A presente pesquisa, de cunho teórico-bibliográfico, tem por objeto a posição filosófica de Adorno relacionada à possibilidade de emancipação. Pode-se constatar na Dialética da Aufklärung que a emancipação pretendida pelo pensamento do século XVIII aquela que prometeu progresso no conhecimento da natureza, aperfeiçoamento moral, emancipação social não se concretizou, pode-se também encontrar elementos que sustentariam ainda a busca por uma emancipação autêntica. Apesar de constante e justificada dúvida quanto ao ideal iluminista de emancipação através da razão, Adorno e Horkheimer parecem ainda confiar, de certo modo, na racionalidade. É esse certo modo o alvo da análise. Assim, temse como objetivo investigar as posições teóricas de Adorno quanto ao significado e às condições de possibilidade da emancipação humana, bem como investigar até que ponto a educação, a formação cultural e a experiência, realizando tais condições, poderiam contribuir para tal emancipação. Nesse sentido, questiona-se tanto o conceito adorniano de educação, em sua busca pela produção de uma consciência verdadeira, como o de formação cultural, enquanto a cultura tomada pelo lado de sua apropriação subjetiva, assim como o de experiência, como continuidade da consciência em que perdura o ainda não existente, que deságua, por fim, no de elaboração do passado, uma vez que o passado é uma experiência única. Para tanto, a pesquisa fundamenta-se nas próprias categorias da tradição filosófica da modernidade européia, assumidas e reelaboradas por Adorno e Horkheimer na constituição da Teoria Crítica. Tem-se, como principal base teórica, a Dialética da Aufklärung, escrita em conjunto com Horkheimer; os escritos desse sobre a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade; o livro Educação e Emancipação; bem como o ensaio Teoria da Semiformação, ambos de autoria de Adorno. Assim sendo, como metodologia optou-se pela leitura, análise e interpretação de fontes primárias do pensamento adorniano, com destaque para os textos supracitados e pela leitura e estudo de fontes secundárias com vistas a colher subsídios para a compreensão e explicação das posições de Adorno. A conclusão a que se chegou é que Adorno admite e considera possível, apesar de muito difícil e bastante improvável, outra emancipação. A educação e a formação cultural, através de um processo intenso, ininterrupto e infatigável de autoreflexão, poderiam refazer a possibilidade que no presente momento encontra-se obstruída de realização da experiência, contribuindo então para essa emancipação da humanidade. Ou seja, tal efetivação tem como pressuposto uma educação e uma formação cultural, reelaboradas a partir de sua própria autoreflexão. Sendo tanto a educação quanto a formação cultural dimensões do social, sua potencialidade é limitada, daí uma possível contribuição. A efetivação de uma emancipação autêntica dependeria de uma profunda transformação do todo social. / This research presents a bibliographic theoretical approach and assesses Adornos philosophical position regarding the possibility of emancipation. It is clear in the Dialektik der Aufklärung that the emancipation intended by the 18th-century thinking the one that promised progress in nature knowledge, moral improvement and social emancipation did not materialize, and that only some elements which would sustain a search for an authentic emancipation are present. Although there are doubts regarding the illuminist ideal of emancipation through reason, Adorno and Horkheimer keep their trust, to a certain point, in rationality. This certain point is the target of the analysis. The aim is to investigate Adornos theoretical position towards the possibility, meaning and conditions of human emancipation, and also to consider to what extent education, cultural formation and experience, fulfilling these conditions, contribute to such emancipation. In this sense, Adornos concept of education, searching the production of a true conscience, the cultural formation concept as the culture taken by its subjective appropriation, and the experience concept as the continuity of conscience in which the nonexistent lasts, are questioned, leading to the working through of the past concept, once the past is a unique experience. The research is based on the very own categories of the European philosophical tradition that Adorno and Horkheimer took and re-elaborated when constituting the Society Critical Theory. The main theoretical base is the Dialektik der Aufklärung, written together with Horkheimer; Horkheimers writings about the Society Critical Theory; the book Education and Emancipation; and the essay Theory of Self-Formation, the last two written by Adorno. As methodology were used reading, analysis and interpretation of Adornos thinking, the primary sources named above, and secondary sources that aim at supplementing the comprehension and explanations of Adornos positions. The conclusion is that Adorno admits and sees another emancipation as possible although very hard and unlikely. Education and cultural formation, through an intense, constant and restless self-thinking process, could bring the possibility that is now obstructed of realizing the experience, contributing therefore to humankinds emancipation. In conclusion, such a realization supposes education and cultural formation, re-elaborated from their own thinking. Because education and cultural formation are both social dimensions, the potential for emancipation is limited, therefore there is a possible contribution. The concretization of an authentic emancipation would require a profound transformation of the entire social order.