Seit dem Bekanntwerden des Falles Karl Theodor zu Guttenberg im Jahre 2011 wurden weitere Fälle aufgedeckt, insbesondere in den Dissertationen mehrerer Politiker. Dabei ist das Abschreiben oder Umschreiben von Texten ohne ausreichende Zitierung eine verbreitete Übung, die von Kleinigkeiten, Zufällen und Nachlässigkeiten, und damit von der Bedeutungslosigkeit, bis hin zu schweren Fällen und vorsätzlichen Betrug reichen kann. Im folgenden geht es aber nicht nur und weniger um offenkundiges Abschreiben, sondern um den Klau von wesentlichen Teilen der Gedankenführung eines Zeitschriftenartikels oder eines ganzen Buches, ohne eine einzige Zitierung der Quelle oder ohne ausreichenden Bezug auf das geistige Vorbild. Das ist eigentlich viel schwerwiegender als der Guttenberg-Fall! Aber das Struktur- und Ideenplagiat ist schwerer zu belegen, leichter abzustreiten und somit in der Regel bisher der juristischen Verfolgung entzogen. In der Vergangenheit gab es für den betroffenen Einzelwissenschaftler kaum Möglichkeiten, sich wirksam gegen geistigen Diebstahl dieser Art zu wehren. Jedoch bieten inzwischen die elektronischen Medien, das Internet und der Zugang zu Selbstpublikationen die Möglichkeit, die Fälle anzuprangern. Eigene Erfahrungen sollen dabei herangezogen und verallgemeinert werden.

This article describes ‘Kidumatica’ – a highly successful project for the promotion of talented students from underprivileged backgrounds. In its 11 year run, Kidumatica has evolved into a way of life for its many students, allowing them opportunities to realize their potential, enter advanced academic studies, and successfully enter a society rich in knowledge and achievement. Kidumatica is based on academic research in the fields of excellence, cognition and mathematics education, and on the social principle of equal opportunity for all and one’s right to self-realization and aspiration, regardless of ethnic background and socio-economic status. Beyond these social/educational purposes, Kidumatica is also a research model and laboratory for testing new programs and teaching methods for gifted students. The following are the basic premises of the Kidumatica model, its goals and how they are achieved, including the recruitment of club members and the mathematical content.

Der Verlag gibt vor, dass „The Crisis of Neoliberalism“ is a useful new guide to understanding the world around us – mich würde interessieren, ob dem wirklich so ist. Mit dieser erfrischenden Begründung beauftragte eine Nutzerin die Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, jene genannte Monographie zu erwerben. Seit Juni dieses Jahres bietet die Universitätsbibliothek ihren Nutzerinnen und Nutzern die Möglichkeit, direkt bei der Recherche im Katalog auf Titel zu stoßen, die die Bibliothek noch nicht in ihrem Bestand hat, und für die sie direkt einen Auftrag zur Beschaffung geben können. Die Universitätsbibliothek versteht dieses Angebot einmal als einen Service, den Nutzern die individuell benötigte Literatur schnell und unkompliziert zur Verfügung zu stellen; zum anderen aber geht es ihr auch darum, die Nutzer mit ihren Erfahrungen und Fachwissen ernst zu nehmen und stärker in die Bestandsentwicklung einzubinden.

Entwickelt 1999 von der Bertelsmann Stiftung und dem Deutschen Bibliotheksverband ist der Bibliotheksindex BIX eines der ältesten Leistungsmessungsinstrumente in der bibliothekarischen Welt. Jedes Jahr beteiligen sich rund 250 Bibliotheken am BIX. Sie nutzen die Ergebnisse, um ihre Dienstleistungen zu vergleichen und sich der Öffentlichkeit zu präsentieren. Der BIX ist ein Steuerungsinstrument und dient als Grundlage für Managemententscheidungen und trägt so zur Leistungssteigerung bei, die wiederum allen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern zugutekommt.

This paper investigates whether free access to scientific literature increases the participation of under-represented groups in scientific discourse. To this end, we aggregate and match data tracing access to Sci-Hub, a widely used black open access (OA) repository or shadow library, and publication data from the Web of Science (WoS). We treat the emergence of Sci-Hub as an exogenous event granting relatively unrestricted access to publications, which are otherwise hidden behind a paywall. We analyze changes in the publication count of researchers from developing countries in a given journal as a proxy for general participation in scientific discourse. Our results indicate that in the exemplary field of mathematics, free access to academic knowledge is likely to improve the representation of authors from developing countries in international journals. Assuming the desirability of greater international diversity in science (e.g., to generate more original work, reproduce empirical findings in different settings, or shift the research focus toward topics that are overlooked by researchers from more developed countries), our findings lend evidence to the claim of the OA movement that scientific knowledge should be free and widely distributed.

