A presente dissertação concorda com Marshall Mcluchan quando diz: o meio é a mensagem; seu formato é sitespecifi c e não se dá da forma que não se dá, permitindo o não-ir aos modos convencionais de relação da mesma com as coreografi as preestabelecidas dos viéses fi losófi cos e acadêmicos; a investigação parte dos estudos de Butoh, Filosofi a da Diferença, Performance Art e Antropologia da Performance e nasce do desdobramento da frase de Tadashi Endo: "eu não danço, eu sou dançado" no corpo cujo nome em cartório está Alessandro Rivellino. A partir disto a pesquisa se desenvolve entendendo a possibilidade da suspensão da identidade e da habitação de uma perspectiva fl exível e temporária para ela, a fi m de permitir que as forças que atravessam um corpo possam ter mais potência em seus desdobramentos criativos, extáticos, sinestésicos e performáticos, permitindo assim alterações dos estados corporais, relacionando-se com os sistemas de controle internos e externos, panopticons e senhores de engenho. A pesquisa é daquilo que não pode ser dito, ou seja, o invisível que atravessa um corpo; sendo assim, possui um viés antropológico no que diz respeito aos poderes que regulam o comportamento humano e um viés artístico no que se relaciona com a suspensão ou defasagem do controle cognitivo e voluntário de um artista, dando expressão às forças que lhe atravessam, transviam e infl uenciam, sejam físicas, químicas, xamânicas ou inventadas, com processos indo em direção a criações artísticas e experiências performáticas, nas ruas e fora delas. A pesquisa é um gerúndio. Um devir-pesquisante. Está mais para o microbiopolítico do desejo. O processo pode ser vislumbrado através do blog fraturexposta. blogspot.com. A relação entre arte e vida é mote dos estudos e se você der um abraço em quem ou algo que está próximo de você agora terá vivido um pouco melhor de que se trata. / The present dissertation agrees with Marshall Mcluchan when he says: the medium is the message; Its format is sitespecifi c and does not occur in the way it does not, allowing the non-go to the conventional modes of relation of the same with the pre-established choreographies of philosophical and academic bias; The research is part of the studies of Butoh, Philosophy of Diff erence, Performance Art and Anthropology of Performance and is born of the unfolding of the phrase of Tadashi Endo: "I do not dance, I am danced" in the body whose name in registry is Alessandro Rivellino. From this, the research develops understanding the possibility of the suspension of identity and housing from a fl exible and temporary perspective for it, in order to allow the forces that cross a body to have more power in its creative, ecstatic, synesthetic and Performatic, thus allowing changes in body states, relating to internal and external control systems, panopticons and planters. Research is that which can not be said, that is, the invisible that crosses a body; And thus has an anthropological bias regarding the powers that regulate human behavior and an artistic bias in relation to the suspension or lag of cognitive and voluntary control of an artist, expressing the forces that cross it, and Infl uences, whether physical, chemical, shamanic or invented, with processes going toward artistic creations and performance experiences, on and off the streets. The survey is a gerund. A devir-researching. It is more to the microbiopoltics of desire. The process can be glimpsed through the blog fraturexposta.blogspot.com. The relationship between art and life is the motto of studies and if you give a hug to who or something that is close to you now you will have lived a little better what it could be. / La presente disertación concuerda con Marshall Mcluchan cuando dice: el medio es el mensaje; Su formato es sitespecifi c y no se da de la forma que no se da, permitiendo el no ir a los modos convencionales de relación de la misma con las coreografías preestablecidas de los sesgos fi losófi cos y académicos; La investigación parte de los estudios de Butoh, Filosofía de la Diferencia, Performance Art y Antropología de la Performance y nace del desdoblamiento de la frase de Tadashi Endo: "yo no bailo, yo soy bailado" en el cuerpo cuyo nombre en notario está Alessandro Rivellino. A partir de esto la investigación se desarrolla entendiendo la posibilidad de la suspensión de la identidad y de la vivienda de una perspectiva fl exible y temporal para ella, a fi n de permitir que las fuerzas que atraviesan un cuerpo puedan tener más potencia en sus desdoblamientos creativos, extáticos, sinestésicos y sinestésicos , Permitiendo así cambios de los estados corporales, relacionándose con los sistemas de control internos y externos, panopticons y señores de ingenio. La investigación es de lo que no se puede decir, es decir, lo invisible que atraviesa un cuerpo; Por lo tanto, posee un sesgo antropológico en lo que se refi ere a los poderes que regulan el comportamiento humano y un sesgo artístico en lo que se relaciona con la suspensión o desfase del control cognitivo y voluntario de un artista, dando expresión a las fuerzas que le atravesan, Infl uyen, sean físicas, químicas, chamánicas o inventadas, con procesos que van hacia las creaciones artísticas y experiencias performáticas, en las calles y fuera de ellas. La investigación es un gerundio. Un devir-investigador. Está más para el microbiopolítico del deseo. El proceso puede ser vislumbrado a través del blog fraturexposta.blogspot.com. La relación entre arte y vida es mote de los estudios y si usted da un abrazo en quien o algo que está cerca de usted ahora habrá vivido un poco mejor de lo que se trata.