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o potencial de esclarecimento de dois conjuntos de materiais. O primeiro consiste em uma exposição a respeito do ataque nuclear às cidades de Hiroshima e Nagasaki. Essa exposição é composta por 30 painéis contendo desenhos, fotografias, textos e gráficos. O segundo conjunto de materiais consiste em matérias jornalísticas recentemente publicadas pela mídia impressa a respeito da bomba atômica. Tais matérias, por sua vez, utilizam-se de textos, fotografias e gráficos. A partir de contribuição de autores vinculados à Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, em especial Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer e Herbert Marcuse, os materiais são analisados levando-se em conta as noções de elaboração do passado, racionalidade técnica e indústria cultural. Embora recorram à utilização de elementos semelhantes, procura-se demonstrar que os dois conjuntos de materiais acabam por diferir entre si quanto aos seus limites ou, em outras palavras, quanto ao seu potencial de esclarecimento. Isto porque a influência que recebem da indústria cultural, materializada pela presença de elementos característicos desta última no material analisado, nos parece diversa, preponderando em relação às produções da mídia impressa / This research has the purpose of analyzing the potential of enlightenment in two groups of materials. The first one consists in an exposition about the nuclear attack to the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, composed by thirty panels with drawings, photographs, texts and graphics. The second group of materials consists in newspapers news recently published by the printed media referring to the atomic bomb. These news, in its turn, uses texts, photographs and graphics. From the contribution of the authors from Frankfurt School, in special Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse, the materials are analyzed taking into account the notions of working through the past, technical rationality and cultural industry. Although they resort to the utilization of similar elements, we try to demonstrate that the two groups of materials turn out to differ among themselves as to their limits or, in other words, as to their potential of enlightenment. This is explained by the diverse influence that they receive from the cultural industry, materialized by the presence of characteristic elements of the later in the analyzed material, which seems to us more prevalent in relation to the printed media productions

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anna Carolina de Almeida Scheuer.pdf: 994614 bytes, checksum: 156c6f00475c8a96e71d76d3ef2feb3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-28 / There are some clinical cases that compel the analyst to write about them as a means of working through the events experienced with a certain analysand. Thus, the present paperwork is, above all, the result of the analytical work with a boy and his family, considering the encounters and conflicts that we went through. A boy with a robotic way of walking, with a look that ran through anyone who stared at him and with serious problems of social interaction. During the sessions there were activities of pure, meaningless discharge, a toy house invaded by enemy warriors, lying down on the couch and sleeping soundly. A family who loved war games and movies, admired major dictators and listened to neo-Nazi songs. A German descent analyst trying to understand and to make sense of all these things. In order to try to understand the psychic way of functioning of this analysand and, to some extent, his family‟s as well as the contents that emerged during the analytical process, various concepts elaborated by Melanie Klein and the so-called post-Klein authors are used here as theoretical foundation. Furthermore, a detailed reflection on the way our analytic work was interrupted is presented, taking into consideration the complex short-circuit that came about in the transference and in the counter-transference. If, in the beginning, the identifications between the analyst and the analysand favored the establishment of the transference, they ended up severely obstructing the counter-transference. If we were supposedly alike, we eventually turned out to be totally different, it was no longer possible to keep on walking together. From this estrangement experienced in the analytic relationship, we take a further step to think about the dangerous chaining up between anguish upon facing the different, fear of the stranger/foreigner and, finally, hatred and urge to destroy him. For this purpose, the