Abstract This study aims to bring knowledge about human resources specialists perception and experiences of poor work-related mental health through different channels of learning, how they feel that work environment management is visible and how they get involved in it in organizations. This work environment management is largely regulated by the Work Environment Act, which was undergoing a correction in 2016. Research has shown that the developed guidelines are difficult to implement and evaluated in the real working life, due to lack of commitment from employer, and the increased requirement of individuals to acquire knowledge have increased, and then primarily focused on organizations efficiency. The theoretical framework used for the study is the lifelong learning, and aims to explain how the acquisition of knowledge about poor work-related mental health has taken place, and how these skills are used in the daily working life. The material for the study was collected through eight interviews and the results were presented through a thematic analysis. The results showed that formal education is often difficult to put in a real context, that the poor work-related mental health is often difficult to handle, and that it is through the informal learning that the informants learned to meet the phenomenon. It was found that the distinction between the physical and the psychosocial work environment was experienced as difficult to separate, and that the psychosocial work environment is often not seen to the same extent as the physical. The results also showed that occupational health services, and their cooperation with workplaces helped to make the work environment management visible for the employees. The role of the boss was crucial for the visualization, and also the sense of incentive in the work environment management. Informal learning proved to be of great importance to informants ability to be able to handle factors in the working life, but there is a lack of non-formal learning or formal learning that confirms the knowledge gained from informal learning. / Sammanfattning Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att undersöka yrkesverksamma personalvetares uppfattning om arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa och om det arbetsmiljöarbete som bedrivs i förebyggande syfte mot arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa på deras arbetsplats. Arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa är ett växande fenomen som orsakas av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Arbetsmiljöarbetet är till stor del lagreglerat i arbetsmiljölagen, som genomgick en korrigering under 2016. Forskning visar dock att de riktlinjer som framtagits är svåra att implementera och utvärdera i det verkliga arbetslivet, att det råder brist på engagemang från arbetsgivaren, samt ett ökat krav på individer att förvärva kunskaper för att främst öka organisationers effektivitet. De teoretiska ramverk som använts för studien är det livslånga lärandet, och ämnar att förklara hur förvärvandet av kunskaper om arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa gått till, och dessa kunskaper används i arbetslivet. Studien utgick från åtta intervjuer och resultaten presenterades genom en tematisk analys. Det visade sig att formell utbildning många gånger är svårt att sätta i en verklig kontext, att fenomenet arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa ofta är svårbemött, och att det är genom det informella lärandet som informanterna lärde sig att bemöta det. Det visade sig även att särskiljandet av den fysiska och den psykosociala arbetsmiljön upplevdes som svåra att separera, och att den psykosociala arbetsmiljön då ofta inte synliggjordes i samma utsträckning som den fysiska. Resultaten visade även på att samarbetet med företagshälsovården på arbetsplatser hjälpte till att synliggöra ett arbetsmiljöarbete. Chefens roll var avgörande många gånger för synliggörandet samt känslan av ett inkulderande i arbetsmiljöarbetet. Det informella lärandet visade sig vara av stor betydelse för informanternas möjlighet att kunna hantera faktorer i arbetslivet, men att det finns en avsaknad av icke-formellt lärande eller formellt lärande i arbetslivet, som bekräftar den kunskap som kommer från det informella lärandet.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskeyrket är ett utsatt yrke där stress är vanligt förekommande. Om sjuksköterskan utsätts för långvarig stress kan det leda till utbrändhet och sjukskrivningar enligt Socialstyrelsen (2017). Det är väsentligt att undersöka vilka bakomliggande orsaker sjuksköterskor upplever vara anledningen till deras psykiska ohälsa och vilka konsekvenser det kan leda till både för sjuksköterskorna och omgivningen. