For decades, literature has reported on the perceived conflict between usability and security. Their mutual trade-off needs to be considered and addressed whenever security products are developed. Achieving well-balanced levels of both is a precondition for sufficient security since users tend to reject unusable solutions. To assess it correctly, usability should be evaluated in the context of security. This paper aims to identify and describe universally applicable and solution-independent factors that affect the perceived usability of security mechanisms. The selected methodology was a systematic literature review during which multiple database resources were queried with different search terms. Application of predefined selection criteria led to the creation of an initial bibliography before backward snowballing was applied to minimize the risk of missing further material of importance. All 70 included publications were then analyzed through thematic analysis. The study resulted in the identification of 14 themes and 30 associated sub-themes representing aspects with reported influence on perceived usability in the context of security. While some of them were only mentioned sparsely, the most prominent and thus presumably most significant ones were: simplicity, information and support, task completion time, error rates, and error management. The identified novel themes can increase knowledge about factors that influence usability. This can be useful for different groups: end-users may be empowered to choose appropriate solutions more consciously, developers may be able to avoid common usability pitfalls when designing new products, and system administrators may benefit from a better understanding of how to configure solutions and how to educate users efficiently.

Due to the large increase in the proliferation of "fake news" in recent years, it has become a widely discussed menace in the online world. In conjunction with this popularity, research of ways to limit the spread has also increased. This paper aims to look at the current research of this area in order to see what automatic fake news detection methods exist and are being developed, which can help online users in protecting themselves against fake news. A systematic literature review is conducted in order to answer this question, with different detection methods discussed in the literature being divided into categories. The consensus which appears from the collective research between categories is also used to identify common elements between categories which are important to fake news detection; notably the relation of headlines and article content, the importance of high-quality datasets, the use of emotional words, and the circulation of fake news in social media groups.

In a time of growing consciousness around sustainability and an early paradigm shift when it comes to circular systems for furniture and interiors, as an aspiring designer, I need and must adapt accordingly within my field and creative practice. In this project, I have worked with the immense material waste that is going on, especially focusing on furniture and interiors, within the public and private sectors as well as in office environments, where this is a big issue. Guided by the United Nations Global Goal No 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production, I have experimented with, to me, new ideas for systems that deal with the upcycling and repurposing of “old” and/or discarded pieces of furniture and the material they are made from. To see what I can make of it to prolong the lifecycle and give the material a new purpose, function, and value. In my process I have acted both as an interior architect and a furniture designer but also as a sculptor and craftsman since the predetermined “waste” material I have worked with demanded a reversed design process than what a “normal” one would look like for a commercial project.    The result is a series of new furniture designed and made from waste material, revisioned by me through a mix of art and design, to see how I as a designer of furniture and interiors can develop and find my path in this and to help formulate the new design paradigm and aesthetics for future circular and sustainable furniture and interior solutions that is underway.

In order to contribute to equality, we must go beyond the standard. I want to learn from people with disabilities and the spatial border they are faced with, by exploring the responsibility I have been given, through claiming a role that affects our built environments. I have experience with disabilities and handicaps, but these experiences do not automatically make me better in addressing issues concerning other people with disabilities. I am dyslexic and have been through big obstacles, particularly in the educational system, and I have my Aunt, who has an intellectual disability. I am privileged to have these experiences, and with this thesis I have explored them as an interior architect. This is where I start on my way to contribute.  This thesis is a critical study of how standards are practiced, examined through housing built for people with intellectual disabilities in Selbu, Norway. In the center of the critique is the institution. Institutionalization and standardization have a long relationship as answers to complex questions. Institutions’ uniformity ultimately belongs to no one. The matter becomes particularly problematic when the environment is supposed to operate someone’s home. Housing for people with intellectual disabilities is often life long and not determined on the intention of the builders. What is obvious to me after reading the standards and exploring the buildings, is that the minimum requirements are always in place, often built as if the minimum was the goal. But a standard also expresses its vision. The vision talks about inclusion and the dangers with mini institutions, but the vision is expressed through soft language and the minimum requirements are expressed through concrete language of measurements. From the process of being a standard to becoming a building the soft language evaporates from the building plans. The standard will never prohibit you to go beyond it! / <p>Part of the project is in collaboration with Nils Ställborn, graduating Bachelor student with his thesis Material Diversity.</p><p>Please go to <em>poststandardization.info </em>to see our exhibition, an information platform to spread the insight of Poststandardization to enable the world to go beyond the standard.</p>

This project recognizes photographic space as a visualized form of spatial experience and tries to read unspecified spatial information in photos shared in social media. By exploring a photograph, I research how photography, which is a framing activity, has affected spatial experience and cognition. I try to re-build a space with photographs and compare the different characters of original space and photographic space by juxtaposition. The combination of original space and photographic space through a mechanism tool makes designers understand people’s experiential space over spatial hierarchy planned by designers. The project shows three-dimensional space made with photos using a photogrammetry method. It places original space and photographic space within a tool that mechanized the principle of Filippo Brunelleschi’s linear perspective. It highlights the multiple identities of space and visual form of photographic space. Also, by applying Henri Lefebvre’s theory to two different spaces and spatial practices, it gives a clue how designers can understand a photograph as a social product of spatial identity, an independent element from real space. A piece of space is an experiment spatial tool that draws people into multiple experienced spaces. It is tightly connected with spatial contexts; original space, photographic space and spatial practice by people. The whole process in the project consists of experiments that can explore the meaning of photographic space and how it can be positioned in reality. / <p>Some images have been removed for copyright reason.</p>

