Följande är en kvalitativ studie som analyserar bloggskribenter och bloggläsare. Studiens syfteär att undersöka hur presentationen av ett inlägg på en blogg och relationen som en bloggläsarehar till bloggskribenten kan påverka bloggläsarens konsumtion. Vidare syftar studien till attbidra till en bättre förståelse av bloggfenomenet och dess effekt på generationen millenierna,personer födda under år 1991-1998.Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer på millenierna och insamlad teori är slutsatsen attpresentationen av ett blogginlägg och relationen som bloggläsaren har till bloggskribenten haren stor påverkan på deras konsumtion. Relationen är enligt bloggläsaren grundat på vissafaktorer samt så har presentationen av ett inlägg en påverkan på läsarens konsumtion. Dettaanalyseras i studiens diskussion och avslutas med förslag till vidare forskning inom ämnet. / The following study is a qualitative analysis between blog writers and blog readers. Thepurpose of this study is to investigate how the presentation of post on blogs and the relationshipthe blog readers have to the blog author can affect blog reader’s consumption. This willcontribute to a better understanding for the blog phenomena and its effect on the generationmillennial, born between 1991-1998.By semi-structured interviews on millennial and gathered information from academic literaturea conclusion have been made that the presentation of a post and the relationship the blog readershave to the blog author have a big impact on the behaviour for consumption. Furthermore therelationship is being established on some conditions, by the reader’s point of view. How well apost will affect a reader is based on how posts are presented in the blog by the author. This isbeing analysed and discussed in this study. We finish the study with proposals for furtherresearch in this subject

This graduation thesis is focused on the children's magazine "Mladý hlasatel", which was published by "Melantrich" publishing house during 1935-1941, and his role from September 1937 to September 1938. This thesis would like to analyse principal aspects of its history, especially its influence on readers' interest in issues of active national and state defence. The branches of this analysis are these: current news, belletristic, instructional and educational articles. It also tried to describe the relationship between "Mladý hlasatel" and the other newaspapers and magazines published by "Melantrich", to compile the c. v. of Břetislav Mencák, editor of "Mladý hlasatel". At the same time it found and rebutted many mistakes and inaccuracies, which were unknown. It essentially made visual available this otherwise hard accessible magazine. This thesis would like to be a contribution to the history of "Mladý hlasatel", and to the history of Czech children's magazines and point to the neglected problem of a children's role and potentialities during the Czechoslovak crisis 1938.

Ziele wie eine hohe Auflösung und ein hoher Durchsatz sind bisher in der Elektronenstrahllithografie nicht gleichzeitig erreichbar; es existieren daher die Belichtungskonzepte Gaussian-Beam und Variable-Shaped-Beam (VSB), die auf Hochauflösung respektive Durchsatz optimiert sind. In dieser Arbeit wird der experimentelle Kreuzvergleich beider Belichtungskonzepte mit Hilfe chemisch verstärkter und nicht verstärkter Lacksysteme präsentiert. Als quantitativer Parameter wurde die Gesamtunschärfe eingeführt, die sich durch quadratische Addition der auflösungslimitierenden Fehlerquellen, also Coulomb-Wechselwirkungen (Strahlunschärfe), Lackprozess (Prozessunschärfe) und Proximity-Effekt (Streuunschärfe), ergibt. Für den Vergleich wurden wohldefinierte Prozesse auf 300 mm Wafern entwickelt und umfassend charakterisiert. Weitere Grundlage ist die Anpassung oder Neuentwicklung spezieller Methoden wie Kontrast- und Basedosebestimmung, Doughnut-Test, Isofokal-Dosis-Methode für Linienbreiten und Linienrauheit sowie die Bestimmung der Gesamtunschärfe unter Variation des Fokus. Es wird demonstriert, dass sich mit einer kleineren Gesamtunschärfe die Auflösung dichter Linien verbessert. Der direkte Vergleich der Gesamtunschärfen beider Belichtungskonzepte wird durch die variable Strahlunschärfe bei VSB-Schreibern erschwert. Da für die Bestimmung der Gesamtunschärfe keine Hochauflösung nötig ist, wird das Testpattern mit größeren Shots belichtet und induziert somit eine größere Gesamtunschärfe. