Adopting the Ecological Contextual Model of Acculturation and Adjustment (Birman, 1994; Trickett, 1996) and the Stress and Coping paradigm (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984, 1986, 1991), the present thesis explored the psycho-social, work, and marital adjustment of 200 established older middle-aged refugees from the Former Yugoslavia living in the Ottawa area. More specifically, three studies were conducted to examine specific stressors and resources of relevance to the adjustment of Former Yugoslavian men and women, across the following three distinct life domains: psycho-social, work, and marital. Study I explored the potential buffering effects of interpersonal trust on the relational growth of Former Yugoslavian refugees. Results demonstrated that interpersonal trust moderated the negative effects of war-related trauma on the relational growth of Former Yugoslavian women. No such buffering effect was found for the men. Study II investigated Former Yugoslavians' work adjustment by exploring the influence of pre-migratory work-related expectations-outcome congruence, occupational mobility, work stress (general and discrimination), as well as personal (education, English language proficiency) and social resources (support at work) on their work satisfaction and distress. Results indicated that different factors emerged as significant predictors of work satisfaction and work distress for Former Yugoslavian men and women. Study III explored the potential moderating role of marital resilience on the relationship between marital stress (general and acculturative) and marital adjustment. Results showed that marital resilience moderated the negative effects of marital stress on the marital adjustment of Former Yugoslavian women. No protective effect of marital resilience was found for the men. Taken together, the results of the three studies provide support for the relevance and importance of studying the stress, resources, and adjustment of refugees across contexts and gender. Given that important gender differences were found in different adaptational domains, the need to study further the impact of gender in refugees is reinforced. The findings are discussed within the current gender and migration literatures as well as the multidimensional theories of cross-cultural adjustment. Theoretical, research, and clinical implications were presented, along with recommendations for future research.

Practical approach to the issue of music applicability is a multi-disciplinary taking into account the complexity of working environment, personality of modern managers and the sole human nature. Musical map could serve to HR experts in building innovative programs of staff training in accordance with organization' preferences and individuals uniqueness. Recent investigations of the connection between music and motivation, music and team work, music and creativity, music and learning process, are opening numerous options for practical applicability of music in working environment aimed at increasing existing competencies and developing the new ones. The need for an increase in staff performances has imposed a need to explore how musical practice can support creation and implementation of realistic organizational goals in intercultural environment. The main goal of this doctoral thesis is to examine musical preferences and applicability of music with its positive effects on different aspects of working environment, creating thus, via empirical research, a musical map of geographical region that could be employed to increase working performance and efficiency. In order to achieve the goals defined, a field research has been conducted via structured questionnaire including 6 socio-demographic variables (gender, age, educational degree, position in the organization, sector and working experience) and 6 dependant variables (working atmosphere, efficiency in accomplishing tasks at work, motivation, learning, team work and stress reduction). The research was conducted in Serbia, on a random sample of 126 managers and employees in Belgrade, Novi Sad and Novi Pazar. The main hypothesis was that applicative music positively affects creation of proper corporative ambient and improvement of employees' competences, and was tested via 13 auxiliary hypotheses. Main empirical outcome of the Ph.D. thesis research is the determination of Serbian working population Musical Map and results of influence of certain socio-demographic and professional factors on the Musical Map Method implementation. HR staff would subsequently implement the "concept of musical map method" within its own company that is expected to increase motivation, learning and creativity as shown empirically in the study conducted. Also team work and working efficiency are expected to increase and stress at work to decrease under the proper musical exposition and all of these are explicitly shown in the thesis research results. In addition, influence of the degree of education on musical preference at work place and in general are the most surprising data, as revealed by chi square test if independence. Although general statistics of total sample on participant's opinion, speaks in favour of hypotheses confirmation expressing positive effects of music on 6 dependent variables, there are some fine differences, influenced by cardinal and derived variables, as shown by one way ANOVA test (e.g. influence of gender on opinion of positive music effects on stress reduction etc.). The final result of the thesis is the creation of the Musical Map Method that contains original approach toward creation of musical map and determination of the necessary factors that could substantially influence its implementation. Method could be applied anywhere in the Globe to produce other unique music maps as per sponsor request.