events that took place in Germany before and during World War II are used as illustrative examples / Há certos casos clínicos que convocam o analista a escrever como forma de elaborar psiquicamente as vivências experimentadas no trabalho com determinado analisando. Assim, o presente trabalho é fruto, acima de tudo, do encontro-desencontro analítico vivido no atendimento de um garoto e de sua família. Um menino com andar robótico, com um olhar que atravessava quem o mirava e com sérios problemas de interação social. Nas sessões, o que havia eram atividades de pura descarga sem sentido, uma casa de brinquedo invadida por guerreiros inimigos e deitar no divã e dormir profundamente. Uma família que adorava jogos e filmes de guerra, admirava grandes ditadores e escutava músicas neonazistas. Uma analista descendente de alemães, buscando entender e dar um lugar para tudo isso. Para tentar compreender o modo de funcionamento psíquico desse analisando e, em alguma medida, de sua família e os conteúdos que emergiram durante o processo analítico são utilizados aqui como referencial teórico diversos conceitos elaborados por Melanie Klein e pelos chamados autores pós-kleinianos. Além disso, é feita uma minuciosa reflexão sobre a maneira como o trabalho analítico foi interrompido, considerando o curto-circuito complexo que se formou na transferência e na contratransferência. Se, no início, as identificações entre analista e analisando facilitaram o estabelecimento da transferência, por fim, elas dificultaram muito a contratransferência. Se éramos supostamente iguais, passamos a ser totalmente diferentes, tornou-se impossível continuar caminhando juntos... A partir desse estranhamento experienciado na relação analítica, é dado um salto para pensar no perigoso encadeamento entre angústia perante o diferente, medo do estranho/estrangeiro e, por fim, ódio e desejo de destruí-lo. Para isso, os fenômenos ocorridos na Alemanha antes e durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial são tomados como exemplos ilustrativos

A presente pesquisa, de cunho teórico-bibliográfico, tem por objeto a posição filosófica de Adorno relacionada à possibilidade de emancipação. Pode-se constatar na Dialética da Aufklärung que a emancipação pretendida pelo pensamento do século XVIII aquela que prometeu progresso no conhecimento da natureza, aperfeiçoamento moral, emancipação social não se concretizou, pode-se também encontrar elementos que sustentariam ainda a busca por uma emancipação autêntica. Apesar de constante e justificada dúvida quanto ao ideal iluminista de emancipação através da razão, Adorno e Horkheimer parecem ainda confiar, de certo modo, na racionalidade. É esse certo modo o alvo da análise. Assim, temse como objetivo investigar as posições teóricas de Adorno quanto ao significado e às condições de possibilidade da emancipação humana, bem como investigar até que ponto a educação, a formação cultural e a experiência, realizando tais condições, poderiam contribuir para tal emancipação. Nesse sentido, questiona-se tanto o conceito adorniano de educação, em sua busca pela produção de uma consciência verdadeira, como o de formação cultural, enquanto a cultura tomada pelo lado de sua apropriação subjetiva, assim como o de experiência, como continuidade da consciência em que perdura o ainda não existente, que deságua, por fim, no de elaboração do passado, uma vez que o passado é uma experiência única. Para tanto, a pesquisa fundamenta-se nas próprias categorias da tradição filosófica da modernidade européia, assumidas e reelaboradas por Adorno e Horkheimer na constituição da Teoria Crítica. Tem-se, como principal base teórica, a Dialética da Aufklärung, escrita em conjunto com Horkheimer; os escritos desse sobre a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade; o livro Educação e Emancipação; bem como o ensaio Teoria da Semiformação, ambos de autoria de Adorno. Assim sendo, como metodologia optou-se pela leitura, análise e interpretação de fontes primárias do pensamento adorniano, com destaque para os textos supracitados e pela leitura e estudo de fontes secundárias com vistas a colher subsídios para a compreensão e explicação das posições de Adorno. A conclusão a que se chegou é que Adorno admite e considera possível, apesar de muito difícil e bastante improvável, outra emancipação. A educação e a formação cultural, através de um processo intenso, ininterrupto e infatigável de autoreflexão, poderiam refazer a possibilidade que no presente momento encontra-se obstruída de realização da experiência, contribuindo então para essa emancipação da humanidade. Ou seja, tal efetivação tem como pressuposto uma educação e uma formação cultural, reelaboradas a partir de sua própria autoreflexão. Sendo tanto a educação quanto a formação cultural dimensões do social, sua potencialidade é limitada, daí uma possível contribuição. A efetivação de uma emancipação autêntica dependeria de uma profunda transformação do todo social. / This research presents a bibliographic theoretical approach and assesses Adornos philosophical position regarding the possibility of emancipation. It is clear in