Tremendous pressure is placed on organisations to improve their performance and to become increasingly competitive. In order to survive in a highly competitive economy, organisations are undergoing major restructuring and can no longer guarantee employees with life time employment, leading to job insecurity. The primary objectives of this research were to investigate the relationship between job insecurity and job satisfaction of employees (N = 298) in a government organisation, as well as to determine whether work locus of control mediates the relationship between job insecurity and job satisfaction. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Constructs were measured by means of the Job Insecurity Survey (JIS), the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), the Work Locus of Control Scale (WLCS) and a biographical questionnaire. Results indicated that a practically significant relationship exists between job insecurity and job satisfaction. It was further found that external locus of control is associated with high levels of job insecurity and lower levels of job satisfaction. Regression analyses confirmed the partially mediating of work locus of control on the relationship between cognitive job insecurity and job satisfaction. Conclusions and recommendations were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.

The world that is becoming more advanced and complex, induces acute competitiveness and immense challenges for organisations and employees. This, along with the increased demands from current operating economic conditions around the globe oblige organizations to embark on adaptive strategies such as downsizing, restructuring and temporary employment as a mechanism to sustain their continued existence in a hastened transformation era. Although these impetuses affect the content and structure of work directly, they also have indirect inherent effects as they create pressures of uncertainty and feelings ofjob insecurity. It is apparent that job insecurity may negatively affect employees' job satisfaction and affective organisational commitment. It is deemed important to identify the negative impacts of these changes on individual employees and devise change management and coping interventions to empower employees in lowering the stress that they may experience due to transformations within their organisations. Thus, the objectives of this research was to investigate the relationship between job insecurity, job satisfaction, affective organisational commitment and work locus of control and how demographic groups might differ in their experience of job insecurity among employees (N = 286) in a co-operation industry. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The constructs were measured by means of the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQAffective- subscale), Work Locus of Control Scale (WLCS) and a demographic questionnaire. The research method consists of a brief literature review and an empirical study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity of the MSQ, OCQAffective, and WLCS. Alpha coefficients were also computed to assess the internal consistency of the scales. Descriptive statistics, Pearson-product moment correlation coefficients, MANOVA, and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. Multiple regression analyses were used to further examine the potential mediating effect of work locus of control in the job insecurity-outcomes relationships. Simple principal component analyses confirmed appropriate factor structures for the JIS. MSQ and OCQ. Although Spector proposed that the WLCS is a unidimensional scale, various previous studies have obtained evidence supporting a two-factor structure. In a similar vein, simple principle component analysis delivered a two-factor structure. All scales used demonstrated an adequate level of internal consistency. Job insecurity indicated a practically significant positive correlation with intrinsic job satisfaction, although the relationship between job insecurity and extrinsic job satisfaction was not statistically significant. A statically significant positive correlation was found between job insecurity and affective organisational commitment. Work locus of control demonstrated a practically significant correlation with job insecurity. Work locus of control demonstrated a practically significant positive correlation with affective organizational commitment, as well as both job satisfaction dimensions. Regression analyses indicated that work locus of control mediates the relationship between job insecurity and intrinsic job satisfaction. Work locus of control was also found to be a mediator of the relationship between job insecurity and affective organisational commitment. It was established that employees with tertiary qualifications such as degrees and postgraduate degrees experienced lower job insecurity as compared to employees with lower qualifications such as Grade 10 to Grade 12. No further significant differences were established in terms of gender, culture, age and tenure in the experience of job insecurity. Conclusions are made, limitations of the current research are discussed and recommendations for the organisation and future research are outlined. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.

Due to constant changes and demands from external forces markets, today's employees are subjected to continuous change in the workplace in order for organisations to stay competitive. Changes include restructuring, downsizing, technological changes and so forth, which result in employees feeling less secure in their jobs compared to employees a few decades ago. This insecurity is a reality in the lives of employees and leads to a whole range of emotions and reactions toward these changes. The primary objectives of this research is to determine the nature of the relationship between job insecurity and affective organisational commitment, and also the nature of the relationship between job insecurity and the general health of employees in a specific petro-chemical organisation (N = 229). The final objective is to determine if work locus of control plays a mediating role in the above mentioned relationships. A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Constructs were measured using the following: the Job Insecurity Questionnaire (JIQ), the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) [where only the affective subscale was interpreted], the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Work Locus of Control Scale (WLCS) as well as a biographical questionnaire. Results indicated that a practically significant relationship of medium effect exists between job insecurity (both dimensions) and work locus of control, and also a practically significant negative relationship between job insecurity (cognitive subscale) and affective organizational commitment and between affective organisational commitment with work locus of control. No other practically significant relationships were found, although the relationship between the variables did prove to be statistically significant. Regression analysis confirmed that work locus of control fully mediate the relationship between affective job insecurity and affective organisational commitment and also between affective job insecurity with general health, whilst partial mediation by work locus of control was found between cognitive job insecurity and affective organisational commitment and cognitive job insecurity and general health. Conclusions and recommendations were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.