En la actualidad, la exigencia en el cumplimiento de las metas organizacionales requiere inmediatez y eficiencia. El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en determinar si la presión laboral influye en el proceso del desempeño que presentan los empleados en sus tareas. A través de diversos recursos, como experimentos, encuestas y estudios, se argumenta que esta presión laboral genera en los colaboradores diferentes resultados. Por un lado, en el ámbito negativo, se observan cuadros de estrés y desmotivación. Por su parte, en el ámbito positivo, se motiva la creatividad y el interés intrínseco. En esta investigación, se analiza cómo el comportamiento del colaborador pueda verse influido por este factor y como esto impacta finalmente en la eficiencia organizacional. Con este estudio, se pretende observar, en un panorama general, cómo las empresas aplican estos mecanismos buscando agregar valor a sus empleados y brindándoles soluciones que impulsen su eficiencia. Asimismo, se decidió realizar esta investigación para poder evidenciar la influencia de la presión sobre el rendimiento del colaborador, y como ésta se manifiesta en función de la obtención de resultados. Las conclusiones a las que arribamos brindarán soporte de conocimiento a las organizaciones sobre las ventajas o desventajas que causa la presión laboral en la eficiencia organizacional. / Currently, the requirement to meet organizational goals requires immediacy and efficiency. The objective of this research is to determine if work pressure influences the performance process that employees present in their tasks. Through various resources, such as experiments, surveys and studies, it is argued that this labor pressure generates different results for employees. On the one hand, in the negative sphere, there are pictures of stress and demotivation. For its part, in the positive sphere, creativity and intrinsic interest are motivated. In this investigation, it is analyzed how the behavior of the collaborator can be influenced by this factor and how this ultimately impacts organizational efficiency. With this study, the aim is to observe, in an overview, how companies apply these mechanisms, seeking to add value to their employees and providing solutions that boost their efficiency. Likewise, it was decided to carry out this research in order to demonstrate the influence of pressure on the performance of the collaborator, and how it manifests itself in terms of obtaining results. The conclusions we reach will provide knowledge support to organizations about the advantages or disadvantages that labor pressure causes in organizational efficiency. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El presente estudio relaciona estrés laboral y percepción de competencias parentales en padres que trabajan. Se utilizó un diseño transversal de tipo correlacional (Hernández- Sampieri & Mendoza, 2018) en el que participaron 177 padres (55.7% mujeres) que trabajan como mínimo 30 horas semanales y con hijos entre 3 y 12 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario del modelo demandas-control-apoyo (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) y la Escala de Competencia Parental Percibida (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). Los resultados evidencian que los trabajadores que perciben colaboración por parte de sus supervisores y compañeros suelen manifestar que poseen tiempo para realizar actividades recreativas y acompañar a sus hijos en los aprendizajes escolares. Del mismo modo, los padres que perciben autonomía para realizar sus funciones laborales, consideran también que brindan mayor dedicación a sus hijos. No obstante, aún existen modificaciones en el ámbito organizacional y familiar que lleven al equilibrio de roles y responsabilidades en mujeres y hombres. En conclusión, las personas que perciban estrés en su trabajo tendrán menor percepción de competencias parentales, ya que no encuentran un equilibrio entre las funciones de ambos roles. / The study analyze the relationship between work stress and perception of parental skills on working parents. It was used a cross- sectional correlational design (Hernández- Sampieri & Mendoza, 2018) in which 177 parents participated (55.7% women), who work at least 30 hours per week and with children between 3 and 12 years old. The psychological instruments were: Inventory of the demands-control-support model (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) and Scale of Perceived Parental Competence (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). The results shows that workers who perceive collaboration from their supervisors and partners usually state that they have time for recreational activities and accompany their children in their school learning. In the same way, parents who perceives autonomy to carry out his work functions, also considers that provides greater dedication to their children. However, there are still changes in the organizational and family environment that lead to a balance of roles and responsibilities in women and men. As main conclusion, people who perceive stress in their work found less perception of parental skills, because they do not find a balance between the functions of both roles. / Tesis