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad egenrapporterad psykisk ohälsa. Metod: En litteraturstudie som baserades på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Databaserna som användes var Cinahl och Pubmed. Samtliga artiklar kvalitetsgranskades med SBU:s kvalitetsgranskningsmall och dataanalysen utfördes med Popenoe m.fl. dataanalysmetod. Resultat: Resultatet som framkommer är att sjuksköterskorna är utsatta för hög arbetsbelastning, underbemanning och organisatoriska problem. Sammanställningen av artiklarna gav tre huvudkategorier som bakomliggande orsaker till sjuksköterskors arbetsrelaterade psykiska ohälsa. Dessa bakomliggande faktorer presenteras i följande huvudkategorier: Brister i organisationen, Höga förväntningar på sjuksköterskor och Svåra situationer i arbetet. Utifrån dessa uppkom även följande underkategorier: Bristande ledarskap, Hög arbetsbelastning, Stress på arbetsplatsen, Underbemanning, Traumatiska och komplexa patientfall samt Utanförskap på arbetsplatsen. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskan upplever arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa främst på grund av organisatoriska faktorer, traumatiska patientfall samt kollegiala problem på arbetsplatsen. Arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa kan påverka sjuksköterskors kvalitet på arbetet. Sjuksköterskor upplevde även höga krav från omgivningen, vilket skapade en upplevelse av negativ stress både i arbetet och privat. / Background: Being a nurse is a vulnerable profession where stress is common. If a nurse is exposed to prolonged stress, it can lead to burnout and sick leave for nurses, according to the National Board of Health and Welfare (2017). It is essential to investigate the underlying causes that nurses perceive as reasons for their mental health problems and the consequences it can have for both nurses and their surroundings. Objective: The purpose of the literature review was to shed light on nurses' experiences of work-related self-reported mental illness. Method: The literature study is based on ten qualitative articles. The databases used were CINAHL and PubMed. All articles were quality assessed using the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment, and Assessment of Social Services (SBU) quality assessment tool. Data analysis was conducted using Popenoe et al.'s data analysis method. Results: The results reveal that nurses are exposed to high workloads, understaffing, and organizational problems. The compilation of the articles yielded three main categories as underlying causes of nurses' work-related mental health problems. These underlying factors are presented in the following main categories: Organizational deficiencies, High expectations on nurses and Difficult situations at work. Based on these, the following subcategories also emerged: Deficient leadership, High workloads, Workplace stress, Understaffing, Traumatic and complex patient cases and Workplace exclusion. Conclusion: Nurses primarily experience work-related mental health problems due to organizational factors, traumatic patient cases, and collegial issues in the workplace. Work- related mental health problems can affect nurses' work quality. Nurses also experience high demands from their environment, which creates a perception of negative stress both at work and in their personal lives.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-03-15T13:45:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIANA PEREIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 1495567 bytes, checksum: cfe3269f86ef6ee276b2a7ebc6ca324d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T13:45:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIANA PEREIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 1495567 bytes, checksum: cfe3269f86ef6ee276b2a7ebc6ca324d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This dissertation presents the results of an ?intervention-research?, which is so named due to the relevance of the intervention in the whole process. In this way, the objectives were to promote an intervention in a reflection group about work and health with workers from an automobile industry and to analyze the health-disease process experienced by them. It was attended by 14 workers from the same company whose form of organization of work and the productive processes is characteristic of Toyotism, a model of organization that stimulates individualism, competitiveness, outsourcing, flexibility and thus may favor the processes of work-related mental disorders. These workers shared their daily experiences related to work and reflected on them in a group, performed at CEREST in Campinas ? SP, over 11 meetings, during the period of six months. The group had an open character and was built together to the participants. The information shared by them showed that, initially, they wanted a lot to join the company, and while being admitted, they felt they have achieved a dream. During time, however, that dream has become a nightmare, as they experienced a context of psychological violence and demands for a high rate of production, which ended up favoring