O presente trabalho procura analisar a relação melodia-tom no interior do canto de origem africana nas comunidades-terreiro de candomblé Queto. O caráter estável da palavra cantada conduziu-nos às análises de textos com música. Para a implementação das investigações foram selecionados dez cantos nagôs gravados sem acompanhamento de instrumentos pelo próprio povo do santo e um canto iorubá gravado por um iorubá nativo de Abeokutá. Os cantos foram organizados em tessituras (partituras simplificadas) divididas em versos com vistas à visualização simultânea do canto com a letra; para cada verso do canto, fez-se, com a utilização do programa WinPitchPro, um sonograma com a curva de pitch, espectrograma e medidas de Fo. Inicialmente, por meio de uma primeira comparação entre canto e fala iorubá, observou-se, na relação entre pitch melódico e tom fonológico, que estávamos diante de três possibilidades: (i) ignorar os tons fonológicos e o significado das palavras e utilizar as variações de pitch exclusivamente para marcar a melodia, o que preservaria a musicalidade, mas reduziria a inteligibilidade lírica; (ii) preservar as variações regulares de pitch relacionados aos tons lexicais, ignorando a musicalidade, sacrificando a musicalidade pela inteligibilidade; (iii) tentar manter, mesmo que parcialmente, os contrastes de pitches lexicais sem restringir excessivamente as regras melódicas de Fo. Para o desenvolvimento do nosso trabalho, acatamos, principalmente, a terceira hipótese. Tanto no cotejo da fala e canto iorubá quanto no confronto iorubá/nagô, foi possível identificar a imanência dos supra-segmentos da língua africana. A realização dos tons por meio dos pitches melódicos apresentou a reprodução de fenômenos universais como downdrift, downstep e processos recíprocos de assimilação e propagação. As análises evidenciam a manutenção parcial dos tons lexicais da língua iorubá na palavra sagrada nagô, confirmando o caráter estável de uma palavra condicionado por elementos lingüísticos e extralingüísticos. / This work aims at analyzing the melody-tone relationship in African origin chants in Queto houses of candomble. The stable character of the sung word has led to the analysis of musical texts. In order to implement investigations ten Nago chants have been selected. They have been recorded without instruments by the people of Saint themselves and an Yoruba chant was recorded by a native Yoruba speaker from Abeokuta. Chants have been organized in tessitures (simplified partitures) divided in verses aiming at the simultaneous visualization of the singing and lyrics; one has made, for each chant verse, with the use of the WinPitchPro program, a sonogram with the pitch wave, spectrogram and Fo measures. By comparing the chant and Yoruba speech one has initially observed three possibilities between melody pitch and phonological tone: (i) to ignore phonological tones and the meaning of words and use pitch variations to exclusively designate the melody, which would preserve musicality but would reduce the lyrical intelligibility; (ii) to preserve the regular pitch variations related to lexical tones ignoring musicality and sacrificing musicality in order to achieve intelligibility; (iii) to try to keep, even partially, the contrasts of lexical pitches without excessively restricting Fo melodical rules. In order to develop this work one has mainly followed the third hypothesis. In the analysis of both the Yoruba speech and chants and in the confrontation of Yoruba/Nago, it has been possible to identify the stableness of supra-segments of the African language. The achievement of tones by the use of melody pitches has presented the reproduction of universal phenomena such as downdrift, downstep and reciprocal processes of assimilation and spread. The analyses show the partial maintenance of the lexical tones in the sacred Nago word confirming the stable character of a word conditioned by linguistic and extra linguistic elements.