Military staff are repeatedly exposed to stressful and unpleasant traumatic life events. These can cause psychological injury, leading to mental and emotional stress. The stigma of mental health problems in military settings runs deeper than in civil society. Being admitted with mental health problems while serving can be a career stopper, but at times can also be associated with cowardice or malingering. It is the primary responsibility of the military to maintain and promote high military/combat readiness among staff. The change in focus of modern military forces, such as the Botswana Defence Force (BDF), with units being deployed more often, places greater demands on troops. Such operations call for increased training exercises, planning sessions and equipment inspections. Training emphasizes discipline and integrity as the core values of the BDF. These form a foundation for healthy and successful coping strategies. The morale of employees is the starting point for measuring their wellness. Morale in the military is embedded in the fitness programs. These are biased towards military training, creating physical fitness, mental alertness and the qualities of military preparedness. The programs are normally involuntary, mandated through the commander, and form part of a soldier‘s military duties. Military recreation, morale and welfare programs were introduced as a way to provide soldiers with the opportunity to relax and rejuvenate. Recreation serves as a powerful tool for achieving an optimal experience, motivating people to change and improve their health and wellness. The problem identified for this study was that members of the BDF were exposed to situations in a military context, as well as in their personal lives, which caused stress. It was postulated that BDF members had little knowledge or the resources to utilize appropriate recreation-related coping strategies. The study aimed primarily to explore the use of sport and recreation activities in military settings as means to reduce and manage stress. To achieve this goal, it was necessary first to determine the current sport and recreation participation of BDF staff members, then to assess their existing stress levels, their overall psychological well-being, and any dysfunctional behaviours resulting from stress. On the basis of these findings, a Therapeutic Recreation Stress Management Intervention Model was proposed, designed to reduce stress and promote the psychological well-being of BDF members. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the collected data, offering a basic description of the data through frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, variances and relationships. Inferential statistics were used to draw conclusions from the data collected, giving the various factors. The results revealed that the BDF was a male-dominated institution, recruiting soldiers between the ages of 18 and 44, most of whom had some level of education. Most of the staff members came from the lower ranks and had experienced one or more deployments since being recruited into the military. The results further indicated that BDF staff members participated in sport and recreation activities, reflecting an active and healthy lifestyle, with satisfactory levels of involvement. Analysis of stress responses revealed that members experienced stress and that this was related not just to operational or non-operational military stressors but also to personal stressors resulting from their social, financial or emotional conditions. Members of the BDF did not receive the necessary social support from family members and friends to cope with these stressors. The findings on stress in relation to sport and recreation participation revealed that BDF members were intrinsically motivated to embrace healthy lifestyles which could contribute to lower levels of stress. This could even lead to a decrease in stress, supporting the literature which indicates that engaging in physical activities, as part of living a healthy lifestyle, might lead to a reduction in stress levels. The results on the stress-coping measures used by BDF members revealed that recreation activities were deliberately used to cope with stress. Although physical exercise was used as a way of coping with stress, sedentary recreation activities were more prevalent among BDF members. Positive stress-coping measures were adopted by respondents, contrary to the findings of previous studies which indicated that military staff adopted dysfunctional behaviour as a coping measure (e.g. excessive drinking) that formed part of the military culture. The stress-coping abilities of BDF members differed in terms of personal and military demographics from those of previous studies, posting a new contribution to military literature. The results further revealed that BDF members were not sufficiently skilled in coping with stress during military training. This study concluded that the Botswana Defence Force is no different from other military forces, experiencing operational and non-operational stress, as well as personal stress, which need to be addressed. Recommendations were made for further research on stress in military contexts and further guidelines were suggested to the BDF on the use of sport and recreation, together with more specific therapeutic recreation, as ways to reduce stress. A Therapeutic Recreation Stress Management Intervention Model was recommended for further testing in the BDF, as well as in other military forces. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

La presente investigación buscó identificar si la Adicción al trabajo y el Engagement predicen la Satisfacción Laboral en personal administrativo de empresas de Lima Metropolitana. El diseño fue una estrategia asociativa, específicamente transaccional predictivo, y se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 220 personas, de ambos sexos, a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario de Adicción al trabajo DUWAS- 10 (Schaufeli, Taris & Van Rhenen, 2008), el cuestionario de Engagement UWES - 15 (Schaufeli, 1999) y el cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral de Chiang (Chiang, Gómez & Salazar,2014). Mediante un análisis correlacional se comprobó la relación positiva entre las dimensiones Vigor y Satisfacción Laboral (rho = .410), lo mismo para Absorción y Satisfacción Laboral (rho = .173), sin embargo, para las dimensiones de Adicción al trabajo, se comprobó una correlación positiva para Trabajar excesivamente y Satisfacción Laboral (rho = .045) y una correlación negativa para Trabajar compulsivamente y Satisfacción Laboral (rho = -.100). Además, se comprobó que la variable Vigor explica el 16,8% de la varianza total de la variable criterio Satisfacción, siendo esta variable la que predice mejor la Satisfacción Laboral. En conclusión, se tiene evidencia de que existe una relación significativa entre las variables adicción al trabajo, engagement y satisfacción laboral. / The present investigation seeks to identify if Work Addiction and Engagement predict Job Satisfaction in administrative staff of companies in Metropolitan Lima. The research design was an associative strategy, specifically transactional predictive, a non-probability sampling was used. The sample was conformed by 220 people of both sexes, who were given the DUWAS-10 Workaholism questionnaire, the UWES-15 Engagement questionnaire and the Chiang Job Satisfaction questionnaire. Through a correlational analysis, the positive relationship (rho = .410) between the dimensions Vigor and Job Satisfaction was verified, the same for Absorption and Job Satisfaction (rho = .173), however, about the dimensions of Workaholism, a positive correlation was found for Working excessively and Job Satisfaction (rho = .045) and a negative correlation for Compulsive Work and Job Satisfaction (rho = -.100). Also, it was verified that Vigor explains 16.8% of the total variance of the Satisfaction criterion variable, this variable being the one that best predicts Job Satisfaction. In conclusion, there is evidence that there is a significant relationship between the variables workaholism, engagement and job satisfaction. / Tesis

