Titus Pomponius Atticus fut l'un des personnages les plus controversés du dernier siècle de la République romaine. Son nom s'inscrivit dans la postérité grâce à la relation d'amicitia qu'il partagea toute sa vie avec le grand orateur Cicéron. Ami des plus hauts dignitaires de son temps, quelles que soient leurs tendances politiques, il se constitua un réseau de relations amicales, qui lui permit de préserver « sa tranquillité » dans un monde marqué par le sceau de guerres civiles impitoyables. Pratiquant un épicurisme modéré, ce romain s'adonna aux plaisirs de l'otium, et tenta d'opérer une symbiose entre les impératifs de sa « condition » et les « exigences » de sa morale. En tant que financier de l'aristocratie, informateur, conseiller politique et libraire-éditeur, cet homme, tel un caméléon, possédait de nombreux talents, qui lui attirèrent la faveur et l'estime de « tous » ses contemporains. Dans un contexte politique aussi troublé et dangereux que celui du premier siècle de la République, menacé à plusieurs reprises, il est ressorti grandi durant chacune de ces guerres qui auraient dû le perdre. En effet, pendant que ses proches étaient précipités dans le malheur, chaque changement de régime consolidait sa position et sa fortune. Véritable exemple de sociabilité, il a joui d'un indéniable pouvoir d'action politique par le biais de ses amitiés. Là où certains se sont obstinés à vouloir changer seulement le présent, il fit preuve d'une habileté et d'une ingéniosité hors du commun. Tel un visionnaire en avance sur son temps, il se contenta d'observer, d'analyser, d'entrevoir l'avenir et de mener, à l'abri des regards indiscrets, une « politique d'action » capable de faire face à la Révolution qui donnerait naissance à l'empire romain. Bien qu'acteur et témoin privilégiés de la destinée de Rome, il afficha une farouche volonté de se maintenir dans l'ombre du pouvoir. Conscient des réalités de son temps et désireux de « rester libre », il était déterminé à « vivre » et à « survivre » selon ses aspirations, à une époque où cela semblait impossible. Cet « homme de l'ombre », même s'il protège encore aujourd'hui le mystère autour de sa personne, se présente comme l'archétype du romain, ayant réussi le parfait syncrétisme entre le « politique » et le « sage », en devenant un des exemples les plus significatifs de la réussite romaine. / Titus Pomponius Atticus was one of the most controversial characters during the last century of the Roman Republic. His name went down in History thanks to his lifelong amicitia, his friendship, with famous roman orator: Cicero. Friend with the highest dignitaries of his time, regardless of their political affiliations, he succeeded in constituting a network of friendly relations which allowed him to preserve his “tranquility”, in a time marked by many ruthless civil wars. Practicing a moderate form of Epicureanism, this Roman man devoted himself to the pleasures of Otium while attempting to make a symbiosis between the duties of his “condition,” and the “demands” of his morality. As a aristocratic financier, an informant, a political adviser, a bookseller and a publisher, this man, like a chameleon, possessed many talents which attracted the favor and esteem of « all » of his contemporaries. In a political context as troubled and dangerous as the First century of the Republic, threatened many times, Atticus managed to come out of each of these wars with an increase stature. Indeed, during that time, while his closest relatives were struck by misfortune with each regime change, Atticus' position and fortune grew stronger and bigger. As a true example of sociability, he enjoyed a real political power through his friendships. Where some insisted on changing only the present, Atticus showed great ability and ingenuity. Like a visionary ahead of this time, he chose to observe, analyze, foresee the future, and to lead a « political action » capable of dealing with the revolution that will give birth to the Roman Empire. Although a privileged actor and witness of the roman fate, he displayed a fierce desire to remain behind the scenes. He was aware of the realities of his time and was eager to « remain free ». He was also determined to “live” and “survive” according to his desires, at a time when this seemed impossible. This « man of the shadows », who until now still remains a mystery for most of us, appears like the perfect roman archetype, having succeeded in creating the ideal fusion between the “ politic” and the “sage”, and in becoming one of the finest and most significant examples of Roman accomplishment.

