<p>The productiontime in the construction industry contains of many different participants which will take part in different events. When there is so many people working with the same project it is easy tosee one self just as a part of the game. The consequence of this is that they don’t see themselves as important participants whos knowledge, opinions and experience can be useful in the whole production process. This might lead to that they feel neglected and the consequence of that will be lackof motivation. The objective of this report was on a commission of a construction company to design an administrative aid which purpose is to get the employees construction workers more motivated to their work with increased participation and cooperation in the whole production process. It will be possible to use in every new project. The basis of the administrative aid came from interviews I didwith 8 persons of the employees. The questions in the interviews was formed as an aid to start a dialogewhere as much opinions and ideas regarding increasing the motivation, efficiency and productivity as possible would be kept in mind among the employees at the company. Afterwards a compilation and an evaluation was made. It was revealed that the employees agreed in mostly everything. The premier aspect was that they didn’t got the information as they wished they would have to do a good work, for example they wasn’t sure about the roles and responsibilities of themselves and the other participants.The informations on the weekly meetings never reached them so they wanted better routines to make that work. They also wanted general information which is good to know when you are newly employeed on the construction site. My task was thereafter to form an information booklet about the company with it’s routines according work and information transference, the responsibilities and roles for the different participants and other important information to know.</p>

The productiontime in the construction industry contains of many different participants which will take part in different events. When there is so many people working with the same project it is easy tosee one self just as a part of the game. The consequence of this is that they don’t see themselves as important participants whos knowledge, opinions and experience can be useful in the whole production process. This might lead to that they feel neglected and the consequence of that will be lackof motivation. The objective of this report was on a commission of a construction company to design an administrative aid which purpose is to get the employees construction workers more motivated to their work with increased participation and cooperation in the whole production process. It will be possible to use in every new project. The basis of the administrative aid came from interviews I didwith 8 persons of the employees. The questions in the interviews was formed as an aid to start a dialogewhere as much opinions and ideas regarding increasing the motivation, efficiency and productivity as possible would be kept in mind among the employees at the company. Afterwards a compilation and an evaluation was made. It was revealed that the employees agreed in mostly everything. The premier aspect was that they didn’t got the information as they wished they would have to do a good work, for example they wasn’t sure about the roles and responsibilities of themselves and the other participants.The informations on the weekly meetings never reached them so they wanted better routines to make that work. They also wanted general information which is good to know when you are newly employeed on the construction site. My task was thereafter to form an information booklet about the company with it’s routines according work and information transference, the responsibilities and roles for the different participants and other important information to know.

This problem was designed to evaluate the work performance change effected by each of three training programs; stepping, running, and bicycle ergometer riding. The study determined the specific work improvement of each training program by using a stress test designed from each of the training modes. Two of the purposes of the study were to determine the work performance effects and the specificity of training effect of each of the training procedures. The effect of body weight and leg strength were also measured in relation to performance, and the relative value of each of the three training procedures was evaluated. An analysis of the data showed that no training method was statistically superior to the others, but in order of improvement they ranked (1) bicycle ergometer riding, (2) stepping, and (3) running. Training by each method did appear to be specific to the type of work involved. In each method of training, the most significant improvement was in the work performance test related to that particular training procedure.

The purpose of the thesis project has been to improve the use of personnel and administrative system at the Center of Languages and Literature (SOL) at Lund University. By using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, data has been identified and divided into the first three steps of the DMAIC methodology. Define phase highlights the requirements needed for work with the system. Measure phase and the used of process-based system model (PBSM) identified problem processes or resources for work improvement. The analysis phase highlighted the need for a process owner who can drive improvement work from within the organization with support from the management. Process owner as improvement proposals means a systematic and strategic work at a higher organizational level that can support Center of Languages and Literature and other stakeholders. The process owner's role responds to the thesis project's goal which was to structure and simplify Primula's work; clarify roles and tasks and increase transparency in the system. / Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att förbättra möjligheterna för de anställda att användadet personal- och administrativa systemet på SOL-centrum vid Lunds Universitet. Genom enkombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder har data identifierats och indelats enligtde tre första stegen inom DMAIC-metoden; Define-fasen synliggör de krav som finns för attjobba med systemet. Measure-fasen och tillämpningen av den processbaseradesystemmodellen identifierade problemprocesserna och resurser till förbättringsarbete. Analysfasenlyfte behovet av en processägare som kan driva förbättringsarbete inifrån organisationenmed stöd från ledningen. Processägare som förbättringsförslag innebär ett systematisk och strategiskt arbete på enhögre organisatorisk nivå som kan stödja SOL-centrum och andra intressenter.Processägarens roll svarar på examensarbetets mål, som var att strukturera och förenkla arbetei Primula, tydliggöra roller och arbetsuppgifter samt öka transparensen i systemet.