No description available.

Text in English / Through an in-depth analysis of selected texts, this study engages with the ways in which Ogun is reimagined by recent selected Nigerian playwrights. Early writers from this country, influenced by their modernist education, misrepresented Ogun by presenting only his so-called negative attributes. Contemporary writers are reconceptualising him; it is the task of this thesis to demonstrate how they are doing so from a decolonial perspective. These alleged attributes represent Ogun as a wicked, bloodthirsty, arrogant and hot tempered god who only kills and makes no positive contribution to the Yoruba community. The thesis argues that the notion of an African god should be viewed from an Afrocentric perspective, not a Eurocentric one, which might lead to violence or misrepresentation of him. The dialogue in the plays conveys how the playwrights have constructed their main characters as Ogun representatives in their society. For example, Mojagbe and Morontonu present Balogun, the chief warlord of their different community; both characters exhibit Ogun features of defending their community. The chosen plays for this study are selected based on different notions of Ogun, the Yoruba god of iron and war, presented by the playwrights. A closer look at the primary materials this thesis explores suggests Ogun’s strong connection with rituals and cultural festivals. These plays exemplify African ritual theatre. Being a member of the Yoruba ethnic group, I have considerable knowledge of how festivals are performed. The Ogun festival is an annual celebration among the Yoruba, where African idioms of puppetry, masquerading, music, dance, mime, invocation, evocation and several elements of drama are incorporated into the performances. The selected plays critiqued in this thesis are Mojagbe (Ahmed Yerima, 2008), Battles of Pleasure (Peter Omoko, 2009), Hard Choice (Sunnie Ododo, 2011), and Morontonu (Alex Roy-Omoni, 2012). No in-depth exploration has previously been undertaken into the kinds of textual and ideological identities that Ogun adopts, especially in the selected plays. Therefore, using a decolonial epistemic perspective, this study offers a critical examination of how the selected Nigerian playwrights between the years 2008 and 2012 have constructed Ogun, the Yoruba god of iron. Such a perspective assists in delinking interpretations from the modernised notions mentioned above, in which Ogun is sometimes a paradoxical god. Coloniality is responsible for such misinterpretation; the employed theoretical framework is used to interrogate these notions. The research project begins with a general introduction locating Ogun in Yoruba mythology, which forms the background to how the god is being constructed in Yorubaland. Also included iii in this first chapter is a discussion on a decolonial perspective, the principles of coloniality, the aims and objective of the study, and the relevant literature review. Thereafter, chapter two focuses on Battles of Pleasure and argues that the play re-imagines Ogun as a god of peace and harvest as opposed to a god of war and destruction. Chapter three discusses how Ododo’s Hard Choice reconceptualises Ogun as a god of justice, in contrast to him being interpreted as a god who engages in reckless devastation of life. Chapter four explores Ogun’s representation in Yerima’s Mojagbe as a reformer who gives human beings ample time to change from their wayward course to a course that he approves. In chapter five, Ogun’s reconception as a remover of obstacles in Roy-Omoni’s Morontonu is examined. The study concludes with a discussion on how Africans should delink themselves from a modernist Eurocentric perspective and think from an Afrocentric locus of enunciation. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil.(English)

The dissertation explores the work of two African artists: Lamidi O. Fakeye a Yoruba wood carver, and Ahmed M. Shibrain a Sudanese painter, as an exemplary development within African art during the second half of the 20th century. It examines their works through the sense of "tradition" as it is seen within the context of their cultures and their histories. It considers their works to be a reflection of their time, a hybrid art and a new tradition emerging within their respective cultures as a result of change in their societies. It argues against the notion that separates their art from their traditions and their histories based on the artificial barriers of "authenticity" in the literature on African art and the various categories that are related to it. It ponders on the contradictions and complexity that this situation has created and demonstrated that these categories negate historical realities. The dissertation is in two parts. The first part describes and analyses some of Lamidi's Christian and secular carvings. His work is placed in its appropriate historical perspective by revealing its close relationship to the carvings of his predecessors in terms of themes, design, content and clients. Innovation and change in his work through time and space is revealed. In the second part, the dissertation defines the connectivity of Shibrain's work to his tradition and its history, and that of his fellow artists who contributed to the development of a new trend in Sudanese art. It discusses their work on the basis of the 'idea' of art in Islam, their training and their heritage of decorative art and Arabic calligraphy. It argues that innovation, influence, borrowing and adaptation, are part of progress in art through the ages.