In 2020, the meatpacking district of Stockholm (Slakthusområdet) is at the beginning of a period of change. A lot of its buildings are being demolished, or at least gutted, to transform a historical area of industry into a more urban district of housing, offices, trade, and services along with new parks and squares (Stockholms Stad, 2020). This thesis project is specifically about the first building that was torn down as part of the development of the area, Sandhagen 2. We should consider our condemned buildings a precious resource and extract from them rather than from the earth. In every house there is invested energy which is lost the day it is demolished but there is also something else that is lost other than precious resources. The research aims to highlight the importance of reuse not from the more obvious sustainability point of view, but as something that can be aesthetically motivated. The method involves a dissection of Sandhagen 2, extracting interior architectural elements without excessive alterations, and making an organized taxonomy. The taxonomy is then rearranged into a new spatial composition. How can a space be created from a taxonomy defined by an interior architect? How does a material’s earlier life add or take away potential in its future life?  The proposal is a strange space where the tension created by reuse is completely between the elements themselves, a result of having to become the conventional parts of architecture that complete a space; steps, something to sit on, floor, partitions.

Today's organizations face a global talent shortage, where they struggle to find and develop the talents needed to gain a competitive advantage in the global labor market. The war for talent has shifted from a national to a global scale, affecting organizations Human Resource Management strategies. As a result, scholars argue that the implementation of Global Talent Management (GTM) in the organization's business strategy can facilitate the work by gaining a competitive advantage. Due to globalization, organizations face rapidly changing global environments, affecting the strategies of GTM. The specific contribution from this study is to examine the relevance of the internal drivers affecting GTM, identified by Tarique and Schuler in 2010 as regiocentrism, international strategic alliances, and required competencies, for future research and practical implementations. The findings declare that although the framework from 2010 still is relevant in some aspects, globalization has led to new internal drivers being presented in current literature. New aspects as defining a talent philosophy, adopting an alternative employment arrangement and developing an attractive employer branding have been identified as important internal drivers within GTM. These drivers are described and presented in a conceptual model, developed from the framework by Tarique and Schuler (2010).

The increase in globalisation has triggered the interest towards diversity in the workplace. Although diversity is widely studied, conventional diversity studies tend to view diversity in relation to organisational benefits and focus on demographic traits. The focus of this thesis is to explore how followers in the workplace understand diversity within a Swedish context. This exploratory study takes on a qualitative approach to develop deeper insight towards the way in which diversity is understood on an individual level. The study was supported by ten cases, each sharing their experiences and perceptions of diversity in their workplaces. The study identified several sources of diversity, including those which are not generally associated with the term “diversity”. Additionally, the findings show that diversity is understood in a range of ways. This highlighted the complexity of the phenomenon and shows that diversity goes beyond demographic characteristics.

Through demographic change, millennials now make up the most substantial part of the workforce. This is relevant as they are also a generation faced with prejudice. This thesis aims to explore how millennial followers are looking at trust in work relationships and how they perceive to establish trust in work relationships to increase understanding. The focus of this study is on millennial followers, as leadership literature is plentiful, and most millennials are and will always be followers.  We examine the millennials’ understanding of trust and explore what issues they bring up when reflecting on trust at work. This thesis argues that millennials think of trust as relying on others when thinking of healthy relationships. They prefer knowledge-based relationships over calculus- and identity-based relationships. To build trust, millennials perceive that they use both task- and relationship-based trust-building together with interactions as based to earn and evolve trust. In relationships where there are trust issues, they change their understanding of trust and stick to task-based or calculus-based relationships. This study follows an interpretivist approach with an abductive structure. For data collection, indepth interviews with 7 millennials from Sweden and Switzerland were conducted. To analyze a thematic approach to coding was employed. The emerging patterns are introduced in a thematic narrative to increase comprehensibility. The study provides insights into the millennial followers’ understanding of trust.

Playing computer games in English affects one’s vocabulary size, and thus this project’s aim was to examine how the strategy and turn-based computer game Rebuild 2 can affect adult learners’ vocabulary acquisition according to their perceptions. This project also examined what effects note-taking has on vocabulary learning while playing the game. Two studies were conducted with university students with B1 to C2 level of English where one group took notes and the other group did not. The participants did a vocabulary test of 20 words from the game before playing and after playing the game. Then a retention-test was done one week later. They were tasked to explain and to use the words in sentences. The results indicated that the game helped the participants learn new words. On the other hand, it also caused confusion and words that were once explained correctly were incorrectly explained. Moreover, this project showed that there is a difference in vocabulary acquisition between taking notes and taking no notes. However, the questionnaires revealed that the difference is caused by how the participants perceive the game. Namely that the participants with a positive view on the game learnt more words than the participants with a negative view on the game.