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Prozessunschärfe den größten Anteil der Gesamtunschärfe stellt. Außerdem spielt die Streuunschärfe bei Lackdicken kleiner 100 nm und Beschleunigungsspannungen von 50 kV oder größer keine Rolle.:Titelblatt Kurzfassung / Abstract 1 Motivation 2 Grundsätze und Fragestellungen der Elektronenstrahllithografie 2.1 Wirkprinzipien der Elektronenoptik 2.1.1 Köhlersche Beleuchtung 2.1.2 Linsenfehler 2.1.3 Raumladung, Coulomb-Wechselwirkungen und Strahlunschärfe 2.2 Proximity-Effekt 2.2.1 Streuprinzipien der Wechselwirkung Elektron-Materie 2.2.2 Strukturdefinition, Proximity-Effekt-Korrektur und Streuunschärfe 2.3 Lackeigenschaften und Lackchemie 2.3.1 Tonalität und Prozessierung 2.3.2 Kontrast und Empfindlichkeit 2.3.3 Chemisch nicht verstärkte Lacke 2.3.4 Chemisch verstärkte Lacke 2.3.5 Prozessunschärfe 2.4 Auflösung 2.4.1 Prinzip von Gaussian-Beam und Variable-Shaped Beam 2.4.2 Aufbau, Strahlengang, Intensitätsprofil und Auflösung beider Belichtungskonzepte 2.4.3 Messtechnische Bestimmung der Auflösung 2.4.4 Schlussfolgerung für die Auflösung und Definition der Gesamtunschärfe 3 Prozessentwicklung und -charakterisierung 3.1 Chemisch verstärkte Negativlacke einer Lackserie 3.1.1 Vergleich der Schichtdicken und -nonuniformitäten 3.1.2 Vergleich der Kontrastkurven und Charakteristika 3.1.3 Entwicklungseinfluss auf Kontrastkurven und Linienbreiten 3.1.4 Vergleichende Backempfindlichkeiten bezüglich PAB und PEB 3.1.5 Auswahl von Prozess und nCAR3 für weitere Experimente 3.1.6 Struktur des Lackmaterials und FTIR-Untersuchungen des nCAR3 3.2 HSQ als chemisch nicht verstärkter Lack 3.2.1 Prozessierung 3.2.2 Schichtdicken und -nonuniformitäten 3.2.3 Einfluss der Entwicklung und der Wartezeit nach dem Belacken auf Kontrastkurven und Auflösung 3.2.4 Einfluss der Schichtdicke auf Kontrastkurven und Basedose 3.2.5 Mögliche Temperaturschritte 3.2.6 Auflösung 3.2.7 Struktur, Reaktion und grundlegende FTIR-Untersuchungen 4 Methodenentwicklung für späteren Vergleich 4.1 Kontrastbestimmung 4.2 Definition der Basedose und deren Bestimmung 4.3 Bestimmung der Modulationstransferfunktion 4.4 Doughnut-Test zur Rückstreuparameterbestimmung 4.5 Isofokal-Dosis-Methode 4.6 Erweiterte Isofokal-Dosis-Methode zur Bestimmung der Gesamtunschärfe unter Variation des Fokus 5 Experimenteller Kreuzvergleich 5.1 Prozessbedingungen für nCAR3 und HSQ 5.2 Prozessvergleich: Kontrast, Basedose, Prozessbreite 5.3 Isofokal-Dosis-Methode angewendet auf Linienbreite, Auflösung und Linienrauheit 5.4 Bestimmung der Gesamtunschärfe 5.5 Doughnut-Test für Variable-Shaped-Beam-Schreiber 5.6 Vergleich der Modulationstransferfunktionen 5.7 Auflösung isolierter und dichter Linien 5.8 Interpretation und Verknüpfung der experimentellen Ergebnisse 6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Abkürzungen Formelzeichen und Symbole Literaturverzeichnis Veröffentlichungen Danksagung Lebenslauf / Up to now, targets like high resolution and high throughput can not be achieved at the same time in electron beam lithography; therefore, the exposure concepts Gaussian-Beam and Variable-Shaped-Beam (VSB) exist, which are optimized for high resolution and throughput, respectively. In this work, the experimental cross-comparison of both exposure concepts is presented using chemically amplified and non-chemically amplified resist systems. For quantification the total blur parameter has been introduced, which is the result of the quadratic addition of the resolution limiting error sources, like Coulomb interactions (beam blur), resist process (process blur) and proximity-effect (scatter blur). For the comparison, well-defined processes have been developed on 300 mm wafers and were fully characterized. Further basis is the adaption or the new development of special methods like the determination of contrast and basedose, the doughnut-test, the isofocal-dose-method for line widths and line roughness as well as the determination of the total blur with variation of the focus. It is demonstrated, that the