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-29T18:29:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Zaylin.pdf: 824585 bytes, checksum: c899bc868f09d49a1754cb33ad75ec51 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2016-04-29T19:49:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Zaylin.pdf: 824585 bytes, checksum: c899bc868f09d49a1754cb33ad75ec51 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T19:49:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Zaylin.pdf: 824585 bytes, checksum: c899bc868f09d49a1754cb33ad75ec51 (MD5) / CAPES / Esta investigação tem como eixo central a análise descritiva acerca das funções e importância que possui a iyalocha dentro e fora dos espaços sócio-religiosos na Santería ou Regla de Ocha, espaço que se define no seu conceito como Casa-templo ou ilé. Para sua maior compreensão desenvolvemos no primeiro capítulo de este trabalho um estudo sobre os aspectos teóricos que fazem parte da mencionada religião de matriz africana em Cuba. Fundamentamo-nos também no estudo de diferentes histórias de vida relacionadas com as análises das seguintes variáveis: gênero, classe social, características das Casas- templo, funções da iyalocha dentro do espaço sócio- religioso, nível profissional e cultural, cor da pele, identificação política, etc. de quarenta iyalochas, dez babalaô, dois oriatés e cinco santeiros residentes nos seguintes municípios da Ciudad de La Habana, capital de Cuba: Arroyo Naranjo, Plaza de la Revolución, Habana Vieja, Centro Habana, Marianao, Playa e Diez de Octubre. This research has as the central focus the descriptive analysis about functions and importance that has the iyalocha inside and outside spaces in Santería or Regla de Ocha, spaces that is defined in its concept as a temple or ile socio- religious. For your better understanding we rely on the first chapter of this work in the study of the theoretical aspects that are part of this religion of African array. We also base on the study of different life stories related to the analysis of the following variables: gender, social class, characteristics of the houses- temple, functions with in the space socio- religious professional and cultural level, colour of skin, political identification, etc, of forty iyalochas, ten babalawo, two oriatés and five santeros residents in the municipalities of the city of Havana capital of Cuba: Arroyo Naranjo, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana Vieja, Centro Havana, Marianao, Playa and Diez de Octubre.

Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Après un historique du système de santé brésilien, des cultes afro-brésiliens et des africains au Brésil, le présent travail tente de montrer, d'un point de vue anthropologique, la cohérence du système de croyances de ces cultes et de quelques unes de leurs pratiques, entre autres thérapeutiques. L'étude porte alors essentiellement sur la cohérence des relations entre un orixa (entité divine) donné, la partie du corps humain qu'il est censé dominer et les vertus des plantes qui lui appartiennent. Sont également étudiées, sous leur aspect thérapeutique, les processus d'initiation et les transes. <br />D'un point de vue plus sociologique, cette étude s'intéresse au système sanitaire brésilien, ses évolutions, et pointe les défaillances du système officiel dans la gestion des soins offerte aux patients. <br />Analysant les parcours (possibles) du malade (brésilien), les techniques qu'il va choisir d'utiliser pour gérer ses problèmes de santé – en faisant appel ou non aux pratiques thérapeutiques du culte afro-brésilien, il apparaît finalement qu'outre le fait de pouvoir se présenter comme un système de soins complémentaire à la médecine officielle, les pratiques thérapeutiques développées par les garants de ce culte et de cette culture s'affichent souvent et de plus en plus comme une alternative, voire un palliatif efficace face à une gestion officielle de la santé souvent défaillante – où les rejetés de la médecine (par manque de moyens financiers permettant d'y accéder) côtoient les rejetants de cette médecine (qui craignent les infections nosocomiales et autres fonctionnements quotidiens mal assurés).