the Dialektik der Aufklärung that the emancipation intended by the 18th-century thinking the one that promised progress in nature knowledge, moral improvement and social emancipation did not materialize, and that only some elements which would sustain a search for an authentic emancipation are present. Although there are doubts regarding the illuminist ideal of emancipation through reason, Adorno and Horkheimer keep their trust, to a certain point, in rationality. This certain point is the target of the analysis. The aim is to investigate Adornos theoretical position towards the possibility, meaning and conditions of human emancipation, and also to consider to what extent education, cultural formation and experience, fulfilling these conditions, contribute to such emancipation. In this sense, Adornos concept of education, searching the production of a true conscience, the cultural formation concept as the culture taken by its subjective appropriation, and the experience concept as the continuity of conscience in which the nonexistent lasts, are questioned, leading to the working through of the past concept, once the past is a unique experience. The research is based on the very own categories of the European philosophical tradition that Adorno and Horkheimer took and re-elaborated when constituting the Society Critical Theory. The main theoretical base is the Dialektik der Aufklärung, written together with Horkheimer; Horkheimers writings about the Society Critical Theory; the book Education and Emancipation; and the essay Theory of Self-Formation, the last two written by Adorno. As methodology were used reading, analysis and interpretation of Adornos thinking, the primary sources named above, and secondary sources that aim at supplementing the comprehension and explanations of Adornos positions. The conclusion is that Adorno admits and sees another emancipation as possible although very hard and unlikely. Education and cultural formation, through an intense, constant and restless self-thinking process, could bring the possibility that is now obstructed of realizing the experience, contributing therefore to humankinds emancipation. In conclusion, such a realization supposes education and cultural formation, re-elaborated from their own thinking. Because education and cultural formation are both social dimensions, the potential for emancipation is limited, therefore there is a possible contribution. The concretization of an authentic emancipation would require a profound transformation of the entire social order.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o potencial de esclarecimento de dois conjuntos de materiais. O primeiro consiste em uma exposição a respeito do ataque nuclear às cidades de Hiroshima e Nagasaki. Essa exposição é composta por 30 painéis contendo desenhos, fotografias, textos e gráficos. O segundo conjunto de materiais consiste em matérias jornalísticas recentemente publicadas pela mídia impressa a respeito da bomba atômica. Tais matérias, por sua vez, utilizam-se de textos, fotografias e gráficos. A partir de contribuição de autores vinculados à Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, em especial Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer e Herbert Marcuse, os materiais são analisados levando-se em conta as noções de elaboração do passado, racionalidade técnica e indústria cultural. Embora recorram à utilização de elementos semelhantes, procura-se demonstrar que os dois conjuntos de materiais acabam por diferir entre si quanto aos seus limites ou, em outras palavras, quanto ao seu potencial de esclarecimento. Isto porque a influência que recebem da indústria cultural, materializada pela presença de elementos característicos desta última no material analisado, nos parece diversa, preponderando em relação às produções da mídia impressa / This research has the purpose of analyzing the potential of enlightenment in two groups of materials. The first one consists in an exposition about the nuclear attack to the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, composed by thirty panels with drawings, photographs, texts and graphics. The second group of materials consists in newspapers news recently published by the printed media referring to the atomic bomb. These news, in its turn, uses texts, photographs and graphics. From the contribution of the authors from Frankfurt School, in special Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse, the materials are analyzed taking into account the notions of working through the past, technical rationality and cultural industry. Although they resort to the utilization of similar elements, we try to demonstrate that the two groups of materials turn out to differ among themselves as to their limits or, in other words, as to their potential of enlightenment. This is explained by the diverse influence that they receive from the cultural industry, materialized by the presence of characteristic elements of the later in the analyzed material, which seems to us more prevalent in relation to the printed media productions

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-51).