resolution of dense lines is improved with a smaller total blur. The direct comparison of the total blur values of both exposure concepts is complicated by the variable beam blur of VSB writers. Since high resolution is not needed for the determination of the total blur, the test pattern is exposed with larger shots on the VSB writer, which induces a larger total blur. It is shown that the process blur makes the largest fraction of the total blur. The scatter blur is irrelevant using resist thicknesses smaller than 100 nm and acceleration voltages of 50 kV or larger.:Titelblatt Kurzfassung / Abstract 1 Motivation 2 Grundsätze und Fragestellungen der Elektronenstrahllithografie 2.1 Wirkprinzipien der Elektronenoptik 2.1.1 Köhlersche Beleuchtung 2.1.2 Linsenfehler 2.1.3 Raumladung, Coulomb-Wechselwirkungen und Strahlunschärfe 2.2 Proximity-Effekt 2.2.1 Streuprinzipien der Wechselwirkung Elektron-Materie 2.2.2 Strukturdefinition, Proximity-Effekt-Korrektur und Streuunschärfe 2.3 Lackeigenschaften und Lackchemie 2.3.1 Tonalität und Prozessierung 2.3.2 Kontrast und Empfindlichkeit 2.3.3 Chemisch nicht verstärkte Lacke 2.3.4 Chemisch verstärkte Lacke 2.3.5 Prozessunschärfe 2.4 Auflösung 2.4.1 Prinzip von Gaussian-Beam und Variable-Shaped Beam 2.4.2 Aufbau, Strahlengang, Intensitätsprofil und Auflösung beider Belichtungskonzepte 2.4.3 Messtechnische Bestimmung der Auflösung 2.4.4 Schlussfolgerung für die Auflösung und Definition der Gesamtunschärfe 3 Prozessentwicklung und -charakterisierung 3.1 Chemisch verstärkte Negativlacke einer Lackserie 3.1.1 Vergleich der Schichtdicken und -nonuniformitäten 3.1.2 Vergleich der Kontrastkurven und Charakteristika 3.1.3 Entwicklungseinfluss auf Kontrastkurven und Linienbreiten 3.1.4 Vergleichende Backempfindlichkeiten bezüglich PAB und PEB 3.1.5 Auswahl von Prozess und nCAR3 für weitere Experimente 3.1.6 Struktur des Lackmaterials und FTIR-Untersuchungen des nCAR3 3.2 HSQ als chemisch nicht verstärkter Lack 3.2.1 Prozessierung 3.2.2 Schichtdicken und -nonuniformitäten 3.2.3 Einfluss der Entwicklung und der Wartezeit nach dem Belacken auf Kontrastkurven und Auflösung 3.2.4 Einfluss der Schichtdicke auf Kontrastkurven und Basedose 3.2.5 Mögliche Temperaturschritte 3.2.6 Auflösung 3.2.7 Struktur, Reaktion und grundlegende FTIR-Untersuchungen 4 Methodenentwicklung für späteren Vergleich 4.1 Kontrastbestimmung 4.2 Definition der Basedose und deren Bestimmung 4.3 Bestimmung der Modulationstransferfunktion 4.4 Doughnut-Test zur Rückstreuparameterbestimmung 4.5 Isofokal-Dosis-Methode 4.6 Erweiterte Isofokal-Dosis-Methode zur Bestimmung der Gesamtunschärfe unter Variation des Fokus 5 Experimenteller Kreuzvergleich 5.1 Prozessbedingungen für nCAR3 und HSQ 5.2 Prozessvergleich: Kontrast, Basedose, Prozessbreite 5.3 Isofokal-Dosis-Methode angewendet auf Linienbreite, Auflösung und Linienrauheit 5.4 Bestimmung der Gesamtunschärfe 5.5 Doughnut-Test für Variable-Shaped-Beam-Schreiber 5.6 Vergleich der Modulationstransferfunktionen 5.7 Auflösung isolierter und dichter Linien 5.8 Interpretation und Verknüpfung der experimentellen Ergebnisse 6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Abkürzungen Formelzeichen und Symbole Literaturverzeichnis Veröffentlichungen Danksagung Lebenslauf

Block characters are often used when filling out forms, for example when writing ones personal number. The question of whether or not there is recoverable, biometric (identity related) information within individual digits of hand written personal numbers is then relevant. This thesis investigates the question by using both handcrafted features and extracting features via Deep learning (DL) models, and successively limiting the amount of available training samples. Some recent works using DL have presented semi-supervised methods using Generative adveserial network (GAN) generated data together with a modified Label smoothing regularization (LSR) function. Using this training method might improve performance on a baseline fully supervised model when doing authentication. This work additionally proposes a novel modified LSR function named Bootstrap label smooting regularizer (BLSR) designed to mitigate some of the problems of previous methods, and is compared to the others. The DL feature