the development of physical injuries. As a result, the work-related mental suffering was intensified, as the injured workers were excluded, humiliated and reinserted to work in incompatible functions. In this sense, in the reflection group, subjects such as work under capitalism, flexible speech, the workers? guilt for illness, their life stories, new life projects, the union and solidarity among them, among other examples were discussed through conversation wheels and use of mediating materiality. It is possible to say that this kind of group assisted in the promotion of elements for the development of more critical reflections by the workers, who closed the meetings feeling less blame, stronger, united, in solidarity to each other, more active and responsible for social transformation. / Esta disserta??o apresenta os resultados de uma ?interven??o-pesquisa?, que est? sendo assim denominada devido ? relev?ncia da interven??o em todo o processo. Desse modo, os objetivos foram promover uma interven??o em um grupo de reflex?o sobre trabalho e sa?de com trabalhadores de uma ind?stria automobil?stica e analisar o processo de sa?de-adoecimento vivenciado por eles. Participaram 14 trabalhadores de uma mesma empresa, cuja forma de organiza??o do trabalho e dos processos produtivos ? caracter?stica do Toyotismo, um modelo de organiza??o que estimula o individualismo, a competitividade, a terceiriza??o, a flexibiliza??o e, assim, pode favorecer os processos de adoecimento mental relacionados ao trabalho. Tais trabalhadores compartilharam suas viv?ncias cotidianas relacionadas ao trabalho e refletiram sobre elas em um grupo, realizado no CEREST de Campinas - SP, ao longo de 11 encontros, durante o per?odo de seis meses. O grupo tinha um car?ter aberto e foi constru?do juntamente aos participantes. As informa??es compartilhadas por eles mostraram que, inicialmente, desejavam muito ingressar na empresa e, ao serem admitidos, sentiam ter realizado um sonho. Com o passar do tempo, no entanto, esse sonho se tornou pesadelo, na medida em que vivenciavam um contexto de viol?ncia psicol?gica e exig?ncias por alto ritmo de produ??o, o que acabava favorecendo o desenvolvimento de les?es f?sicas. Com isso, o sofrimento mental relacionado ao trabalho foi se intensificando, pois os trabalhadores lesionados eram exclu?dos, humilhados e reinseridos ao trabalho em fun??es incompat?veis. Nesse sentido, no grupo de reflex?o, se discutiu, por meio de rodas de conversa e utiliza??o de materialidades mediadoras, temas como o trabalho no capitalismo, o discurso flex?vel, a culpabiliza??o dos trabalhadores pelo adoecimento, suas hist?rias de vida, novos projetos de vida, a uni?o e a solidariedade entre eles, entre outros exemplos. Pode-se dizer que essa modalidade de grupo auxiliou na promo??o de elementos para o desenvolvimento de reflex?es mais cr?ticas pelos trabalhadores, que encerraram os encontros sentindo-se menos culpados, mais fortalecidos, unidos, solid?rios uns aos outros, mais ativos e respons?veis pela transforma??o social.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Alessandro Kawamura.pdf: 1969272 bytes, checksum: 9762b225d255615a0801c5b2cdf4ae1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-09 / This dissertation, situated in the line of "Research and Prevention Psychological Intervention" from the "Graduate Program stricto sensu of the Pontifical Catholic University - Campinas", intends to explicit the effects of the reorganization of work and the power to act on the mental health of teachers in public education. From the daily life of a municipal school in infant education in the city of Campinas in contrast to what occurs in most of the city schools, achieves very positive results not only in relation to quality of education but the health of their professional - this paper discusses a group of workers who for approximately a decade (re)invented a way to sustain a vitalizing work in collectively developed actions.. By focusing on Mental Health Work-Related and using the ethnographic method and reflexive interviews, We intended to discuss, given the context of our current public school model, as has consolidated this process in order to achieve a better understanding about the mental wear and the dynamics of the health-disease process in relation to the formative experiences, the interpretations of these professionals on the teaching practice, the development of their practices, the subversion of utilitarian models of education, solidarity and the need for communion between work and educational action by emancipatory bias. / A presente disserta??o, situada na linha de Pesquisa Preven??o e Interven??o Psicol?gica do Programa de P?s-gradua??o Stricto Sensu da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, visa explicitar os efeitos da reorganiza??o do trabalho e do poder de agir na sa?de mental de docentes no ensino p?blico. A partir do cotidiano de uma escola municipal de educa??o