This dissertation examines how Philippine (or Filipino) authors emphasise the need for articulating or “re/membering” cultural identity. The researcher mainly draws from the theory of Caribbean critic, Stuart Hall, who views cultural identity as an articulation which allows “the fragmented, decentred human agent” to be considered as one who is both “subject-ed” by power but/and one who is capable of acting against those powers (Grossberg 1996 [1986]: 157, emphasis mine). Applied to the Philippine context, this writer argues that, instead of viewing an apparent fragmented Filipino identity as a hindrance to “defining” cultural identity, she views the “damaged” (Fallows 1987) Filipino history as a the material itself which allows articulation of identity. Instead of reducing the cultural identity of a people to what-they-could-have-been-had-history-not-intervened, she puts forward a vision of identity which attempts to transfigure these “damages” through the efforts of coming-to-terms with history. While this point of view has already been shared by other critics (such as Feria 1991 or Dalisay 1998:145), the author’s contribution lies in presenting re/membering to describe a specific type of articulation which neither permits one to deny wounds of the past nor stagnate in them. Moreover, re/membering allows one to understand continuous re-articulations of “new” identities (due to current migration), while putting an “arbitrary closure” (Hall) to simplistic re-articulations which may only further the “lines of tendential forces” (such as black or brown skin bias) or hegemonic practices. Written as such (with a slash),“re/membering” encapsulates the following three-fold meaning: (1) a “re-membering”, to indicate “a putting together of the dismembered past to make sense of the trauma of the present” (Bhabha 1994:63); as (2) a “re-membering” or a re-integration into a group and; as (3) “remembering” which implies possessing “memory or … set [ting] off in search of a memory” (Ricoeur 2004:4). As a morphological unit, “re/membering” designates, the ways in which Filipino authors try to articulate cultural identity through the routes of colonisation, migration and dictatorship. The authors studied in this thesis include: Carlos Bulosan, Bienvenido Santos, N.V.M. Gonzalez, Nick Joaquin, Frank Sionil José, Ninotchka Rosca, Jessica Hagedorn, and Merlinda Bobis. Sixty-years separate Bulosan’s America is in the Heart (1943) from Hagedorn’s Dream Jungle (2003). Analysis of these works reveals how articulation is both difficult and hopeful. On the one hand, authors criticize the lack of efforts and seriousness towards articulation of cultural identity as re/membering (coming to terms with the past, fostering belonging and cultivating memory). Not only is re/membering challenged by double-consciousness (Du Bois 1994), dismemberment and forgetting, moreover, its necessity is likewise hard to recognize because of pain, trauma, phenomena of splitting, escapist attitudes and preferences for a “comfortable captivity”. On the other hand, re/membering can also be described as hopeful by the way authors themselves make use of literature to articulate identity through research, dialogue, time, reconciliation and re-creation. Although painstaking and difficult, re/membering is important and necessary because what is at stake is an articulated Philippine cultural identity. However, who would be prepared to make the effort? ------ Cette thèse démontre que, pour les auteurs philippins, l’articulation ou « re/membering » l'identité culturelle, est nécessaire. Le chercheur s'appuie principalement sur la théorie de Stuart Hall, qui perçoit l'identité culturelle comme une articulation qui permet de considérer l’homme assujetti capable aussi d'agir contre des pouvoirs (cf. Grossberg 1996 [1986]: 157). Appliquée au contexte philippin, cet auteur soutient que, au lieu de la visualisation d'une identité fragmentée apparente comme un obstacle à une « définition » de l'identité culturelle, elle regarde l’histoire philippine «abîmée» (Fallows 1987) comme le matériel même qui permet l'articulation d’identité. Au lieu de réduire l'identité culturelle d'un peuple à ce qu’ ils auraint pû être avant les interventions de l’histoire, elle met en avant une vision de l'identité qui cherche à transfigurer ces "dommages" par un travail d’acceptation avec l'histoire. Bien que ce point de vue a déjà été partagé par d'autres critiques (tels que Feria 1991 ou Dalisay 1998:145), la contribution de l'auteur réside dans la présentation de « re/membering » pour décrire un type d'articulation sans refouler les plaies du passé, mais sans stagner en elles non plus. De plus, « re/membering » permet de comprendre de