extraction is done by training a ResNet50 model to recognize writers of a personal numbers and then extracting the feature vector from the second to last layer of the network.Results show a clear indication of recoverable identity related information within the hand written (personal number) digits in boxes. Our results indicate an authentication performance, expressed in Equal error rate (EER), of around 25% with handcrafted features. The same performance measured in EER was between 20-30% when using the features extracted from the DL model. The DL methods, while showing potential for greater performance than the handcrafted, seem to suffer from fluctuation (noisiness) of results, making conclusions on their use in practice hard to draw. Additionally when using 1-2 training samples the handcrafted features easily beat the DL methods.When using the LSR variant semi-supervised methods there is no noticeable performance boost and BLSR gets the second best results among the alternatives.

This thesis discusses the specific effects of single sourcing methodologies on the role of the technical communicator, his or her job responsibilities, qualifications, collaboration with coworkers, employee and employer expectations, and the effects on career progression. The methodologies discussed included all types of single sourcing methods for technical documentation (such as XML-based), advanced and non-advanced Content Management Systems (CMS), and Digital Asset Management (DAM) systems. Other topics explored are an overview of single sourcing for technical documentation, a comparison of the "craftsman model" to the current trend of single sourcing and structured content, specific effects on technical communicators such as role changes, the effects of incorporating XML into a technical communicator's daily work environment, and the effects of other emerging technologies such as advanced CMS and DAM systems on technical communicators. General findings include that the practice of single sourcing, whether a positive or negative development, has continued and likely will continue to increase in technical communication groups within organizations. Single sourcing, especially for dynamic, customized content is also increasing because of the current marketplace, but works best via the use of a CMS and other systems used by large organizations. Single sourcing is also best implemented after extensive strategic planning and training of employees. Many technical communicators will have to accept new roles and positions, the direction of which is greatly impacted by the extent of their skills. Recommendations are made for additional research on the effects of single sourcing implementation on the technical communicator, and how to adapt to changes. Additional research is also needed on XML, DITA (Darwinian Information Typing Architecture), and DAM systems, all related specifically to technical communication.

This diploma thesis is the first biography about a journalist and writer Josef Novotný, who was born in Chrudim of 1900, considered one of the culturally liveliest Czech towns at the sunset of the 19th century. He engaged in writing as early as at grammar school, gaining first journalist experience in regional press, above all in Středostavovský buditel. This periodical was published by Československá živnostensko-obchodnická strana středostavovská. In the following years he worked as a reporter in Nová Praha, Trn, Tramp, Úl and others. In the 30s he started cooperation with Melantrich, where he wrote for České slovo and Český ilustrovaný zpravodaj. Later on in the late 40s he was employed as a reporter with Masarykův list. In 1948 his membership in Sydnikát českých novinářů had expired and by that literally his journalist career, too. He wrote tens of books, some of which were of autobiographic and regional character. He is the author of literature for children and youth, theatre and puppet plays, detective stories and rodokaps. He elaborated many historical themes and literary criticism essays. The biggest acknowledgement he received for his novel Piava based on his experiences from the frontline during the First World War. Most of his life work has never been published and is archived in the...

