Research conducted in the readability of texts shows that there is an extensive problem with learners' of all phases academic skills in terms of reading comprehension and insight into writing texts in accordance with generally accepted academic standards. It is important that sufficient attention and research are devoted to possible solutions to this problem, since various theorists have found that effective reading and writing skills are of great importance for learners' academic progress and achievement. A reason for this is that most academic material that is made available to learners appear in written format, and that learners have to report on their knowledge in the same format. Although educational institutions formulate academic texts (of which study guides form part) with a high readability level, the current study investigates some problems and shortcomings that appear in study guides. If the readability of the mentioned study material is increased in light of text linguistic insights, learners should have greater accessibility to the textual content, which could impact positively on academic achievement. With the above mentioned in mind, this study focuses on a text linguistic approach to investigating the readability of study guides which are written for first-year learners at a tertiary institution. The main problem addresses how lexical cohesive devices and conjunction markers can be included as part of a text linguistic approach to writing study guides, and how this can be used by authors of study guides in practice as a tool to increase the efficiency of the writing process. The research is conducted on the basis of various theories, which include Systemic Functional Linguistics, Halliday and Hasan's Cohesion theory and Stotsky's adaptation thereof for written academic texts, as well as Hyland's theory about academic metadiscourse. Applicable insights regarding text linguistic criteria for writing academic texts, which are identified through this literature study, are converted into a framework for text analysis and then implemented to investigate the effective use of specific textual markers in the obtained study guides. This will be done in a descriptive and primarily qualitative manner. Ten Afrikaans study guides, pertaining to diverse subject groups, and which were recently used at a tertiary institution as introductory study guides for first-year learners, form the data of this study. In order to conduct a reliable investigation, the data is analised procedurally (with reference to the mentioned text analytical model) by hand and also using WordSmith Tools. Based on both the literature study and the text analysis, guidelines that can be used when writing Afrikaans study guides are formulated from a text linguistic point of view. These guidelines may be used to supplement the existing guide used by writers of study guides at the particular institution. The possibility also exists that these guidelines can be used to improve and standardise the quality and readability of the mentioned learning material. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

The concept of game development has traditionally not implemented the skills of professional writers to develop the scripts for a computer game. However, due to the growth in complexity and size of the computer game development process, as well as the growing teams of people involved in the development of computer games, the need to employ skilled writers has emerged in modern computer game development. It has, however, become clear that the role of the writer within the collaborative game development process is still ill-defined. And therefore, the writer who wishes to start writing for the games industry, is faced with a great deal of obstacles. It was therefore deemed necessary to develop a script development model for the creation of computer games that can assist the writer of a computer game by means of thorough guidance. The aim of this research project is therefore to develop such a model. The first step towards the establishment of a script development model, would be to determine the position of the writer in the collaborative game production communication process. In order to establish this, a communication model was developed for the communication process of the computer game development process, based on Roman Jakobson's communication model. After the position of the writer in the communication process was established, a game development model was developed to determine the position of the writer within the entire game development process. This was done so that the functions and responsibilities of the writer - within a greater collaborative development process - could be determined. This model was developed based on existing software development models, as well as two different models from the games industry that focus on different aspects within the game development process. With the position, functions and responsibilities of the writer determined, it was possible to postulate a script development model for the creation of computer games. This model was developed with an emphasis on the game context, creative strategies and analytical frameworks available to the writer. Furthermore guidelines were provided on the actual scripting of the computer game script, based on elements from drama theory. To test the script development model, a non-functional prototype (thin-slice) computer game script was developed based on the Fritz Deelman-series (Leon Rousseau). The script development model was used as guideline to establish whether the script development model could in future be used to develop a full-scale, implementable computer game script. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The Argonauts is a one hundred and ten minute screenplay depicted in the genre of children's adventure film, set in the suburbs of Brisbane in the early 1990s. It tells the story of four friends who embark on adventure in an attempt to save their parents' shops from a corporate takeover. The exegesis explores the dual role of the screenwriter/director and the affect on the screenplay of the shifts in mindset required when these roles are undertaken by the same person. Screenwriting and directing are explored as two separate but interlinked disciplines. In this paper I have draw on my experience in these two roles to discuss their inter-relationship. In order to understand how the two roles of screenwriting and directing interact, challenge and compliment one another when carried out by the same person, I analyse the interplay of these roles within the specific areas of character, narrative and setting in the writing and revision of the screenplay, The Argonauts.