futures articulations de « nouvelles » identités culturelles (en raison de la migration en cours), tout en mettant une «fermeture arbitraire» (Hall) aux ré-articulations simplistes qui ne font que promouvoir des “lines of tendential forces” (Hall) (tels que des préjugés sur la couleur brune ou noire de peau) ou des pratiques hégémoniques. Rédigé en tant que telle (avec /), « re/membering » comporte une triple signification: (1) une «re-membering », pour indiquer une mise ensemble d’un passé fragmenté pour donner un sens au traumatisme du présent (cf. Bhabha, 1994:63); (2) une «re-membering» ou une ré-intégration dans un groupe et finalement, comme (3)"remembering", qui suppose la possession de mémoire ou une recherche d'une mémoire »(Ricoeur 2004:4). Comme unité morphologique, « re/membering » désigne la manière dont les auteurs philippins tentent d'articuler l'identité culturelle à travers les routes de la colonisation, les migrations et la dictature. Les auteurs inclus dans cette thèse sont: Carlos Bulosan, Bienvenido Santos, NVM Gonzalez, Nick Joaquin, Frank Sionil José, Ninotchka Rosca, Jessica Hagedorn, et Merlinda Bobis. Soixante ans séparent America is in the Heart (1943) du Bulosan et le Dream Jungle (2003) du Hagedorn. L'analyse de ces œuvres révèle la façon dont l'articulation est à la fois difficile et pleine d'espoir. D'une part, les auteurs critiquent le manque d'efforts envers l'articulation en tant que « re/membering » (confrontation avec le passé, reconnaissance de l'appartenance et cultivation de la mémoire). Non seulement est « re/membering » heurté par le double conscience (Du Bois 1994), le démembrement et l'oubli, en outre, sa nécessité est également difficile à reconnaître en raison de la douleur, les traumatismes, les phénomènes de scission, les attitudes et les préférences d'évasion pour une captivité "confortable" . En même temps, « re/membering » peut également être décrit comme plein d'espoir par la façon dont les auteurs eux-mêmes utilisent la littérature pour articuler l'identité à travers la recherche, le dialogue, la durée, la réconciliation et la re-création. Bien que laborieux et difficile, « re/membering » est important et nécessaire car ce qui est en jeu, c'est une identité culturelle articulée des Philippines. Mais qui serait prêt à l'effort?

This dissertation examines how Philippine (or Filipino) authors emphasise the need for articulating or “re/membering” cultural identity. The researcher mainly draws from the theory of Caribbean critic, Stuart Hall, who views cultural identity as an articulation which allows “the fragmented, decentred human agent” to be considered as one who is both “subject-ed” by power but/and one who is capable of acting against those powers (Grossberg 1996 [1986]: 157, emphasis mine). Applied to the Philippine context, this writer argues that, instead of viewing an apparent fragmented Filipino identity as a hindrance to “defining” cultural identity, she views the “damaged” (Fallows 1987) Filipino history as a the material itself which allows articulation of identity. Instead of reducing the cultural identity of a people to what-they-could-have-been-had-history-not-intervened, she puts forward a vision of identity which attempts to transfigure these “damages” through the efforts of coming-to-terms with history. While this point of view has already been shared by other critics (such as Feria 1991 or Dalisay 1998:145), the author’s contribution lies in presenting re/membering to describe a specific type of articulation which neither permits one to deny wounds of the past nor stagnate in them. Moreover, re/membering allows one to understand continuous re-articulations of “new” identities (due to current migration), while putting an “arbitrary closure” (Hall) to simplistic re-articulations which may only further the “lines of tendential forces” (such as black or brown skin bias) or hegemonic practices.<p><p>Written as such (with a slash),“re/membering” encapsulates the following three-fold meaning: (1) a “re-membering”, to indicate “a putting together of the dismembered past to make sense of the trauma of the present” (Bhabha 1994:63); as (2) a “re-membering” or a re-integration into a group and; as (3) “remembering” which implies possessing “memory or … set [ting] off in search of a memory” (Ricoeur 2004:4). As a morphological unit, “re/membering” designates, the ways in which Filipino authors try to articulate cultural identity through the routes of colonisation, migration and dictatorship. <p><p>The authors studied in this thesis include: Carlos Bulosan, Bienvenido Santos, N.V.M. Gonzalez, Nick Joaquin, Frank Sionil José, Ninotchka Rosca, Jessica Hagedorn, and Merlinda Bobis. Sixty-years separate