« Je sais très bien à quel point les Chinois, en tant que nation comme en tant qu’individus, sont actuellement dans la réalisation de l’idéal le plus élevé de leur civilisation. Néanmoins, en regardant l’état actuel des choses démoralisant en Chine, si on prend la peine d’interpréter et d’examiner les faits, je pense qu’il est juste de dire ici qu’on ne peut pas considérer cette civilisation comme un échec. Si vous jugez une civilisation aux modes de divertissement de l’homme moyen, la civilisation chinoise est effectivement un échec. Mais si vous la jugez à l’aune de la force et au sens de l’obligation morale qui incombe à la nation alors je pense que l’on peut affirmer que la civilisation chinoise loin d’être un échec est au contraire une merveilleuse réussite. » / “I am well aware how very far the Chinese as a nation and as individuals are at present from the realisation of the high ideal of their civilisation. But at the same time I think it right to say here that even now, looking upon the present demoralised state of things in China, the Chinese civilisation, if one would take the trouble to interpret and look into the inside of facts, cannot be considered a failure. If you judge a civilisation by the extent to which men of means living under that civilisation can enjoy themselves, the Chinese civilisation in certainly a failure. But if you judge a civilisation by the standard of strength and effectiveness of the sense of moral obligation in the nation living under that civilisation, then I think I can show that the Chinese civilisation even now is not a failure, but, on the contrary, a wonderful success.”

This research examines the perceptions of program alumni from Class Afloat – a particular tall ship sailing study school – with a view for perceived personal and social development during the experience and since, through an Aristotelian virtue lens. Set at the disciplinary intersection of Aristotelian virtue theory and experiential education, self-reporting through survey and interview are analyzed to understand how program alumni perceive the experience as catalyzing or accelerating personal growth (including self-determination, responsibility, attentional flexibility, discipline, courage, moderate self-awareness, perspective, and realistic optimism) and social growth (including friendship, care for the other, empathy, humility, and loyalty) in a deeper attempt to assess perceived growth in practical wisdom, or phronesis, the practice of which mediates over and is constituted by these personal and social virtues. Program alumni are drawn from a large chronological range of cohorts (1985-2012) to best appreciate Aristotle’s notion that a flourishing life (one with developed and active practical wisdom) must be measured across a full life. In the end, the data suggests participation was significant in paradigmatic ways, leading to personal and social growth which extends far beyond the experience itself, impacting participant value commitments, personal identity, and ability to make practical wise decisions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:49:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAMILA ALVES MARTINS.pdf: 834302 bytes, checksum: 35370a532ae830dce2772d41bbd2759f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-15 / The images of the sacred feminine are erased in face of male power. The search for an integrative space between the feminine and the masculine principles becomes necessary because of the manifestation of the sacred that inhabits each one. This is a theoretical and qualitative work that considers three aspects of an analogy between the archetype of the Wild Woman , the mythical figure of Lilith and the biblical character of Maria Magdalena. In the historical aspect of the mythical reports we notice a demonized image of these women and a diminishment of their shine as sacred manifestations, due to the annulment of the integrating space of each one. The Wild Woman IS WHAT SHE IS, and belongs to herself. The danger of the wild lies in the negation of her feminine power. The symbolic movement occurs when the woman touches her corporality, and her feminine power to generate and nurture encompasses the experience of becoming one-in-herself. These experiences mould her vase-body and recreate new forms of integration. Lilith and Maria Magdalena find divine wisdom in the wild and in nature, and teach us to come into contact with our lunar aspects. In the androgyny, through the encounter between the feminine and masculine poles, re-creation/resurrection blows life into the aspects that need restoration, composing the truth and wisdom of its sacred space. Meeting the wolf gives light to obscure aspects and brings consciousness to the path of knowledge of the soul. This is the point where the female divinities were demonized, renounced and confined to the obscure side of their dark moons. / As imagens do feminino sagrado encontram-se apagadas diante da formação do poderio masculino, por isso, a busca de um espaço de integração entre o princípio feminino e o masculino se faz necessária. O trabalho é uma pesquisa teórica e qualitativa dividida em três capítulos que retrata uma analogia entre o arquétipo da Mulher Selvagem , a figura mítica de Lilith, e a personagem bíblica de Maria Madalena. Na historicidade dos relatos míticos percebemos uma imagem demonizada das mulheres e um apaguizamento do seu brilho devido ao anulamento do espaço integrador de cada uma. A Mulher Selvagem é O QUE É e pertence a si própria. O perigo do selvagem encontra-se na negação de seu poder. O movimento simbólico ocorre quando a mulher toca sua corporalidade, e quando seu poder feminino de gerar e nutrir abrange as experiências de tornar-se uma-em-si-mesma. Estas experiências moldam o seu Vaso-corpo e recriam novas formas de integração. Lilith e Maria Madalena encontram no selvagem e na sua essência, a sabedoria divina, e nos ensinam a entrar em contato com nossos aspectos lunares. Na androginia, a recriação/ ressurreição sopra vida nos aspectos que necessitam de restauração, compondo a verdade e a sabedoria de seu espaço sagrado através da integração das polaridades femininas e masculinas. O encontro da Mulher Selvagem traz luz aos aspectos obscuros, clarificando a consciência no caminho do conhecimento da alma. Neste ponto é que as divindades femininas foram demonizadas, negadas e confinadas ao lado obscuro de suas luas negras.