Guided by family/work border theory, this phenomenological study explored the effects of stress while attempting to balance work and home through the lens of six high school female principals from the Central and Northern parts of California. This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to examine the effects stress had on the physical and mental health of participants. Phenomenological interviews provided a rich description of the lived experiences of female high school principals. A thorough analysis of data exposed six distinct themes: (a) work became the priority, (b) coping mechanisms, (c) implications of being a woman, (d) lonely at the top, (e) blurred boundaries, and (f) the need for more support. Study participants’ experiences provide insight into the primary sources of stress, how stress affected their physical and mental health, the effect their stress had on their home domain, and how participants coped with the stress. Findings from this study address ways stress can be minimized to better balance work and home.

No description available.

OPSOMMING Die doel van die navorsingstudie is om die voorkoms en hantering van werksres by maatskaplike werkers in die Paarl-omgewing te ondersoek ten einde aanbevelings aan die bestuur van welsynsorganisasies te maak met die oog op die bevordering van effektiewe stresbestuur by maatskaplike werkers. Elf welsynsorganisasies in die Paarl-omgewing is in die ondersoek betrek en twintig maatskaplike werkers het aan die ondersoek deelgeneem. Na aanleiding van die empiriese ondersoek is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat maatskaplike werkers in die Paarl-omgewing wel werkstres ervaar en dat die meerderheid welsynsorganisasies in die Paarl-omgewing nie oor programme vir streshantering vir hul maatskaplike werkers beskik nie. Daar word onder meer aanbeveel dat beide die maatskaplike werker en die bestuur van die welsynsorganisasie mede-verantwoordelikheid moet neem vir die maatskaplike werker se effektiewe stresbestuur deur middel van individuele- en organisatoriese streshanteringstrategieë. SUMMARY The purpose of this research study is to investigate the occurrence and management of work stress by social workers in the Paarl-vicinity in order to make recommendations to the management of welfare organisations regarding the promotion of effective stress management of social workers. Eleven welfare organisations in the Paarl-vicinity were involved in the investigation while twenty social workers participated in the investigation. With reference to the empirical study, it was concluded that social workers in the Paarl-vicinity do experience work stress and that the majority of the welfare organisations in the Paarl-vicinity do not have programmes for stress management available for their social workers. Based on these conclusions it was recommended that both the social worker and the organisations must take co-responsibility for the social workers effective stress management by utilizing individual- and organisational stress management strategies. / Social work / M.Diac.

Although several studies have been conducted regarding sources of stress for teachers, as well as the coping resources deployed by teachers to manage stress, no studies were found which explored these constructs for teachers within different career stages. Similarly, several studies explored the sources of stress for teachers in different South African provinces, but no studies were found which explored stress or coping resources for teachers in Gauteng. This study aims to address this identified lack in research. Teaching ranks as one of the most stressful occupations, not only internationally, but also in South Africa and therefore, stress poses a threat to the quality of education in South Africa. This threat was recognised by the Gauteng Department of Education, and as a result, the goal to increase the wellness of teachers in Gauteng was set in the Annual Performance Plan of 2012/2013; making this study not only original, but also a necessity. High school teachers (n = 193) were selected from 23 high schools in Gauteng to participate in this study. The Sources of Work Stress Inventory (SWSI), the Coping Resource Inventory (CRI) and the Adult Career Concerns Inventory (ACCI) were used to measure sources of stress, coping resources and career stages, respectively. Pearson product correlations were analysed and significant relationships were found between different sources of work stress, coping resources and career stages. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)