This study, in its exploration of the attached play scripts and their method of development, evaluates the forms, strategies, and methods of an organised model of formalised playwriting. Through the examination, reflection and reaction to a perceived crisis in playwriting in the Australian theatre sector, the notion of Industrial Playwriting is arrived at: a practice whereby plays are designed and constructed, and where the process of writing becomes central to the efficient creation of new work and the improvement of the writer’s skill and knowledge base. Using a practice-led methodology and action research the study examines a system of play construction appropriate to and addressing the challenges of the contemporary Australian theatre sector. Specifically, using the action research methodology known as design-based research a conceptual framework was constructed to form the basis of the notion of Industrial Playwriting. From this two plays were constructed using a case study method and the process recorded and used to create a practical, step-by-step system of Industrial Playwriting. In the creative practice of manufacturing a single authored play, and then a group-devised play, Industrial Playwriting was tested and found to also offer a valid alternative approach to playwriting in the training of new and even emerging playwrights. Finally, it offered insight into how Industrial Playwriting could be used to greatly facilitate theatre companies’ ongoing need to have access to new writers and new Australian works, and how it might form the basis of a cost effective writer development model. This study of the methods of formalised writing as a means to confront some of the challenges of the Australian theatre sector, the practice of playwriting and the history associated with it, makes an original and important contribution to contemporary playwriting practice.

The goal of this master´s thesis is to describe individual characters, especially the main characters, in selected prose of the well-known Czech writer Ladislav Fuks. This thesis will be primarily focused on the unusual behavior, peciliarities, features and the character of the protagonists. The biographical part of the thesis will be focused on the author´s personality and lifestyle. The bibliographical part will be focused on a detailed analysis of the protagonists in selected titles. More than ten characters will be compared. The primary method used in this thesis will be: analysis, interpretation, along with the use of the description and confrontation of the individual protagonists. The prime benefit of this thesis lies in a more detailed description and comparison of the behavior and character of the individual figures.

Deux écrivaines méridionales, insulaires et de même génération, Marie Susini et Maria Giacobbe, ont écrit à l’étranger au sujet de leur île : la Corse et la Sardaigne. Chaque auteure s’est réapproprié, par sa plume et son imaginaire exacerbé par l’éloignement, l’Ithaque natale qu’elle a quittée. L’étude des conditions de la genèse de l’écriture, ainsi que l’analyse des formes et des thématiques des écrits liées au fait de “revisiter” constamment l’île, constituent les enjeux principaux de cette recherche. Si le comparatisme poussera plus loin ses investigations, par des confrontations avec les critères de Margherita Marras et des comparaisons avec des textes d’autres auteurs insulaires et non insulaires, le questionnement concernant le parcours identitaire des écrivaines toutefois demeure. Qu’est-ce qu’un écrivain insulaire ? Qu’est-ce que l’écriture de l’île ? / Marie Susini and Maria Giacobbe, two female writers who were born in two islands of the Mediterranean - Corsica and Sardinia - and belonged to the same generation, have written about their native islands while they were abroad. Through her imagination exacerbated by the distance, each of them has recaptured her native Ithaca. The main object of this research is to study the genesis of their writing, the analysis of forms and themes connected to their constant interior “revisitation”. A comparative approach will further examine the text through the critical standards of Margherita Marras, and comparisons with the texts of other authors, whether they are insular or not. What is basically at stake is the question of identity: what is an insular writer? What does writing about an island consist in?