This research focuses on clarifying the local and scientific knowledge about flooding adaptations, the interaction between local knowledge and scientific information in the low-lying area of Central Vietnam is analyzed. Data was obtained using three techniques including: semi-structured interviews, direct observation and household surveys. Responses indicate that the villagers have accumulated and inherited this type of knowledge in their society for a long time. The level of local knowledge is affected by gender, occupation and house location. This implies that the villagers’ social roles and their everyday interactions with the natural environment have nurtured an accumulated local knowledge. Scientific information is provided by the National Committee for Flood and Storm Control and National Center for Hydrometeorology Prediction. It contains information regarding disaster type, intensity, risk level and directions. The information is transferred to local people through mass media, social networks and official documents. However, local people are credulous toward scientific information given by the state. It was found that many villagers are not likely to follow the official guideline, especially the villagers with a high level of local knowledge. / Nghiên cứu tập trung làm rõ kiến thức bản địa và khoa học về thích ứng lũ lụt cũng như mối tương tác của chúng ở vùng trũng thấp miền Trung Việt Nam. Dữ liệu được thu thập bằng cách sử dụng kết hợp ba phương pháp bao gồm phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc, quan sát trực tiếp và khảo sát hộ gia đình. Các kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng người dân đã tích lũy và kế thừa kiến thức bản địa từ xã hội của họ trong một thời gian dài. Mức độ kiến thức bản địa bị ảnh hưởng bởi giới tính, nghề nghiệp và vị trí nhà ở. Vai trò xã hội và những tương tác hàng ngày của người dân với môi trường tự nhiên đã nuôi dưỡng và tích lũy kiến thức bản địa. Thông tin khoa học được cung cấp bởi Ủy ban Phòng chống lụt bão Quốc gia và Trung tâm Dự báo Khí tượng Thủy văn Quốc gia. Các thông tin về loại thiên tai, cường độ, mức độ rủi ro và hướng chỉ dẫn được thông báo. Thông tin này được chuyển đến người dân thông qua các phương tiện thông tin đại chúng, mạng xã hội và các văn bản chính thức. Tuy nhiên, người dân địa phương chủ quan trước những thông tin khoa học do cơ quan nhà nước đưa ra. Nhiều người dân không tuân theo các hướng dẫn chính thức của chính quyền địa phương, đặc biệt là những người có mức độ kiến thức bản địa được đánh giá cao.

Hexokinase 2 (Hxk2) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a dual function hexokinase, acting as a glycolytic enzyme and being involved in the transcriptional regulation of glucose-repressible genes. Relief from glucose repression is accompanied by phosphorylation of Hxk2 at serine 15, which has been attributed to the protein kinase Tda1. To explore the role of Tda1 beyond Hxk2 phosphorylation, the proteomic consequences of TDA1 deficiency were investigated by difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) comparing a wild type and a Δtda1 deletion mutant. To additionally address possible consequences of glucose repression/derepression, both were grown at 2% and 0.1% (w/v) glucose. A total of eight protein spots exhibiting a minimum twofold enhanced or reduced fluorescence upon TDA1 deficiency was detected and identified by mass spectrometry. Among the spot identities are—besides the expected Hxk2—two proteoforms of hexokinase 1 (Hxk1). Targeted proteomics analyses in conjunction with 2D-DIGE demonstrated that TDA1 is indispensable for Hxk2 and Hxk1 phosphorylation at serine 15. Thirty-six glucose-concentration-dependent protein spots were identified. A simple method to improve spot quantification, approximating spots as rotationally symmetric solids, is presented along with new data on the quantities of Hxk1 and Hxk2 and their serine 15 phosphorylated forms at high and low glucose growth conditions. The Δtda1 deletion mutant exhibited no altered growth under high or low glucose conditions or on alternative carbon sources. Also, invertase activity, serving as a reporter for glucose derepression, was not significantly altered. Instead, an involvement of Tda1 in oxidative stress response is suggested.