infantil na cidade de Campinas - que diferentemente do que ocorre em boa parte das escolas desta mesma rede, alcan?a resultados muito positivos n?o apenas no que se refere ? qualidade do ensino, mas na sa?de de seus profissionais -, este trabalho discorre sobre um grupo de trabalhadoras que durante aproximadamente uma d?cada (re)inventou uma forma de trabalho vitalizante sustentada nas a??es desenvolvidas coletivamente. Por meio do enfoque da Sa?de Mental Relacionada ao Trabalho (SMRT) e utilizando o m?todo etnogr?fico e entrevistas reflexivas, buscamos discutir, diante do contexto de nosso atual modelo de escola p?blica, como se consolidou tal processo com vistas a um melhor entendimento sobre o desgaste mental e a din?mica do processo sa?de-doen?a no ambiente laboral em rela??o ?s experi?ncias de forma??o, ?s interpreta??es dessas profissionais diante do exerc?cio do magist?rio, ao desenvolvimento de suas pr?ticas, ? subvers?o dos modelos de educa??o utilitaristas, ? solidariedade e ? necessidade de comunh?o entre trabalho e a??o educativa pelo vi?s emancipat?rio.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANO GALBIATTI.pdf: 953117 bytes, checksum: 46929cc6b53b293c05e9beb393178beb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-26 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / This dissertation, situated in the line of Research and Prevention Psychological Intervention from the Graduate Program stricto sensu of the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, intends to investigate the ?power to act? in workers of the Social Assistance Specialized Reference Center (CREAS). For this purpose, a brief historical review of social assistance policies was produced in order to understand the current scenario, marked by neoliberal reforms. The study, from an ethnographic inspiration, there was basically through three stages. At first, the researcher followed meetings with the CREAS team. For each meeting it was developed a Field Diary. In the second, the researcher conducted reflexive interviews with four workers. The third and last, was developed the interpretation, analysis and discussion of the collected material in the previous steps. This process revealed the constant changes that the work in public service suffers according to Social Assistance policies in the municipality and its relationship with neoliberal processes in the broadest sense. If, on the one hand, despite this context, the workers have the capacity to also turn on and organize their activities, giving new meanings, collectively, on the other, it was observed that the mental strain is present in their daily lives. It seems to be associated to the numerous impediments to the realization of the work activity raised by management, as well as the workload related to the nature of services to families who have suffered violations of their rights. To handle these situations, the workers take more individual tactics rather than a collective organization. / A presente disserta??o, situada na linha de Pesquisa Preven??o e Interven??o Psicol?gica do Programa de P?s-gradua??o Stricto Sensu da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, busca investigar o poder de agir de trabalhadoras do Centro de Refer?ncia Especializado de Assist?ncia Social (CREAS) de um munic?pio do interior do estado de S?o Paulo. Para tanto, realizou-se um breve resgate hist?rico das pol?ticas de assist?ncia social, a fim de entender o atual cen?rio, marcado pelas reformas neoliberais. O estudo, de inspira??o etnogr?fica, deu-se, basicamente, atrav?s de tr?s etapas. Na primeira, o pesquisador acompanhou reuni?es junto ? equipe do CREAS. Para cada reuni?o foi desenvolvido um Di?rio de Campo. Na segunda, o pesquisador realizou entrevistas reflexivas com quatro trabalhadoras. Na terceira e ?ltima, realizou-se a interpreta??o, an?lise e discuss?o do material levantado nas etapas anteriores. Este processo revelou as constantes mudan?as que o trabalho nesse servi?o p?blico sofre de acordo com as pol?ticas de Assist?ncia Social no munic?pio e sua rela??o com processos neoliberais mais amplos. Se, por um lado, apesar desse contexto, as trabalhadoras possuem relativa capacidade de tamb?m transformar e organizar suas atividades, atribuindo novos sentidos, coletivamente, por outro, observou-se que o desgaste mental est? presente no seu cotidiano. Ele parece estar associado aos in?meros impedimentos para a realiza??o da atividade de trabalho colocados pela gest?o, bem como pela carga de trabalho relacionada ? natureza do atendimento a fam?lias que sofreram viola??es de seus direitos. Para lidar com essas situa??es, as trabalhadoras se valem mais de t?ticas individuais do que de uma organiza??o coletiva.