Th. licence--Droit--Bordeaux, 1875?

Th.--Méd.--Bordeaux, 1906-1907. / Bordeaux, 1906-1907, n ° 24.

Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (LLM)" / Le commerce électronique n'est plus un simple support promotionnel de la distribution des biens de consommation: il s'apparente de plus en plus à un marché parallèle à la distribution classique. Cependant, quel que soit le schéma emprunté, les rapports humains suscitent inévitablement des conflits et le commerce électronique ne fait pas exception à la règle. Ce nouveau vecteur n'a pas pour seule vertu le rapprochement des individus; de la même façon qu'il a affecté nos relations, il a eu un impact sur les litiges eux-mêmes. Le contexte particulier dans lequel s'inscrivent les transactions privées sur Internet, ont pour conséquence des litiges portant sur de faibles sommes d'argent et qui sont qui plus est - conditionnés par certains aspects techniques ou certaines particularités du monde en ligne. A cela s'ajoute une dimension internationale qui accentue encore la complexité du règlement des litiges, dans la mesure où elle implique pour les parties de délicates délibérations sur la question du forum et du droit applicable. La dispersion des parties ne facilite pas l'exercice de l'action en justice. Aussi l'arbitrage en ligne a-t-il pour ambition éthérée d'éluder la voie judiciaire et, plus encore, la voie judiciaire à l'étranger. La Toile, par la multitude de possibilités qu'elle offre, perturbe autant les repères de la justice classique qu'elle ne lui apporte des solutions jusqu'alors inexplorées. Par un recoupement de leurs caractéristiques, l'arbitrage fait ainsi écho au commerce électronique. En d'autres termes la gestion de la procédure arbitrale se fera à distance. Une attention toute particulière doit être accordée aux spécificités d'Internet et à l'impact que ce contexte particulier peut avoir sur le cadre traditionnel de l'arbitrage. La transition vers le monde virtuel ne se fait donc pas sans heurts. Si l'arbitrage en ligne est techniquement praticable, juridiquement il soulève nombre de questions. L'arbitrage classique exige de nombreuses conditions de fonds et de v fonnes que l'arbitrage en ligne par sa nature même ne peut totalement satisfaire. Malgré cette évidence, le droit, dans un souci de perfection et de maniabilité toujours plus poussé, tend peu à peu à passer outre cet écueil. Voilà ce à quoi nous essaierons de répondre modestement au travers cet exposé. / E-Commerce is no longer a channel in support of the standard fonu of trading consumption goods. It has become an alternative trading market for those consumption goods. However, whether trade takes place through e-trading or more traditional ways, human relationships are likely to entail conflicts. As a new fonu of trading, e-commerce fostered and strengthened the relationships between individuals, inc1uding lawsuits. Nonetheless, the types of lawsuits related to e-commerce differ from those related to the standard trade in several ways. For example, lawsuits related to etrading often involve relatively limited amounts of money because of the particular context in which trade takes place through the internet or some technical aspects of it. In addition, the international dimension of the trade further complicates the settlement of litigation since it implies sensitive deliberations about the place ofjurisdiction and the applicable law. In this case, the difficulty in conducting the legal practice is exacerbated by the fact that parties are far apart. Consequently, online arbitration has the noble goal of eluding the legal process, especially abroad. The World Wide Web, through its numerous possibilities, raises questions on the references of the c1assical justice and proposes solutions in ways that so far were unexplored. Since they share many of the same characteristics, on-line arbitration is similar to e-trading-that is, the on-line arbitration process is made from distance. Overall, a very particular attention must be paid to the specificities of the Internet and to its possible effects on the traditional arbitration framework. For the arbitration, the transition of trade toward the electronic world has created lots of vii difficulties. While online arbitration is technically practicable, it raises many legal issues. Online arbitration cannot totally fulfill the numerous conditions of content and fonn that standard arbitration requires. Nevertheless, the Law, with its growing concern for perfection and adaptability, is progressively overcoming this difficulty. Those are the issue that we will try to address in this study.

