Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T09:03:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / The goal of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of several theoretical models and corresponding interpretations of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness in order to arrive at a position with respect to the conflicting aspects of these theoretical models and interpretations within a broader rereading of Heart of Darkness. As demonstrated in an extensive selection of critical texts, literary criticism today remains contentiously divided, and Heart of Darkness is frequently cited and interpreted as evidence in the debates concerning the nature and limits of criticism (Gandhi, 1998; Jameson, 1981; Kimbrough, ed. 1988; Murfin, ed., 1989; Said, 1993). This study engages the problematic split between those theoretical models and interpretations that focus on the fragmented nature of language and those others that stress the relationship between texts and non-textual, historical reality. Through its comparative analysis, this study argues that the explicit terms of the polemic split between history and language are problematic because of how they deny the shared tendencies of these two approaches. Finally, this study's reading of Heart of Darkness emphasizes the inseparability of these two critical approaches, even though some irreconcilable aspects exist in both.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-10Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:58:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000823526_20161210.pdf: 108243 bytes, checksum: 4355e19fa61048532bb191aaec4aa40c (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-12-12T11:23:41Z: 000823526_20161210.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-12-12T11:24:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000823526.pdf: 1029117 bytes, checksum: c7426a00373705b33e51bd6bf49e8088 (MD5) / A presença da Índia na biografia e na obra de Cecília Meireles é notável. A relação entre a poetisa e a Índia apresenta-se de forma explícita e implícita em sua produção: por um lado, tem-se o volume Poemas escritos na Índia, paralelamente às diversas crônicas sobre esse país, assim como conferências e aulas; por outro lado, em sua lírica, há inúmeros poemas que permitem a leitura de princípios, temas e nuances do pensamento filosóficoreligioso tipicamente indiano, reconhecíveis como associáveis ao hinduísmo ou ao budismo. Em nossa análise, partimos da premissa de ser imprescindível tanto a leitura de poemas sobre a Índia (paisagens, cotidiano e personalidades), como o levantamento temático dos aspectos filosófico-religiosos indianos na lírica ceciliana, por meio de análises interpretativas de poemas, demonstrando que a Índia e o pensamento indiano se apresentam nessa poesia horizontal e verticalmente. Assim, as primeiras seções analíticas são dedicadas ao país como locus para o qual a poetisa volta sua atenção e o adota como cenário, como motivo de alguns poemas; ou do qual elege personagens sobre os quais trata. Abordamos, primeiramente, a relação entre a poetisa e a Índia, por meio de dados biográficos, crônicas e da análise do poema Cântico à Índia pacífica. Em seguida, falamos da relação de Cecília com os dois indianos renomados e analisamos poemas dedicados a eles: o pensador, educador e poeta Rabindranath Tagore e o poema Diviníssimo Poeta, e o pacifista Mohandas K. Gandhi, e o poema Mahatma Gandhi. Então, enfocamos o livro Poemas escritos na Índia, fruto de sua viagem à Índia em 1953, e pensamos, por um lado, em Cecília como poetisa-viajante, e discorremos brevemente sobre o ato de viajar para ela. E, por outro lado, averiguamos que a mulher indiana se destaca no volume, e, assim, analisamos dois poemas sobre a mulher... / The presence of India in Cecília Meireles’s biography is considerable. The relationship between the poetess and India presents itself both explicitly and implicitly in her writings: on one hand, there is the title Poems written in India, parallel to it there are a lot of chronicles and lectures about this country; on the other hand, dozens of poems allow the inference of premises, nuances, and themes related to Indian philosophical and religious thought, related to Hinduism and/or Buddhism. In this present analysis, we started up based on the premise that it is unavoidable both considering the poems on India (Indian sceneries, daily life and individuals), and the inventory of philosophical/religious aspects in the poems, by means of interpretative analysis, showing that India and Indian thought appear in Cecília’s poetry vertically and horizontally. In this light, we dedicate the first analytical sections to the country as a place at which Cecília devotes her attention, employ as background for several poems, and from where she elects some individuals about whom she writes. We approach, firstly, the relationship between Cecília and India, by looking at biographical data, travel chronicles and the analysis of the poem Hymn for peaceful India. Then, we discuss the relationship between Cecília and two renowned Indian personalities, in whose honor she dedicated poems, lectures, etc., i.e., the Indian poet, thinker and educator Rabindranath Tagore, and the poem The most divine poet, and the pacifist Mohandas K. Gandhi, and the poem Mahatma Gandhi. After that, we focus on the book Poems written in India, result of her trip there in 1953, and we consider, on one hand, Cecília as a traveler, and, on the other, her view on Indian women and their work as we analyze two poems, Humility and Puri Women. The latter in comparison to another poem, Ballad for the ten...