Three-dimensional volume data is routinely produced, at increasingly high spatial resolution, in computer simulations and image acquisition tasks. In-situ visualization, the visualization of an experiment or simulation while it is running, enables new modes of interaction, including simulation steering and experiment control. These can provide the scientist a deeper understanding of the underlying phenomena, but require interactive visualization with smooth viewpoint changes and zooming to convey depth perception and spatial understanding. As the size of the volume data increases, however, it is increasingly challenging to achieve interactive visualization with smooth viewpoint changes. This thesis presents an end-to-end solution for interactive in-situ visualization based on novel extensions proposed to the Volumetric Depth Image (VDI) representation. VDIs are view-dependent, compact representations of volume data than can be rendered faster than the original data. Novel methods are proposed in this thesis for generating VDIs on large data and for rendering them faster. Together, they enable interactive in situ visualization with smooth viewpoint changes and zooming for large volume data. The generation of VDIs involves decomposing the volume rendering integral along rays into segments that store composited color and opacity, forming a representation much smaller than the volume data. This thesis introduces a technique to automatically determine the sensitivity parameter that governs the decomposition of rays, eliminating the need for manual parameter tuning in the generation of a VDI. Further, a method is proposed for sort-last parallel generation and compositing of VDIs on distributed computers, enabling their in situ generation with distributed numerical simulations. A low latency architecture is proposed for the sharing of data and hardware resources with a running simulation. The resulting VDI can be streamed for interactive visualization. A novel raycasting method is proposed for rendering VDIs. Properties of perspective projection are exploited to simplify the intersection of rays with the view-dependent segments contained within the VDI. Spatial smoothness in volume data is leveraged to minimize memory accesses. Benchmarks are performed showing that the method significantly outperforms existing methods for rendering the VDI, and achieves responsive frame rates for High Definition (HD) display resolutions near the viewpoint of generation. Further, a method is proposed to subsample the VDI for preview rendering, maintaining high frame rates even for large viewpoint deviations. The quality and performance of the approach are analyzed on multiple datasets, and the contributions are provided as extensions of established open-source tools. The thesis concludes with a discussion on the strengths, limitations, and future directions for the proposed approach.

Scientific computations and analytical business applications are often based on linear algebra operations on large, sparse matrices. With the hardware shift of the primary storage from disc into memory it is now feasible to execute linear algebra queries directly in the database engine. This paper presents and compares different approaches of storing sparse matrices in an in-memory column-oriented database system. We show that a system layout derived from the compressed sparse row representation integrates well with a columnar database design and that the resulting architecture is moreover amenable to a wide range of non-numerical use cases when dictionary encoding is used. Dynamic matrix manipulation operations, like online insertion or deletion of elements, are not covered by most linear algebra frameworks. Therefore, we present a hybrid architecture that consists of a read-optimized main and a write-optimized delta structure and evaluate the performance for dynamic sparse matrix workloads by applying workflows of nuclear science and network graphs.

Die vorliegende Publikation stellt die Ergebnisse der Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeit des Hochschulentwicklungsprojekts PRAWIMA (2014-2020) dar. In der sechsjährigen Projektlaufzeit wurden anknüpfend an eine lange Tradition berufsbegleitenden Studierens an der Evangelischen Hochschule Dresden (ehs) die bereits bestehenden Strukturen zu einer „offenen Hochschule“ weiterentwickelt. Im Zentrum standen die Professionalisierungsanliegen sowie die Studiensituation von Berufspraktiker:innen im Bereich der Kindheitspädagogik und Pflege. Ein Gesamtkonzept berufsbegleitenden Studierens sieht nun berufsbegleitende Studienprogramme bis zum Masterabschluss, systematische Praxisintegration mit dem Konzept der Lernortverknüpfung, flexible Studienorganisationsstrukturen, Anrechnungsformate für beruflich erworbene Kompetenzen sowie passgenaue Beratungs- und Unterstützungsformate vor. Die Elemente erhöhen auf organisatorischer und didaktischer Ebene die Durchlässigkeit zwischen beruflicher und hochschulischer Bildung. Die Publikation stellt eine Momentaufnahme berufsbegleitenden Studierens an der ehs Dresden sowie eine Einordnung der Entwicklungslinien und konzeptionellen Ergebnisse des Projektes aus vier Perspektiven dar – aus der Tradition der ehs, unter dem Gesichtspunkt einer bildungspolitischen Leitidee, aus Sicht der Adressat:innen bzw. Zielgruppen lebenslangen Lernens und der Bedeutung für die Akademisierung der Berufsfelder Kindheitspädagogik und Pflege. Dazu wird zunächst die Tradition des berufsbegleitenden Studierens an der ehs nachgezeichnet. Zur Kontextualisierung des Projektvorhabens werden aus bildungs- und hochschulpolitischer Sicht die Leitideen der „Offenen Hochschule“ in ihrer geschichtlichen Prägung und ihren Instrumentarien erörtert. Die Analyse der Perspektive der nicht-traditionell Studierenden ermöglicht einen Einblick in Bildungsentscheidungen von Individuen, für die die Idee von „Lebenslangem Lernen“ eine bildungsbiografische Zuwendung zur (Weiter-)Qualifikation bedeutet, und die in die Akademisierung der Felder der Kindheitspädagogik und Pflege je spezifische Orientierungen einbringen. Schließlich wird ein Licht auf die Professionen selbst geworfen und der Stand der Akademisierung umfassend analysiert, um die Positionierung von berufsbegleitenden Masterstudiengängen in diesen Feldern zu begründen. Insgesamt zeichnet der Band ein Bild davon, wie sich eine anerkannte, sehr kleine Hochschule als Ort der Wissenschaft und des Lebenslangen Lernens weiterentwickelt.