This is a study of the relationship between information technology (IT) dimensions and three organizational properties: leadership philosophies, organisational context and IT strategic choice. Six hypotheses were formulated and tested using data collected from a sample of 750 senior civil servants across the Australian Public Service (APS). Attempts are made to show that a direct relationship exists between respondents’ perception of leadership philosophies, organisational context, IT strategic choice and IT dimensions. Results suggest that organisational IT is defined by four dimensions: IT deployment, IT skills, IT training and IT impact on the organisation, and that all four dimensions are necessary for the effective adoption of IT. Leadership philosophy emerges as the most influential determinant for effective IT adoption, whilst only certain aspects of organisational context and strategic choice variables show a significant influence of effective IT adoption. It is concluded that the respondents’ precaution about the effective adoption of IT in the organisation is strongly influenced by the leadership philosophies held by senior APS managers and to some extent by organisational context and IT strategic choice / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Australia has been engaged on a comprehensive process of federal public service reform for more than 20 years. It began in the 1970s, when the long undisturbed Australian Public Service (APS) was confronted with a major review process and with a set of administrative law reforms. This was followed in the 1980s by the introduction of a set of ambitious administrative reforms, which drew strength from similar developments occurring overseas, notably in Britain, the United States, New Zealand and Canada. This created the setting for the commercialisation of the APS that began in the late 1980s, which itself created a further set of organisational and management imperatives for the APS. The articulation of the desired management competencies became a pressing priority to consolidate the administrative and commercialisation reforms and a broad consensus emerged. The next challenge was to determine how best to inculcate the desired APS management competencies. The overall conclusion drawn was that while the administrative and commercialisation reforms have moved the APS some way towards attaining the distinctive characteristics that well-performing public agencies should have, they have created a wide variety of challenges and threats yet to addressed adequately. Within an organisational and politico-administrative environment that leaves APS managers vulnerable, especially those in APS 'quasi-businesses', because they are expected to improve service delivery productivity, so as to reduce costs, while at the same time to enhance service quality. This management task requires them to confront a variety of these threats and challenges, which purveyors of public management education must help them address, if they are to meet their idiosyncratic learning needs. This requires the adoption of a learner-based, problem-centred approach to learning for, rather than about, public management. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Existing theories and literature seeking to explain small business reticence to engage in enterprise bargaining, at times adopt a generalised approach which precludes or at least limits their relevance and ability to explain small business choice at the industry and even organisational level. Such explanations cannot be detached from the external contextual framework in which an organisation operates and its own, often unique, strategic corporate response to the environmental influences which are challenging it. Labour flexibility vehicles including bargaining, if chosen to facilitate broader corporate strategies, can thereby, be regarded as functionally dependent upon and interactive with the corporate orientations and objectives of the organisation which in turn are environmentally influenced and shaped. The research principally provides a focused description and analysis of the experiences of Clothingco, a small, up market, vertically integrated clothing manufacturer and retailer, which has undergone various strategic readjustments at the corporate and industrial relations level throughout the 1990s, in response to externally driven pressures. The research presents firm evidence to suggest that Clothingco has selected its labour flexibility mechanisms so that they are consistent with and able to accomodate prevailing corporate strategies and orientations. Its strategic corporate readjustments throughout the 90s, which can be perceived as falling along the continuum of cost minimisation to productivity enhancement, have in particular registered differing choices with respect to labour flexibility vehicle and strategies. In the light of the findings, the research as a preferred labour flexibility vehicle at Clothingco. These are identified as: an increasing corporate focus towards cost minimisation throughout the 1990s, coupled with an inability by management to countenance union intervention in enterprise bargaining procedures. The interaction of both these factors, rendered enterprise bargaining from the point of view of management, both a strategically and industrially inferior labour flexibility vehicle to the use of contract labour. The research's strength lies in these areas which have been highlighted and which can be monitored and tested more comprehensively in future research. / Master of Commerce (Hons)

In this study the author attempts to evaluate structural evolutionary networks after turbulence using reconstructive logic. Analysing contingent stages of evolution provide for an in-depth study of the various forces impacting on a non-linear social system's recovery after turbulence. Similarly, such a mode of analysis allows for studying the inter-relationships among a system's endogenous and exogenous forces. Although each crisis is unique, yet an analysis of previous events would pave the way to generate learning curves geared towards the prevention, or at least mitigation, of the impact of future similar events. A detailed conceptual analysis of decision-making contexts and behavioural styles under varying levels of turbulent environmental states are evaluated to illustrate the direct and indirect inter-relationships among the actors/participants and their contributions to the creation and prolongation of a state of turbulence and instability. Since environmental states relate to the perceptions of the actors involved and their interactions over time, the connection between the two main environmental levels, namely, the system's internal micro-environmental factors - including inherent socio-political contradictions - and its external uncontrollable macro-environmental influences - incorporating regional and international forces - are evaluated. This study primarily deals with contingency planning for system's evolution after crisis. It is essentially a case study of turbulence at the national level of analysis, mainly dealing with the development of normative and predictive transferable policy implications geared towards a system's embarkation on a recovery and reconstruction mode. With this purpose in mind, this research study aims at developing a Reconstruction - Governance Contingency Path Analysis (RGPA) in terms of identifying and evaluating contingent stages of evolution based on an analysis of developmental leadership pathways. This is accomplished through an in-depth analysis of the components and conditions for a system's evolution as well as evaluating the inter-relationship between the system itself and its environment, both at the micro- and macro-levels. To illustrate its application to a specific country, the RGPA is applied to the case study of Lebanon / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)