No description available.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur födelseordning (syskonposition och kön) och ledarskap (ledare och icke-ledare) påverkar arbetsrelaterad upplevd kontroll (Work Locus of Control). Ett urval av 116 individer besvarade en enkät bestående av bakgrundsfrågor och mätskalan arbetsrelaterad upplevd kontroll, WLCS. Resultatet visade två signifikanta huvudeffekter av ledarskap respektive kön på arbetsrelaterad upplevd kontroll. Ledare och kvinnor hade en högre intern arbetsrelaterad upplevd kontroll än icke-ledare och män och bekräftar resultat från tidigare studier, men där resultatet skiljer sig för kvinnor. / The primary objective of this research was to investigate how birth order (sibling position and gender) and leadership (leader and non-leader) determine Work Locus of Control. The sample consisted of 116 individuals answered the survey, consisting of background questions and the Work Locus of Control scale, WLCS. The results showed two significant differences between leadership and gender, regarding Work Locus of Control. Leaders and women had a higher internal Work Locus of Control than non-leaders and men, which confirmed the results from previous studies, but whit different result for women.

The purpose of this study was to examine how work locus of control and self-esteem relate to job satisfaction. Quantitative data were collected through an online questionnaire. The study included 126 participants who filled out the Short Index of Job Satisfaction, Work Locus of Control Scale and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. It was hypothesized that work locus of control and self-esteem would be related to job satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis showed strong relations between the variables. Work locus of control and self-esteem explained 23 % of the variance in job satisfaction, which suggests that other variables also affect job satisfaction. The result from the study was consistent with previous research indicating that internal work locus of control and self-esteem predict job satisfaction. Future research is needed to investigate how individuals’ internal locus of control and self-esteem at the workplace could be increased. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur work locus of control och självkänsla relaterar till arbetstrivsel. Datainsamlingen utfördes kvantitativt genom användandet av ett självskattningsformulär. Studien omfattade totalt 126 deltagare som fyllde i Short Index of Job Satisfaction, Work Locus of Control Scale och Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Scale. Studiens hypoteser var att både work locus of control och självkänsla skulle relatera till arbetstrivsel. Resultatet från den multipla regressionsanalysen påvisade att arbetstrivsel har ett starkt samband med de undersökta variablerna. Work locus of control och självkänsla förklarade variationen i arbetstrivsel med ungefär 23 procent, vilket pekar på att även andra variabler kan påverka arbetstrivsel. Resultatet från denna studie var konsistent med tidigare forskning som indikerar att inre work locus of control och självkänsla predicerar arbetstrivsel. I framtida forskning hade det varit intressant att undersöka vad som ökar individers inre locus of control och självkänsla på arbetsplatsen.

Syftet med studien var att kvantitativt undersöka om det fanns skillnader på upplevd stress och coping mellan olika arbetsplatser och yrkesgrupper inom vård och omsorg. Genom självskattning har tre validerade enkäter som handlar om stress, coping och work locus of control (WLoC) sammanställts till en enkät som bland annat delats i sociala media. Enkäten besvarades i sin helhet av 113 personer. Genom att använda statistikprogrammet Jamovi har sju hypoteser prövats och resultaten har sammanställts. Resultatet påvisar att det inte finns skillnad i stressnivåer WLoC och copingstrategier mellan de olika studerade arbetsplatserna. Det har dock framkommit att det finns skillnader i stress, WLoC och copingstategier mellan de olika yrkesgrupperna som studerats. / The purpose of the study was to quantitatively investigate whether there were differences in perceived stress and coping between different workplaces and occupational groups in healthcare. Through self-assessment, three surveys dealing with stress, coping and work locus of control (WLoC) have been compiled into a survey that has been shared on social media, among other places. The survey was answered by 113 people. Using the statistics program Jamovi, seven hypotheses have been tested and the results have been compiled. The results have shown, among other things, that there are no differences between stress levels, WLoC and coping strategies between the different workplaces studied. However, it has emerged that there are differences in stress, WLoC and coping strategies between the different professional groups studied.