In my thesis I deal with phenomenon of the so-called new woman in the literature of Finland and China in the first three decades of the 20th century. This phenomenon is presented on the example of the life and literary works of three Chinese (Ding Ling, Ling Shuhua, Bing Xin) and three Finnish (Aino Kallas, Maria Jotuni, L. Onerva) women writers, which seem to be the most representative. In the case of each of the above-mentioned writers I first briefly depict her life, which possibly could have influenced her writings, and then I analyze the selected literary works, in which the topic of new woman is most pronounced. I strive for setting the literary works analyzed into the concrete social, historical and cultural context of the development in both countries, and in the final part of the thesis I attempt at comparison of the similarities and differences between the topics of Chinese women writers on the one hand and Finish on the other. I then explain reasons for the similarities and differences found with regard to the social and cultural situation in China and Finland. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This Master's thesis deals with the life and work of the South Bohemian educator and writer Jindřich Malšínský. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part aims to describe by means of the biographical method the writers biography. The second part includes selected work of J. Malšínský with a specific focus on the interpretation of the novel called Principál by means of hermeneutic approach.

[pt] A presente dissertação propõe uma leitura do projeto artístico-intelectual de Augusto Abelaira a partir de textos do autor publicados em prefácios de livros, em crônicas e entrevistas publicadas durante a década de 1960 no suplemento semanal Vida artística e literária do Diário de Lisboa. A investigação aborda três pontos principais: as configurações dos papeis de escritor, leitor e crítico literário; as relações entre a arte e política na Europa e em Portugal especialmente, com os neo-realistas e o grupo da Presença; e os possíveis espaços de atuação do intelectual de letras – para apresentar as visões do autor sobre as teorias do romance e o momento político social em que está inserido e para focalizar a atuação de Augusto Abelaira enquanto um intelectual português durante o regime ditatorial fascista. / [en] The present dissertation propose an approach on Augusto Abelaira s artistic-intellectual project from his texts published in prefaces of books, chronicles and interviews published during the 1960 decade in the weekly supplement Vida artistica e literária of Diário de Lisboa. The investigation addresses three main points: the configurations of the writer, reader and literary critic roles; the relationship between art and politics in Europe and especially in Portugal, with the neo-realists and the Presença s group; and the possible spaces for literary intellectual intervention – in order to bring forward the author s views on romances theory and the social political moment in which he is situated and to focalize Augusto Abelaira s performance as a Portuguese Intellectual during the fascist dictatorial regime.

Since the 1975 publication of Newsweek’s article asserting that “Johnny” can’t write, many have continued to support the claim that students graduating from American high schools and universities can’t write. This criticism has led many students to believe the problem lies exclusively with them. Efforts to improve students’ writing have had little effect, as reflected in continually concerning scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Recently, researchers have begun to suggest that the problem should be addressed by working to change students’ identification as a bad writer. Two constructs have emerged from these efforts: writer and authorial identity. Research on these constructs, however, is relatively recent and therefore limited. Further, the constructs have been investigated in separate literature bases, divided almost exclusively between English composition studies (writer identity) and psychology (authorial identity). This study seeks to investigate students’ writer and authorial identities right at the entry point into college. Expectations for writing are different in college than they are in high school. College students, many of whom fall into the emerging adulthood phase of development, may experience difficulties writing in college if these different expectations aren’t made explicit. In addition, this study explores whether writer and authorial identity are two distinct constructs, or whether similarities between the two exist. Data were collected from a diverse sample of first-year undergraduates at a large, urban, public university in the southeastern United States. Using a mixed method research design, quantitative data on authorial identity were collected using a modified version of an existing scale to measure authorial identity; open-response questions provided the qualitative data. Mixed analyses of the quantitative and qualitative findings found areas of significant differences between the two constructs, but also areas of overlap. These findings suggest that authorial identity may be a more specific form of writer identity, one in which the writer’s authentic voice and knowledge are effectively represented in what is written. Although this study is a first step in trying to identify why “Johnny” can’t write, it provides evidence that viewing the problem through the lens of students’ writer and authorial identity warrants further investigation.