Diploma thesis titled "System of Government in India in the period 1947-2009" presents the basic parameters of the political system of the Republic of India with specific focus on the analysis of system of government. To understand the causal relationships is outlined by the constitutional character of the executive, legislative and judicial powers, including the introduction of an important the party system and the electoral system, as two interesting factors with potential direct or indirect influence and impact on the system of government in India. This work is in the pre-defined time dimension covers the period from the profits of independence, i.e. since 1947, when India became independent from Great Britain until 2009, when the last elections held in the House of People of Indian Parliament have yielded interesting election results favorable to the Indian National Congress. The Congress has in shaping the Indian governments a vital role because the system really stands or falls with the successes and failures of the largest and secular party, which played in India since independence, the long-term primacy-led members of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty. In the analysis presented the main factors influencing the system of government and coalition behavior, including the influence of the caste system, electoral...

A favourable macroeconomic performance of many developing countries has been accompanied with apparent needs to make the growth socially inclusive. The social state building and social protection is gradually considered as a crucial element of economic and social development strategies in developing countries. Previous concern based predominantly on a basic-needs approach is gradually shifting towards a rights-based approach (associated mainly with socio-economic rights). This new generation of social protection stresses an active involvement of all actors in development process and investments in human capital building. Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is one of the biggest social intervention ever undertaken and is used as an example of such shifts. MGNREGA has emerged as a major effort of Indian government to mitigate number of problems in rural India. This thesis provides a multidimensional analysis focusing on various effects of MGNREGA and their interaction in a given regional context, when it is widely and properly implemented. A case study from rural Tamil Nadu draws on 1264 structured interviews in households and 125 semi-structured interviews with local employers and officials. It shows a distinction among diverse MGNREGA impacts when it is seen as a...

This MA thesis titled as - India-U.S. Relations in the Late 1960s and in the First Half of the 1970s - focuses on mutual relations of the U.S. on one side and India on the other. It elaborates various events, which influenced these relations during the late 1960s and in the first half ot the 1970s. The result of this work is the confirmation that the U.S., in its foreign policy strategy, strictly followed the principle of realpolitik. Thanks to that their interests, however, often collided with those of India. Its effort of rapprochment with the PRC, during which Pakistan played an important role as the main communication channel between both countries, was a 'thorn in the side' of India's top officials, including its Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The U.S. foreign policy, which was mainly in hands of the National Security Advisor of President Richard Nixon Henry Kissinger, had to logically prefer an alliance with Pakistan. This, of course, was not welcomed by India because these two Asian countries waged several wars against each other and had strained relations since their birth. Thus, in spite of the fact that India might seem as the best American partner, given its strong democratic principles, the opposite was true. Nixon/Kissinger, in defiance of all obstacles, did not relent and remained firm...

Seguindo a abordagem da fenomenologia, busco aprofundar, nesse trabalho, o olhar sobre a movimentação das crianças em suas brincadeiras, estabelecendo conexões entre a dimensão corporal e simbólica de seus gestos. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada na Creche/Pré-escola Central da Universidade de São Paulo, no ano de 2016, com crianças de 0 a 3 anos. Organizo o material obtido em três grandes eixos: brincadeiras de recolhimento, brincadeiras de expansão e narrativa. Aproximo-me, para tanto, da compreensão simbólica de Mircea Eliade e da fenomenologia compreensiva de Gaston Bachelard, bem como das pesquisas de Gandhy Piorski, Renata Meirelles e Marcos Ferreira-Santos sobre brincadeiras. Em seguida, reito sobre as nossas atitudes como professoras ao acompanhar as crianças, observando a necessidade de mover espaços internos em nós de modo a escutá-las em sua inteireza. Ao nal, compartilho memórias da relação com as minhas avós, destacando as contribuições que o vínculo entre avós e netos nos oferecem para reetirmos sobre a qualidade da nossa presença com as crianças na Educação Infantil. / Following the approach of phenomenology, I seek to deepen, in this work, the look over childrens movements in their play, establishing connections between corporal and symbolic dimensions of their gestures. Field research was carried out in the Central Pre-school Nursery of the University of São Paulo, in the year 2016, with 0-3 years old children. I organize the material obtained in three main axes: recollection play, play of expansion and narrative. I approach, therefore, Mircea Eliades symbolic understanding and Gaston Bachelards comprehensive phenomenology, as well as the research from Gandhy Piorski, Renata Meirelles and Marcos Ferreira-Santos on child play. Then I reect on our attitudes as teachers as we observe children, noting the need to shift our inner spaces in order to listen to them in their entirety. In the end, I share memories of the relationship with my grandmothers, highlighting the contributions that the bond between grandparents and grandchildren offer us to reect on the quality of our presence with children in Early Childhood Education.