The new world of work has an enormous impact on the work-life of employees. Retrenchment, early retirement, unemployment and the demand for better performance are the result of massive restructurings, outsourcing, mergers and acquisitions. The old Psychological contract, as well as lifelong employment, is becoming obsolete in a changing world of work. This leads to increased job insecurity in the workplace. There is substantial evidence in the literature that job insecurity is damaging to psychological health. Job insecurity in not only damaging the individual but impacts negatively on the organisation. Job insecurity leads to mistrust, lack of commitment and general dissatisfaction. In the end it will have a definite impact on organisational performance. The empirical objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between job insecurity, psychological well-being and the relationship with future literacy. A cross-sectional design with an availability sample (n =. 459) was used. The sample was subjected to a specific programme of future literacy training (Map Your Life). Questionnaires were completed prior to the training programme. The reliability and construct validity of the measuring instruments acceptable. (Cronbach alpha coefficients adhere to the cut-off point of > 0,70) with the exception of the Dispositional Optimism Questionnaire (Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0,64). Future literacy is an unknown concept and it was necessary to conceptualise the concept. No instrument to measure future literacy existed and it was necessary to compile such an instrument. A questionnaire consisting of 18 items was compiled to measure future literacy. Factor analysis revealed two factors that measured future literacy. Factor One was named Positive Mindset Towards Future Possibilities and Factor Two, Anticipating, Planning and Preparing for Future Changes. The Cronbach alpha for Factor One was 0,76 and 0,8 1 for the second factor. Results indicated statistical signiticant correlations (of a medium effect) between job insecurity, self-efficacy, dispositional optimism and work locus of control. Self-efficacy and dispositional optimism correlated negatively with job insecurity, indicating that job insecurity decreases as self-efficacy and dispositional optimism increases. The results also indicated a significant negative correlation (medium effect) between job insecurity and future literacy. This implies that as job insecurity decreases future literacy increases. The negative correlation between future literacy and job insecurity indicates that candidates who are future literate experience less job insecurity. When candidates with high and low scores on future literacy were compared with one another, candidates who scored low on all the scales of future literacy experienced high levels job insecurity. Candidates who demonstrated high levels of future literacy experienced significantly lower job insecurity. Black employees experienced significantly higher levels of future literacy when compared to White employees. Multiple regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy, dispositional optimism, work locus of control and future literacy predicted job insecurity when controlling for biographical variables. Limitations and recommendations regarding future research, as well as recommendations for the organisation were made. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2006.

En kvantitativ studie har gjorts på två grupper inom vården i Västra Götalandsregionen, där en av grupperna hade använt sig av verktyget Samspelsdialogen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om Samspelsdialogen är ett effektivt verktyg för att påverka känsla av sammanhang (KASAM). Detta gjordes genom att jämföra de två grupperna. Det under-söktes även om arbetskontrollokus (WLOC) skiljde sig mellan dessa grupper samt om det fanns samband mellan internt WLOC och högt KASAM. Dessutom undersöktes om äldre respondenter hade starkare KASAM än yngre respondenter samt om KASAMs komponenter förklarar olika stor del av totalt KASAM. I studien deltog 117 personer varav 55 ingick i experimentgruppen och 62 i kontrollgruppen. Respondenterna besvarade en enkät som bestod av frågor som var baserade på de teorier som låg till grund för undersökningen dvs. Antonovskys KASAM-teori samt Spectors arbetskontrollokus. Resultatet visar att experimentgruppen hade ett högre KASAM-värde än kontrollgruppen. Det fanns ingen skillnad i WLOC-poäng mellan grupperna men däremot fanns ett samband mellan internt arbetskontrollokus och hög KASAM-poäng. Det fanns ingen skillnad i KASAM mellan äldre och yngre respondenter. Hanterbarhet visade sig vara den KASAM-komponent som förklarade störst andel av KASAM-poängen och experiment-gruppen hade högre känsla av hanterbarhet än kontrollgruppen. / Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället

<p>Bandura definierar (1997) outcome expectancy som individens skattning av sannolikheten att ett beteende ska leda till ett specifikt utfall. Utöver individens skattning av sitt eget beteendes följder (individual outcome expectancy), är hennes bedömning av sin grupps möjlighet att nå ett specifikt utfall (collective outcome expectancy) en del av begreppet (Riggs & Knight, 1994). Studien syftar till att undersöka huruvida arbetsrelaterad- self efficacy, locus of control och collective efficacy predicerar outcome expectancy. En enkätundersökning genomfördes med 102 deltagare från olika yrkesgrupper. Resultatet visade att arbetsrelaterad- self efficacy och locus of control samvarierade med individual outcome expectancy och att collective efficacy predicerade collective outcome expectancy. Dock var gruppstorleken av betydelse för prediktionen. Studiens hypoteser bekräftades av tidigare forskning.</p>