A presente pesquisa aproxima a personagem Ciacco, glutão punido na terceira vala do Inferno da Comédia, como a figura da personagem Ulisses, herói grego que atravessou a literatura ocidental antiga até chegar à Idade Média e ser condenado, também no Inferno, pelos seus crimes de fraude. Essa aproximação se realiza pela análise da transgressão de incontinência alimentar, descrita pelo filósofo grego Aristóteles na Ética a Nicômaco, pelo fato dessa transgressão manter uma explícita relação com o pecado do guloso Ciacco, além de ser aplicável à sede de conhecimento que a personagem Ulisses reflete no relato da sua última viagem. Mediante o estudo de obras de Dante Alighieri, como o Convivio e a Comédia, procura-se estabelecer uma conexão entre o desenfreado ato de se nutrir e a falta de moderação na busca pelo conhecimento, sendo essa última aquela que gera a eterna oposição entre ciência e fé, tão importante no contexto religioso no qual a Comédia foi escrita. / This research compares Ciacco, the glutton character punished in the third ditch in Inferno in Dantes Comedy, with Ulysses, the Greek hero who was brought from Ancient Western Literature to the Middle Ages and condemned also in Inferno for his fraud crimes. This comparison is drawn through the analysis of the eating intemperance transgression, described by the Greek philosopher Aristotle in Nicomachean Ethics, since this transgression maintains an explicit relation with Ciaccos greediness and is also applicable to the greed for knowledge which Ulysses reflects in the account of his last trip. Through the study of Dantes works, such as the Convivio and the Comedy, an attempt is made to establish a connection between the unstoppable act of eating and the lack of moderation in the search for knowledge; the latter being what causes the eternal opposition between science and faith, so important in the religious context in which the Comedy was written.

This thesis explores the question of how the figure of Solomon is characterized in the Hebrew Bible. This question arises from the observation of divergent depictions of Solomon in the different books. In 1 Kings 1–11, Solomon is depicted in an ambivalent manner where his wisdom can be used positively for the benefit of all Israel and negatively through focusing on the royal court to the neglect of Israel at large. In contrast, Solomon is presented as a model king of cultic fidelity in 2 Chronicles 1–9 in spite of his failures in 1 Kings 1–11. In Proverbs, Solomon is remembered as the paragon of wisdom in Israel but is also presented in Ecclesiastes as a pessimistic king describing the limitations of his wisdom. Furthermore, Solomon is used as the picture of an ideal lover in the Song of Songs, but it is his romantic exploits that lead to him becoming an idolater turning away from YHWH. In light of these observations, the purpose of this thesis is to examine the characterization of Solomon in 1 Kings 1–11, 2 Chronicles 1–9, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs. In order to examine this, a communicative theory of interpretation that benefits from a theory of characterization from narrative-criticism will be utilized. This hermeneutical tool will help establish the integrity of individual books as acts of communication and demonstrate how characterization is a literary technique utilized by authors to depict a character to be imagined by readers. The finding of this thesis is that Solomon’s characterization is well beyond a single attribute as a wise king or even a two-fold attribute as wise king and temple builder. Instead, he is a paradoxical and ambiguous figure that integrates positive and negative features emerging both from the individual accounts and from the relation of these accounts to one another. The accounts associated with describing Solomon’s reign or those books that have a poetic association share significant themes, but these themes are reframed and re-interpreted as a part of an enduring legacy. By re-evaluating the depiction of Solomon in individual parts or wholes of books, as well as considering the unique contributions of the individual accounts in relation to one another, this thesis demonstrates that the figure of Solomon generates ever fresh elaborations.

Le texte Si 10,19-11,6 a été peu étudié pour lui-même. La critique textuelle préconisant actuellement l’étude de chaque version pour elle-même plutôt que la reconstruction, ce texte a été étudié dans quatre versions (H, G, Syr, La), en essayant de dégager leurs différences majeures et leurs orientations de fond. À partir de cette péricope, trois thèmes importants dans le Siracide ont été retenus : la crainte de Dieu, la sagesse et la Loi. Partant de la notion de « crainte de Dieu » dans le Deutéronome, dans les Psaumes et dans les livres des Proverbes, de Job et du Qohélet, puis dans le Siracide, les liens avec "la sagesse" et avec "la Loi" sont considérés chez Ben Sira. Si 1 et Si 24 sont deux textes incontournables permettant d’approfondir la relation de « la crainte de Dieu » avec « la sagesse » et avec « la Loi ». La relation étroite entre ces notions conduit à se demander si elles ne représentent pas finalement trois aspects d’une même réalité. / Few specific studies have been devoted to Ben Sira 10:9-11:6. Since textual criticism favors the study of each version separately rather than the reconstruction of an « original » text, the present thesis examines the four versions (H, G, Syr, La) and attempts to identify their major differences and their respective fundamental orientations. On the basis of this pericope, three important themes in Ben Sira have been identified: the fear of God, wisdom and the Law. Taking as a point of departure the notion of “the fear of God” in Deuteronomy, in the Psalms, and in the books of Proverbs, Job and Qoheleth and then in Ben Sira, the study examines the relationships of this theme with “wisdom” and “the Law”. Si 1 and Si 24 are two indispensable passages that allow an in depth understanding of the relationship between “the fear of God”, “wisdom” and “the Law”. The intimate relation between these notions leads us to ask ourselves if they do not represent three aspects of the same reality.