Nesse trabalho buscamos entender as reflexões de Sartre sobre o lugar e a função possível do intelectual na situação histórica do século XX. Essas reflexões estão dispersas por toda sua obra, já que constituem uma tentativa de refletir sobre sua própria posição. No entanto, nos limites dessa dissertação nos detivemos principalmente nas duas obras que mais explicitamente tematizam a questão de forma sistemática: O que é Literatura, escrito em 1947, resultado da junção de quatro ensaios publicados inicialmente na revista Les Temps Modernes, e Em defesa dos intelectuais, também resultado da junção de três conferências proferidas no Japão em 1965. Para compreender o tema que nos propusemos cumpre então nos deter principalmente nas reflexões sobre o surgimento da noção de intelectual a partir da contradição de seu lugar social e histórico e de sua função, nos fins do século XIX e no século XX, na noção de engajamento dos homens em geral, do escritor e do intelectual, em particular, e suas relações com os conceitos de desvelamento de verdade, de dialética e de história. A dissertação desenvolve-se então em três partes. Na primeira, visamos reconstituir o surgimento do problema em torno da idéia de uma função prática do intelectual, retomando seu modelo ideal no século XVIII e as questões surgidas no século XIX a partir da concepção marxista de ideologia e seu desenvolvimento no pensamento de Gramsci, além de expor a concepção de Sartre sobre a situação que faz emergir a figura do intelectual propriamente dito em fins do século XIX a partir de uma situação histórica determinada que o define por uma contradição interna que expressa a dilaceração das sociedades capitalistas do século XX. Na segunda parte, buscamos esclarecer a noção de engajamento em Sartre que diz respeito à condição ontológica de todos os homens, mas adquire contornos específicos nas figuras do escritor (de prosa) e do intelectual, que se propõem a um empreendimento de comunicação de seu desvelamento da verdade e da realidade histórica para a libertação dos homens (já ontológicamente livres). Para tal, ainda será preciso esclarecer o modo específico desse engajamento pela análise da linguagem e as relações das noções de escritor e intelectual. Enfim, na terceira parte, propomos relacionar a discussão teórica sobre o intelectual com a prática concreta de Sartre como um exemplo de intelectual engajado, a partir somente de alguns poucos empreendimentos que jugamos exemplares de sua ação como um todo. / This work seeks to understand Sartres thought about the place and the possible function of the intellectual of the twentieth century. This theme can be found in the Sartres whole work, because is a way to think about own his situation. However, in this present work, we restrict the analyses to only a couple of books: What is literature? (1947) and Plaidoyer pour les intellectuels (1965). These books deal with the question of the intellectual systematically. The first book was published like four essays in the review Modern Times. The second book was a group of three lectures in Japan. To understand our theme is necessary to focus the question of the emergence of the intellectual and his social and historical contradiction. The development of the subject refers from end of nineteenth century to twentieth century. The theme also deals with notion of engagement of the men and, particularly, of the writer and the intellectual. This notion of the engagement should be treated in group with others notions as disclosure of the truth, dialectic and history. This work has three parts. The first part accosts the origin of the question by practice function of the intellectual. The central point is the approach of the pattern of the intellectual in eighteenth century and the new questions about this as from the conception of Marxist ideology in the nineteenth century and its development in Gramscis thought. Another point of the problem is the Sartres analyses about the historical situation for the emergence of the intellectual like a being of intern contradictions (self-contradictions), as an expression of a broken capitalist society. The second part seeks to enlighten the notion of engagement in Sartre. This notion concerns to ontological condition of the men, but it has specific aspects in the figures of the writer (prose) and intellectual. These figures try a disclosure of the truth and the historical situation to free the men (men are always free in ontological sense). For this goal, this work will do a study of the notion of engagement, analyzing the language and the writer and the intellectual. The last part will study the relation between the theoretical notion of intellectual in Sartre and his own condition of engaged intellectual. Thus, this work will emphasize some examples of Sartres action like an engaged intellectual.