Esta dissertação se propõe analisar a normatização da estrutura de poder das casas-matrizes iorubás, buscando elementos no complexo processo histórico do grupo iorubá no cenário afro-brasileiro e nas práticas do sistema político-social no continente africano. Este estudo objetivou apontar possíveis contornos entre o arcabouço que delineia a sociedade africana em seu sistema de governo e a construção dos ritos iniciáticos que possibilitaram a ordenação das casas de culto de tradição iorubá no Brasil. Para tanto, a observação das práticas iniciáticas nas casas-matrizes de tradição iorubá do Recife e de Salvador formatou o processo litúrgico que dá legitimidade às práticas que fundamentalizam a instância do poder dos sacerdotes afro-brasileiros, visto que inexiste esta função, com este contingenciamento de poder no conjunto sociorreligioso iorubá africano, fora do âmbito real. Neste contexto, a dinâmica da pesquisa identificou, também, possíveis laços de parentesco sagrado entre as duas casas de culto pesquisadas: egbá e ketu / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the normalization of the power structure of the Yoruba parent homes, seeking elements in the complex historical process of the Yoruba group both in the African-Brazilian scenery and in the practices of the socio and political systems of Africa. The main focus of this study was to identify possible contours of the framework which delineates the African society in its governance and the construction of initiation rituals which allowed the ordination of houses of worship of traditional Yoruba in Brazil. Therefore, the observation of initiation practices in the parent homes of Yoruba tradition of Recife and Salvador formatted the liturgical process that gives legitimacy to practices which support the instance of the power of the African-Brazilian Yoruba priests, since this function does not exist with this curtailment of power in all socio religious African Yoruba setting outside the real. In this context, the dynamics of the research also identified possible sacred bonds of kinship between the two houses of worship investigated: Egba and Ketu

The status, roles, and interactions of three dominant African ethnic groups and their descendants in Cuba significantly influenced the island’s cubanidad (national identity): the Lucumís (Yoruba), the Congos (Bantú speakers from Central West Africa), and the Carabalís (from the region of Calabar). These three groups, enslaved on the island, coexisted, each group confronting obstacles that threatened their way of life and cultural identities. Through covert resistance, cultural appropriation, and accommodation, all three, but especially the Lucumís, laid deep roots in the nineteenth century that came to fruition in the twentieth. During the early 1900s, Cuba confronted numerous pressures, internal and external. Under the pretense of a quest for national identity and modernity, Afro-Cubans and African cultures and religion came under political, social, and intellectual attack. Race was an undeniable element in these conflicts. While all three groups were oppressed equally, only the Lucumís fought back, contesting accusations of backwardness, human sacrifice, cannibalism, and brujería (witchcraft), exaggerated by the sensationalistic media, often with the police’s and legal system’s complicity. Unlike the covert character of earlier epochs’ responses to oppression, in the twentieth century Lucumí resistance was overt and outspoken, publically refuting the accusations levied against African religions. Although these struggles had unintended consequences for the Lucumís, they gave birth to cubanidad’s African component. With the help of Fernando Ortiz, the Lucumí were situated at the pinnacle of a hierarchical pyramid, stratifying African religious complexes based on civilizational advancement, but at a costly price. Social ascent denigrated Lucumí religion to the status of folklore, depriving it of its status as a bona fide religious complex. To the present, Lucumí religious descendants, in Cuba and, after 1959, in many other areas of the world, are still contesting this contradiction in terms: an elevated downgrade.