This research grows out of an interest in what scholars commonly call the wisdom tradition of the ancient near east. This tradition or movement involved groups of thinkers and writers, known collectively as scribes, who were concerned in a philosophical way with the problems of living, and with principles of living well. Such communities are known to have flourished in Egypt, the various kingdoms of Mesopotamia, and western Asia, from at least the middle of the third millennium B.C. These scribal communities are also known to have sponsored schools, intended primarily for training in statecraft and the professions, but also for training in the scribal profession per se. The documentary and historical record indicates that such schools provided education from the most rudimentary level of literacy and writing to the most advanced levels of scribal scholarship. These advanced levels of training were functionally equivalent to what is nowadays known as higher education; and the ideals, the philosophy, which guided this enterprise found expression in a corpus of literature bearing the name "wisdom." The problem for this dissertation is whether or not there was in ancient Israel, specifically in the Solomonic era (10th century, B.C.), such an advanced scribal school associated with a Hebrew wisdom tradition. This is a research problem precisely because the evidence for such a school in Israel is both less abundant and less accessible than for the rest of the ancient near east.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-07T16:26:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivan Correa.pdf: 2490866 bytes, checksum: dea60c11bc4095d5a1af775a6659b8d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-07T16:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivan Correa.pdf: 2490866 bytes, checksum: dea60c11bc4095d5a1af775a6659b8d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo / This dissertation takes the objective of presenting a critical systematization of symbolic amplifications made by C. G. Jung regarding archetypal images of the Judeo-Christian mythic field related to the Ageless Wisdom. Thus, it seeks to establish possible linkages of meaning among scattered remarks made by Jung concerning the images of the Jewish Sapientia Dei, the Christian Sanctus Spiritus and the Gnostic Sophia Achamoth. From different writings of Jung, it highlights and systematizes the moments in which the author alluded the images of the Eternal Wisdom while symbolically reflected about themselves or different themes and mythological sections, in order to foment clarification about the modes of action of each of the listed archetypal images / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo a apresentação de uma sistematização crítica das amplificações simbólicas feitas por C. G. Jung acerca de imagens arquetípicas do campo mítico judaico-cristão relacionadas à Eterna Sabedoria. Dessa maneira, procura estabelecer possíveis nexos de sentidos nas considerações dispersas feitas por Jung a respeito das imagens da judaica Sapientia Dei, do cristão Sanctus Spiritus e da gnóstica Sophia Achamoth. A partir dos diferentes escritos de Jung, evidencia-se e sistematiza-se os momentos nos quais o autor fez alusão às imagens da Eterna Sabedoria enquanto refletia simbolicamente a respeito delas mesmas ou de diferentes temas e recortes mitológicos, de modo a fomentar esclarecimento acerca do modo de atuação de cada uma das imagens arquetípicas elencadas

Several studies have reported various challenges ballet dancers experience in their performance careers. However, to date, very little research has been done to understand how professional ballet dancers persevere in their performance careers in the face of the demanding nature and various challenges associated with their career. The purpose of this study was to explore perseverance of professional ballet dancers in their performance career from the perspectives of retired professional ballet dancers. Using a social constructivist lens, the research question addressed in this study was: How can professional ballet dancers persevere in a performance career? Narrative interviews were conducted with participants (N = 9) who had danced at one or more professional ballet companies for at least one year and had been involved in the ballet world since their retirement from their performance careers. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data and 4 themes were identified about persevering as a professional ballet dancer in a performance career: (a) Building and Looking After Your Healthy Sense of Self and Mental Attitude; (b) Navigating Your Career Journey With Intelligence and Courage Within and Beyond One Ballet Company; (c) Growing as an Artist to Have More Than Technique and Raw Physicality to Capture an Audience; and (d) Balancing Your Performance Career by Having a Life Outside the Dance World. Implications of the findings for research, practice, and counselling are discussed. / Graduate / 2020-04-26