Bakgrund . Miljö- och klimatförändringar till följd av skadliga utsläpp är ett allvarligt hot mot den globala hälsan. Hälso- och sjukvårdens främsta uppgift är att främja hälsa men verksamheten själv orsakar skadliga utsläpp. Omvårdnad står i direkt samband med utsläppsrelaterade områden i arbetets brukande av material och energi. Sjuksköterskor utgör Hälso- och sjukvårdens största yrkesgrupp och professionen innefattar främjandet av hälsa samt kunskapen om förbättringsarbete. Därför spelar sjuksköterskor en nyckelroll i att mildra de skadliga utsläppen orsakade av hälso- och sjukvården. Syfte . Att sammanställa kunskap om områden och arbetssätt för sjuksköterskor att bedriva miljö- och klimatmässigt hållbar omvårdnad i det dagliga kliniska arbetet. Metod . Litteraturöversikt i form av en metasyntes. Resultat . Sexton studier var inkluderade som visar tre huvudområden där omvårdnad kan bedrivas mer klimatmässigt hållbart, vilka är: (1) mathantering; (2) avfallshantering och (3) nyttjandet av resurser. Utbildning och behovet av fortbildning av personal genomsyrade studierna. Minskade mängder växthusgasutsläpp, ekonomiska besparingar samt en mer personcentrerad vård sågs vara följder av att klimatmässigt förbättra omvårdnaden. Slutsats . Omvårdnad kan bedrivas mer miljö- och klimatmässigt hållbart utan att inskränka vårdkvalitén för patienten. Genom att kommunicera och samarbeta med patienter och kollegor, samla in data, reducera användandet av el och vatten samt bidra till klimatmässiga förbättringar av verksamheten kan sjuksköterskor minska matsvinn, avfallshantera korrekt och använda resurser effektivt. Detta leder till en mer miljö- och klimatmässigt hållbar omvårdnad. / Background . Environmental and climate changes caused by harmful emissions seriously threaten global health. Health care’s main function is to promote health but it contributes to harmful emissions itself. Nursing is directly connected to areas that causes emissions - the usage of materials and energy. Nurses are the largest group of healthcare staff and the profession includes promoting health and work towards improvement of health care. Therefore nurses play key roles in mitigating health care’s harmful emissions. Aim . To compile knowledge of areas and working methods for nurses to conduct environmental and climate sustainable nursing care in their daily clinical work. Method . A literature review in the form metasynthesis. Results . Sixteen studies were included which shows the areas where nursing can be performed in a more climate sustainable way. These are (1) food handling; (2) waste management and (3) the usage of resources. Education and further practical training is prerequisite improvements in order to achieve climate sustainable nursing. The outcomes are decreased greenhouse emissions and a more cost-effective and patientcentered healthcare. Conclusion . The nursing practice can become more environmental and climate sustainable without affecting the quality of patient care. By communicating and cooperating with patients and colleagues as well as collecting data, reducing the usage of energy and water, contributing to workplace improvements and advocating for environmental and climate sustainable nursing; improvements such as decreased food waste, correct waste handling and a more effective usage of resources can be achieved.

This thesis is focused on increasing productive actions in construction by a procedure known as Activity Analysis. Activity Analysis is a continuous productivity improvement tool for identifying barriers to site productivity with the goal of decreasing them and thereby increasing the direct work rate. A preceding study validated this approach, however it had two limitations. No reevaluation was conducted on projects in Canada by the authors, and not enough resources or data were available to understand behaviour of the activity rates in absolute value terms across many projects. Based on three case studies and data collected over 17 days by the author and a colleague, Activity Analysis was validated as being applicable in Canadian conditions. A desired value, known as a target rate, was then studied in order to be able to set expectations with respect to the productivity to be achieved in each cycle. The premise behind setting a “target rate” is that 100% direct work is neither possible nor desirable, since some time must always be spent on communications and planning. However, a higher direct work rate is generally better than a lower rate. Thus, a target rate is needed. A mathematical model called ANFIS was developed as a means of setting the desired level of activities. Through consideration of a variety of factors that affect labour productivity, the developed model was trained based on 65 data points. The model was found to be easy to use and flexible enough to be appropriate for all of the factors considered. Based on the data points available from 5 different past projects and 3 recent projects and the experience associated with these projects, three additional methods of defining the target rate were developed. The impact of these results is that companies now have appropriate methods and an initial data set for industrial construction in order to establish target rates for direct work and supporting activities. This should help reduce project costs and improve productivity.

This thesis is focused on increasing productive actions in construction by a procedure known as Activity Analysis. Activity Analysis is a continuous productivity improvement tool for identifying barriers to site productivity with the goal of decreasing them and thereby increasing the direct work rate. A preceding study validated this approach, however it had two limitations. No reevaluation was conducted on projects in Canada by the authors, and not enough resources or data were available to understand behaviour of the activity rates in absolute value terms across many projects. Based on three case studies and data collected over 17 days by the author and a colleague, Activity Analysis was validated as being applicable in Canadian conditions. A desired value, known as a target rate, was then studied in order to be able to set expectations with respect to the productivity to be achieved in each cycle. The premise behind setting a “target rate” is that 100% direct work is neither possible nor desirable, since some time must always be spent on communications and planning. However, a higher direct work rate is generally better than a lower rate. Thus, a target rate is needed. A mathematical model called ANFIS was developed as a means of setting the desired level of activities. Through consideration of a variety of factors that affect labour productivity, the developed model was trained based on 65 data points. The model was found to be easy to use and flexible enough to be appropriate for all of the factors considered. Based on the data points available from 5 different past projects and 3 recent projects and the experience associated with these projects, three additional methods of defining the target rate were developed. The impact of these results is that companies now have appropriate methods and an initial data set for industrial construction in order to establish target rates for direct work and supporting activities. This should help reduce project costs and improve productivity.