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-04-12T18:25:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HELOISA APARECIDA DE SOUZA.pdf: 1392683 bytes, checksum: 48e5ce3f21710277540177f37dd97013 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T18:25:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HELOISA APARECIDA DE SOUZA.pdf: 1392683 bytes, checksum: 48e5ce3f21710277540177f37dd97013 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Despite extensive evidence that the current working conditions can lead to mental exhaustion and illness among workers, public policies that specifically address this issue are still limited and ineffective in Brazil. Although there is no protocol to follow, there are many public health professionals who are concerned about the increase in work-related mental disorders. This thesis evaluated healthcare professionals working in the Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS, Brazilian Unified Health System) seeking to investigate their conceptions and actions that are aimed at reducing and preventing mental health problems related to working conditions. This is a Work-related Mental Health qualitative research based on the ?theme-field? concept, in which the field is not a predetermined physical space, and dialogues and social interactions are used to address the topic investigated. The ?theme-field? approach was used by carrying out a document analysis, participating in different spaces and events, making contacts, and conducting interviews with several professionals in different health services provided by the SUS. Information gained by experience and observation was documented in a field diary; the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The material was analyzed based on the hermeneutic dialectic process. The results obtained reveal the importance of healthcare professionals? ethical and political commitment to carrying out actions that contribute to the protection of workers? subjectivity and to the development and implementation of public policies addressing this problem. Among the various possibilities of actions carried out in the public health system are those aimed at providing care, making referrals, preventing work-related mental exhaustion, promoting mental health in the workplace, encouraging workers to organize a resistance movement against mental illness, and investigating the association between mental illness and working conditions. The present study also discusses the challenges to the adoption of practices to promote mental health of workers who use the services provided by the SUS, the importance of solid and permanent education of healthcare professionals, and the role of psychology in actions aimed at protecting workers' mental health. / Apesar de las numerosas evidencias de que las condiciones de trabajo en la actualidad generan desgaste y enfermedad mental en los trabajadores, las pol?ticas p?blicas que abordan espec?ficamente dicha tem?tica todav?a son fr?giles en Brasil. Sin embargo, a?n sin un protocolo de acci?n que los oriente, existen muchos profesionales de la red p?blica de salud que son sensibles al aumento de los casos de enfermedad ps?quica relacionada con el trabajo. Esos profesionales son los protagonistas de esta tesis, que tiene como objetivo general analizar las concepciones y acciones de trabajadores del Sistema ?nico de Salud (SUS) que conllevan al enfrentamiento de los perjuicios a la salud mental relacionados a las condiciones de trabajo. Se trata de una investigaci?n cualitativa, situada en el campo de la Salud Mental Relacionada con el Trabajo (SMRT) y basada en la concepci?n de campo-tema, que no elige un lugar delimitado, buscando, a trav?s de di?logos e interacciones sociales, una leg?tima aproximaci?n con el tema estudiado. De esta forma, la inserci?n en el campo-tema se dio mediante el an?lisis de documentos, participaci?n en distintos espacios y eventos, contacto y entrevistas com diversos profesionales de diferentes servicios del SUS. Las observaciones y vivencias en el transcurso de la investigaci?n fueron registradas en diario de campo y las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas. Todo ese material fue analizado apoy?ndose en la propuesta de la hermen?utica-dial?ctica. Los resultados de la investigaci?n revelan la importancia del compromiso ?tico y pol?tico de los profesionales de la salud con la realizaci?n de acciones que contribuyen a la protecci?n de la subjetividad de los trabajadores y a la necesidad de consolidar pol?ticas p?blicas que aborden el asunto. Entre las diferentes posibilidades de actuaciones realizadas en la red p?blica de salud, se destacan aquellas que propenden al atendimiento, remisi?n y prevenci?n de los casos de desgaste mental relacionados com el trabajo, as? como las acciones de promoci?n de la salud ps?quica en el ambiente de trabajo, el est?mulo a la resistencia de los trabajadores y el establecimiento de la relaci?n entre la enfermedad mental y las condiciones laborales. Asimismo, la investigaci?n tambi?n discute los desaf?os para la constituci?n de pr?cticas orientadas a la salud mental de los trabajadores del SUS, la importancia de