Bulosan’s America is in the Heart (1943) from Hagedorn’s Dream Jungle (2003). Analysis of these works reveals how articulation is both difficult and hopeful. On the one hand, authors criticize the lack of efforts and seriousness towards articulation of cultural identity as re/membering (coming to terms with the past, fostering belonging and cultivating memory). Not only is re/membering challenged by double-consciousness (Du Bois 1994), dismemberment and forgetting, moreover, its necessity is likewise hard to recognize because of pain, trauma, phenomena of splitting, escapist attitudes and preferences for a “comfortable captivity”. <p><p>On the other hand, re/membering can also be described as hopeful by the way authors themselves make use of literature to articulate identity through research, dialogue, time, reconciliation and re-creation. Although painstaking and difficult, re/membering is important and necessary because what is at stake is an articulated Philippine cultural identity. However, who would be prepared to make the effort?<p>------<p><p>Cette thèse démontre que, pour les auteurs philippins, l’articulation ou « re/membering » l'identité culturelle, est nécessaire. Le chercheur s'appuie principalement sur la théorie de Stuart Hall, qui perçoit l'identité culturelle comme une articulation qui permet de considérer l’homme assujetti capable aussi d'agir contre des pouvoirs (cf. Grossberg 1996 [1986]: 157). Appliquée au contexte philippin, cet auteur soutient que, au lieu de la visualisation d'une identité fragmentée apparente comme un obstacle à une « définition » de l'identité culturelle, elle regarde l’histoire philippine «abîmée» (Fallows 1987) comme le matériel même qui permet l'articulation d’identité. Au lieu de réduire l'identité culturelle d'un peuple à ce qu’ ils auraint pû être avant les interventions de l’histoire, elle met en avant une vision de l'identité qui cherche à transfigurer ces "dommages" par un travail d’acceptation avec l'histoire. <p><p>Bien que ce point de vue a déjà été partagé par d'autres critiques (tels que Feria 1991 ou Dalisay 1998:145), la contribution de l'auteur réside dans la présentation de « re/membering » pour décrire un type d'articulation sans refouler les plaies du passé, mais sans stagner en elles non plus. De plus, « re/membering » permet de comprendre de futures articulations de « nouvelles » identités culturelles (en raison de la migration en cours), tout en mettant une «fermeture arbitraire» (Hall) aux ré-articulations simplistes qui ne font que promouvoir des “lines of tendential forces” (Hall) (tels que des préjugés sur la couleur brune ou noire de peau) ou des pratiques hégémoniques.<p><p>Rédigé en tant que telle (avec /), « re/membering » comporte une triple signification: (1) une «re-membering », pour indiquer une mise ensemble d’un passé fragmenté pour donner un sens au traumatisme du présent (cf. Bhabha, 1994:63); (2) une «re-membering» ou une ré-intégration dans un groupe et finalement, comme (3)"remembering", qui suppose la possession de mémoire ou une recherche d'une mémoire »(Ricoeur 2004:4). Comme unité morphologique, « re/membering » désigne la manière dont les auteurs philippins tentent d'articuler l'identité culturelle à travers les routes de la colonisation, les migrations et la dictature. <p><p>Les auteurs inclus dans cette thèse sont: Carlos Bulosan, Bienvenido Santos, NVM Gonzalez, Nick Joaquin, Frank Sionil José, Ninotchka Rosca, Jessica Hagedorn, et Merlinda Bobis. Soixante ans séparent America is in the Heart (1943) du Bulosan et le Dream Jungle (2003) du Hagedorn. L'analyse de ces œuvres révèle la façon dont l'articulation est à la fois difficile et pleine d'espoir. D'une part, les auteurs critiquent le manque d'efforts envers l'articulation en tant que « re/membering » (confrontation avec le passé, reconnaissance de l'appartenance et cultivation de la mémoire). Non seulement est « re/membering » heurté par le double conscience (Du Bois 1994), le démembrement et l'oubli, en outre, sa nécessité est également difficile à reconnaître en raison de la douleur, les traumatismes, les phénomènes de scission, les attitudes et les préférences d'évasion pour une captivité "confortable" .<p><p>En même temps, « re/membering » peut également être décrit comme plein d'espoir par la façon dont les auteurs eux-mêmes utilisent la littérature pour articuler l'identité à travers la recherche, le dialogue, la durée, la réconciliation et la re-création. Bien que laborieux et difficile, « re/membering » est important et nécessaire car ce qui est en jeu, c'est une identité culturelle articulée des Philippines. Mais qui serait prêt à l'effort? <p> / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished