a given phenomenon. This creates a big challenge the solution to which is of equal interest to both academics and practitioners. In my research, I contribute towards addressing these challenges by building exploratory frameworks that leverage a variety of techniques including social network analysis, text and data mining, econometrics, statistical computing and visualization. My three essay dissertation focuses on understanding the antecedents to the quality of user generated content and on subscription and un-subscription behavior of users from lists on Social Media. Using a data science approach on population sized samples from Wikipedia and Twitter, I demonstrate the power of customized exploratory analyses in uncovering facts that social science or economic theory doesn't dictate and show how metrics from these analyses can be used to build prediction models with higher accuracy. I also demonstrate a method for combining exploration, prediction and explanatory modeling and propose to extend this methodology to provide causal inference. This dissertation has general implications for building better predictive and explanatory models and for mining text efficiently in Social Media.

While pragmatics, through its integration of situational awareness and real world relevant knowledge, offers a high level of analysis that is suitable for real interpretation of natural dialogue, semantics, on the other end, represents a lower yet more tractable and affordable linguistic level of analysis using current technologies. Generally, the understanding of semantic meaning in literature has revolved around the famous quote ``You shall know a word by the company it keeps''. In this thesis we investigate the role of context constituents in decoding the semantic meaning of the engulfing context; specifically we probe the role of salient concepts, defined as content-bearing expressions which afford encyclopedic definitions, as a suitable source of semantic clues to an unambiguous interpretation of context. Furthermore, we integrate this world knowledge in building a new and robust unsupervised semantic model and apply it to entail semantic relatedness between textual pairs, whether they are words, sentences or paragraphs. Moreover, we explore the abstraction of semantics across languages and utilize our findings into building a novel multi-lingual semantic relatedness model exploiting information acquired from various languages. We demonstrate the effectiveness and the superiority of our mono-lingual and multi-lingual models through a comprehensive set of evaluations on specialized synthetic datasets for semantic relatedness as well as real world applications such as paraphrase detection and short answer grading. Our work represents a novel approach to integrate world-knowledge into current semantic models and a means to cross the language boundary for a better and more robust semantic relatedness representation, thus opening the door for an improved abstraction of meaning that carries the potential of ultimately imparting understanding of natural language to machines.

Genealogical records play a crucial role in helping people to discover their lineage and to understand where they come from. They provide a way for people to celebrate their heritage and to possibly reconnect with family they had never considered. However, genealogical records are hard to come by for ordinary people since their information is not always well established in known databases. There often is free form text that describes a person’s life, but this must be manually read in order to extract the relevant genealogical information. In addition, multiple texts may have to be read in order to create an extensive tree. This thesis proposes a novel three part system which can automatically interpret free form text to extract relationships and produce a family tree compliant with GED- COM formatting. The first subsystem builds an extendable database of genealogical records that are systematically extracted from free form text. This corpus provides the tagged data for the second subsystem, which trains a Naı̈ve Bayes classifier to predict relationships from free form text by examining the types of relationships for pairs of entities and their associated feature vectors. The last subsystem accumulates extracted relationships into family trees. When a multiclass Naı̈ve Bayes classifier is used, the proposed system achieves an accuracy of 54%. When binary Naı̈ve Bayes classifiers are used, the proposed system achieves accuracies of 69% for the child to parent relationship classifier, 75% for the spousal relationship classifier, and 73% for the sibling relationship classifier.

Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit beschreibt und analysiert Methoden, um aus den Datenbeständen der Wikipedia in verschiedenen Sprachen einen multilingualen Thesaurus zu erstellen. Dabei sollen insbesondere die Beziehungen zwischen Termen (Wörtern, Wortformen, Phrasen) zu sprachunabhängigen Konzepten extrahiert werden sowie die Beziehungen zwischen solchen Konzepten, speziell Beziehungen der Über- bzw. Unterordnung (Subsumtion) sowie der semantischen Verwandtheit und Ähnlichkeit. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Anforderungen sowie die verfügbaren Rohdaten analysiert, ein Prototyp zur Extraktion der gewünschten Daten entwickelt und die mit dem Prototyp gewonnenen Daten in Bezug auf die zuvor formulierten Anforderungen evaluiert.

Der Vortrag wurde zum UNIX-Stammtsich am 25.5.2010 gehalten.

The dissertation deals with the issue of open educational resources (OER) in the context of environmental studies. The thesis has been framed as a set of four thematically related studies published as peer-reviewed articles in relevant professional journals. The introductory section deals with the broader context of the issue of open educational resources and clarifies the thematic context of individual publications. The first study discusses the issue of open educational resources, the evaluation of their quality and possibilities of use in environmental disciplines; at the same time, it analyzes various types of resources available for environmental education in the Czech environment. Based on this, research was carried out among students of environmental disciplines at Czech universities on a sample of 233 respondents. The results of the research are presented in the second study, which focuses on quality assessment, while the third study deals with the general methods of OER use. Findings show that the most widely used resource among students is Wikipedia, which they also consider to be a relatively high-quality resource. For these reasons, the last study focuses further on Wikipedia and the proposed verifiability of claims by respected sources as a quality indicator for the use of Wikipedia in...