la formaci?n inicial y permanente de los profesionales de la salud y el papel de la Psicolog?a en las acciones dirigidas a la protecci?n de la salud mental de los trabajadores. / Apesar das in?meras evid?ncias de que as situa??es de trabalho na atualidade geram desgaste e adoecimento mental nos trabalhadores, as pol?ticas p?blicas que abordam especificamente essa tem?tica ainda s?o fr?geis no Brasil. Entretanto, mesmo sem um protocolo de a??o que os oriente, existem muitos profissionais da rede p?blica de sa?de que s?o sens?veis ao aumento dos casos de adoecimento ps?quico relacionado ao trabalho. Esses profissionais s?o os protagonistas desta tese, que possui o objetivo geral de analisar as concep??es e as a??es de trabalhadores do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS) que visam ao enfrentamento do adoecimento mental relacionado ao trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, situada no campo da Sa?de Mental Relacionada ao Trabalho (SMRT) e baseada na concep??o de campo-tema, que n?o elege um lugar delimitado, buscando, por meio de di?logos e intera??es sociais, uma genu?na aproxima??o com o tema estudado. Assim, a inser??o no campo-tema se deu por meio de an?lise de documentos, participa??o em diferentes espa?os e eventos, contatos e entrevistas com diversos profissionais inseridos em diferentes servi?os do SUS. As observa??es e vivencias no decorrer da pesquisa foram registradas em di?rio de campo e as entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas. Todo esse material foi analisado apoiando-se na proposta da hermen?utica-dial?tica. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam a import?ncia do comprometimento ?tico e pol?tico dos profissionais da sa?de com a realiza??o de a??es que contribuam para a prote??o da subjetividade dos trabalhadores e para a necessidade de consolida??o de pol?ticas p?blicas que abordam o assunto. Entre as diferentes possibilidades de atua??es realizadas na rede p?blica de sa?de, destacam-se aquelas que visam ao atendimento, ao encaminhamento e ? preven??o dos casos de desgaste mental relacionados ao trabalho, bem como as a??es de promo??o da sa?de ps?quica no ambiente de trabalho, o est?mulo ? resist?ncia dos trabalhadores e o estabelecimento de rela??o entre o adoecimento mental e as situa??es laborais. A pesquisa discute ainda os desafios para o estabelecimento de pr?ticas que visam ? sa?de mental dos trabalhadores no SUS, a import?ncia da forma??o inicial e permanente dos profissionais da sa?de e o papel da Psicologia nas a??es que t?m o objetivo de proteger a sa?de mental dos trabalhadores.

Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-04-07T18:23:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Heidy Joahanna Garrido Pinzon.pdf: 1919376 bytes, checksum: aaaacf762cb9a911de4a979c7a12c936 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T18:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heidy Joahanna Garrido Pinzon.pdf: 1919376 bytes, checksum: aaaacf762cb9a911de4a979c7a12c936 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / The purpose of this research was to analyze the experiences of workers enrolled in the health systems of Colombia and Brazil, taking into account the interesting fact that these two health systems emerged from opposing guidelines. On one hand, among the countries which suffered the intense economic crisis of the 1980?s, Colombia was unified in the most rigorous and systematic model because of hegemonic sanitary controls required by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund On the other hand, in Brazil, which also experienced the economic crisis, it was possible the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS ? Portuguese acronym), as a product of demands of popular movements, managing to establish health as a right of all citizens, which was written into the Federal Constitution of 1988. Thus, the SUS was born in the midst of the economic crisis of 1980, in a neoliberal scenario, in opposition to capitalist tendencies which were characterized by the search for new markets in the health sector, a tendency completely adopted by Colombia. Given this context, the present study aimed to understand the common experiences of basic care workers in Colombia and Brazil, against the capitalist logic. Based on the Social Psychology of Work?s approach, this research is qualitative in nature and has empirical style. It was developed by analyzing reflexive interviews of two groups of workers belonging to healthcare and administrative sectors of the Basic Attention: one in Bucaramanga, Colombia and the other in Campinas, Brazil. Content Analysis was used for the analysis process, which is understood as a set of research techniques, which aims to find sense or senses manifested in more diverse forms of communication. In the course of this investigation it was revealed that, in both countries, the main experiences of the health professionals, determined