Orientador: Antonio Alcir Bernárdez Pécora / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T22:34:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Purceno_Sonia_D.pdf: 8845454 bytes, checksum: 9c4c445aa2340af018082f7223681e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo da tese é mostrar o potencial dramático do escritor anti-herói representado na obra de Hilda Hilst (1930-2004), particularmente em "Fluxo" - primeiro texto do primeiro livro em prosa: Fluxo-Floema (1970). O bloco original de prosa degenerada, poética e violentamente humorística, é estruturado de forma não convencional e omite: pontuação esclarecedora, origem das elocuções, localizações espaciais, temporais e marcação de personagens - além de trazer um escritor-narrador-personagem que se confunde com o texto criado por ele. Entre a Introdução e a Conclusão, este trabalho cria um miolo como adaptação teatral em seis atos, somando 35 cenas - nas quais, as falas são distribuídas às personae do artista persona-personae. Afora os recortes e a atribuição das vozes, absolutamente nada é mexido no texto de Hilda: centro da argumentação. Cada cena, após esforço de sistematização sinóptica, é analisada individualmente, evidenciando o processo metaliterário de criação em fluxo e queda textual. As noções hilstianas, de dentro e coexistência, são aproximadas à radicalização das categorias, experiência interior e comunicação, de Georges Bataille - todas minadas pela dramaticidade irônica, dilacerante, que caracteriza a obra da autora: colada ao conceito mordaz de humorismo de Pirandello. Problematiza-se, drasticamente, a leitura da categoria humorismo na linguagem corrente brasileira, ao se mostrar a humorista Hilda Hilst cruzando sua literatura com a ficção aterradora de Samuel Beckett. Desta forma, o escritor persona-personae de "Fluxo" resiste às determinações do destino (encarceramento em si, coexistência e morte), fraturando-se em trindade, quaternidade e multidão; pratica sua dramaticidade como embuste cômico que exibe aos leitores, a partir de sua torre de capim textual, a linguagem poética que recusa o projeto, é sacrifício em ato / Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to display the dramatic potential of the antihero writer as represented in Hilda Hilst's oeuvre, especially in "Fluxo" ("Flow") - the first text from her first prose book: Fluxo-Floema (1970). The original block of degenerate prose, poetic and violently humorous, is structured in an unconventional way, omitting clarifying punctuation, the origin of the elocutions, spatial and temporal locations and characters' definitions, and also presenting a writer-narrator character who gets confused with the text he has created. Between the Introduction and the Conclusion, this thesis constitutes the core of a theatrical adaptation in six acts of the aforementioned text, totalizing 35 scenes. Besides all the cuts and attributions of voices, absolutely nothing is altered from Hilda's original text - which is the core of the argumentation. Each scene, after an attempt at a synoptic systematization, is individually analyzed, evidencing the metaliterary process of creation in textual flow and fall. Hilst's notions 'of the inside experience' and coexistence are likened to George Bataille's categories radicalization of inner experience and communication, all of them undermined by the ironic and lacerating dramaticity of the author - coalesced with Pirandello's mordant concept of humor. The concept of humor in the usual Brazilian Portuguese is drastically problematized by showing Hilst the humorist intercrossing her own writing with Samuel Beckett's terrifying fiction. Thus, the persona-personae 'writer' in "Fluxo" resists fate's determinations (self-imprisonment, coexistence and death), fracturing itself into trinity, quaternary and multitude, and practices its dramaticity as a comic hoax which exhibits to the readers, from the writer's textual grass tower, the poetic language that refuses the project, being a sacrifice in action / Doutorado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Doutora em Teoria e História Literária

Det finns flera fördelar med att digitalisera företagets affärsdokument; bland dessa kan nämnas minskade utrymmeskostnader och lättare delning av information. En process som inte sällan utgör en del av det elektroniska dokumenthanteringssystemet är hanteringen av dokumentmallar – området som detta examensarbete kommer att fokusera på. Att på ett enkelt och smidigt sätt kunna förena data från ett affärssystem med en passande dokumentmall (kanske i form av en serverkomponent) och, baserat på denna process, generera t.ex. en faktura eller plocklista är något som varje elektroniskt dokumenthanteringssystem värt namnet borde kunna. Men är man tvungen att alltid behöva förlita sig på stängda (ofta kostsamma), proprietära lösningar, eller finns det ett annat sätt? I och med detta examensarbete demonstrerar jag hur man kan utveckla just en sådan lösning; ett program som förenar XML-data med en dokumentmall som har utformats i kontorssviten OpenOffice.org – den öppna kontorssviten.

The Thesis entitled "The Personality and Work of the Author of the Non fiction literature in the Media and the Socio-Political Metamorphoses of the Time" describes the influence of the various aspects of the communication process and its development (changes of the socio-political situation and the non fiction literature itself) in relation to the publicist, writer, historian and translator Karel Richter. He lived through the 1960s, the period of "normalisation" and the 1990s, when the market economy witnessed a rapid development - including the publishing sector. The work describes the metamorphosis of the communication process in retrieving information, the pursuit of political communication in relation to the non fiction literature and other aspects of this genre of the author's works. It focuses on the political and economic influences, which affected Richter's work, and the influence of his work in the media back on him. The Thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part sums up scientific works written about the non fiction literature genre. In his own analyses Richter, too, tries to characterize the genre and its basic problem, which rests in non-established and diverse definitions often contradicting each other. This chapter also sums up the development of...