by neo-liberal logic, are related to the transformations introduced in the labor conditions and relations, and also in the organization of work. In the Colombian context, we find that the main problems presented by those interviewed have their origins in the transition process introduced by those reforms which gave rise to its current health care system. Such problems are reflected, mainly, in the deterioration of relations with patients, as well as, in the detriment of the configuration of the work teams, forced to live divided by the stark contrast between different contractual relations. This condition, which eventually causes an inherent difficulty to generate cohesion within the working groups, also appears in the Brazilian context, as a result of outsourcing, which has come to constitute an effective mechanism to weaken the SUS, to facilitate its waning and to place it on a path pointing in the direction of the current Colombian health system. Finally, in the two studied stages, this panorama of job insecurity, permeated by instability, intensification of responsibilities and overworked employees, reduction in wages, among others, has generated major consequences to the life and health of the workers, which are reflected in the deterioration of their mental and physical health, in the lack of social recognition, the deterioration of ethics and morality, also in some cases, even in constraints for the construction of a life project. / A presente pesquisa visa a analisar as viv?ncias de trabalhadores dos Sistemas P?blicos de Sa?de da Col?mbia e do Brasil, tendo-se em vista que esses dois casos ganham interesse de estudo por exemplificarem sistemas de sa?de cujo surgimento se d? a partir de diretrizes opostas. Por um lado, tem-se a Col?mbia que, dentre os pa?ses latino-americanos a sofrer a intensa crise econ?mica da d?cada de 1980, foi aquele que incorporou de maneira mais rigorosa e sistem?tica os crit?rios centrais do modelo hegem?nico das reformas sanit?rias estabelecidos pelo Banco Mundial e pelo Fundo Monet?rio Internacional. Por outro, observa-se a situa??o do Brasil, que tamb?m experimentou a crise econ?mica, onde foi poss?vel a cria??o do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS), produto das exig?ncias dos movimentos populares os quais conseguiram estabelecer a sa?de como um direito de todos os cidad?os, legitimando-se na Constitui??o Federal de 1988. Toma-se em considera??o, ent?o, como nasce o SUS, num cen?rio neoliberal em meio da crise econ?mica de 1980, em oposi??o a tend?ncias imperialistas que se caracterizavam pela busca de novos mercados no setor sa?de, enquanto a Col?mbia se subjugou totalmente a elas. Levando em conta esse contexto, o estudo aqui apresentado teve como objetivo compreender as viv?ncias de trabalhadores da Aten??o B?sica dos Sistemas P?blicos de Sa?de da Col?mbia e do Brasil, frente ? l?gica capitalista. Baseada no enfoque da Psicologia Social do Trabalho, esta pesquisa ? de natureza qualitativa e de tipo emp?rico. Desenvolveu-se mediante a realiza??o de entrevistas reflexivas em profundidade, com dois grupos de trabalhadores da Aten??o B?sica de n?vel assistencial e administrativo: um em Bucaramanga, Col?mbia e, outro, em Campinas, Brasil. Para o processo de an?lise, elegeu-se utilizar a An?lise de Conte?do, a qual ? compreendida como um conjunto de t?cnicas de pesquisa cujo objetivo ? a busca do sentido ou dos sentidos manifestos nas mais diversas formas de comunica??o. O percurso desta pesquisa revelou que, em ambos os pa?ses, as principais viv?ncias dos profissionais da sa?de, determinadas pela l?gica neoliberal, est?o relacionadas com as transforma??es introduzidas nas condi??es, rela??es e organiza??o do trabalho. No contexto colombiano estudado, identificamos a origem das problem?ticas centrais apresentadas pelos entrevistados no processo de transi??o induzido pela reforma que constituiu seu atual sistema de sa?de. Essas problem?ticas se traduzem, essencialmente, na deteriora??o das rela??es com os usu?rios, bem como na configura??o das equipes de trabalho, marcadas pelo contraste entre pessoas com diferentes v?nculos empregat?cios. Esta ?ltima condi??o, empecilho para a coes?o dos grupos de trabalho, tamb?m ? observada no contexto brasileiro pesquisado, como produto da terceiriza??o, que parece ter se tornado um efetivo mecanismo para enfraquecer o SUS, facilitar seu desmonte e coloc?-lo no mesmo caminho atualmente percorrido pelo sistema de sa?de colombiano. Por fim, exp?e-se como, nos dois cen?rios estudados, tal panorama de precariedade do trabalho, permeado pela instabilidade, intensifica??o e sobrecarga laboral, pela redu??o de sal?rios, dentre outros fatores, tem ocasionado graves consequ?ncias para a vida e a sa?de dos trabalhadores, que se refletem na degrada??o de sua sa?de f?sica e mental, na falta de reconhecimento social, na deteriora??o da ?tica e da moral e nas restri??es para a constru??o de um projeto de vida.