This thesis examines the rhetoric (persuasive discourse) of the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet. The analysis of this thesis provides an historical foundation of understanding for the international campaign of rhetoric which the Dalai Lama has been leading for the past forty years, culminating with his Nobel Peace Prize award in 1989. The thesis provides an overview of the Dalai Lama's persuasive tactics spanning his time spent campaigning in exile, from 1959 to the present time (1995). The Dalai Lama has been a strong leader in the movement to raise support and international awareness for Tibetans in Chinese controlled Tibet. Specifically, this thesis presents an analysis of two of the Dalai Lama's most well known speeches: the Five Point Peace Plan, presented to members of the United States Congress on September 27, 1987, and the Strasbourg Proposal, presented to members of the European Parliament on June 15, 1988. The Dalai Lama's discourse is examined from the perspective of rhetorical criticism, using the theories of Kenneth Burke as the framework for understanding the texts. This analysis incorporates Burke's theories on mortification, scapegoating, victimage, and transcendence, as well as the tragic and comic frames for presenting a vision of dramatic conflict. The Dalai Lama's rhetoric is also analyzed for its cross cultural implications according to Geert Hofstede's dimensions of cultural variability. This thesis includes a discussion of the Dalai Lama's role as a social movement leader with a charismatic persona and a strong ability to organize and manage a diverse international following while working to preserve the Tibetan diaspora in exile. Lastly, the ethical groundings of the Dalai Lama's rhetoric are taken into consideration. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce to communication students the significance of the Dalai Lama's body of work, and to indicate potential directions for future research. The rationale behind the thesis is this: in rhetorical theory and social movement theory, there exist numerous studies of the nonviolent rhetoric and social movement leadership of both Dr. Martin Luther King of the United States and Mahatma Gandhi of India; yet the Dalai Lama, whose work I show to be comparable in many ways to that of King and Gandhi, has remained unexamined by scholars in many disciplines, most notably rhetorical criticism and social movement theory. The intent of this thesis is to focus upon the Dalai Lama's rhetoric and communication skills in order to stimulate an enduring interest in him as a remarkable orator and leader, from whom we may gain insight into improving our ability to communicate and to manage conflict in a nonviolent manner. / Graduation date: 1996

L’autor planteja una hipòtesi defensada d’una forma transdisciplinar (filosofia, antropologia, sociologia, mitologia, psicologia…). Ens parla, seguint l’estela de Max Scheler i de Max Weber, de la relació entre els quatre valors axiològics índics (els purusârthes) i l’estructura social. Es tracta del dharma (ètica), artha (economia), kâmâ (plaers) i moksha (alliberament espiritual) ben coneguts des de la dinastia Gupta (IV-VI dC.). Ells formen el nucli essencial i l’essencialisme de l’índia eterna –el sanâtana dharma-, que ha crescut a partir de les arrels del període Vèdic i del substrat anterior a la colonització dels aris. Estudiarem els intercanvis culturals entre l’Índia i Occident especialment durant els segles XIX i XX presentant les visions colonials i post colonials des de la mirada de ‘l’efecte pizza’. Presentarem les teories de Max Müller i el neo-hinduisme bastit per Swami Vivekananda, la Teosofia d’Helena Blavatsky i d’Annie Besant i la majestuosa figura d’en Mahâtma Gandhi. Aquest treball ens ajudarà a entendre millor l’Índia. El seu estudi ens ha de permetre confirmar la hipòtesi que l’esperit estructurador dels quatre valors subjauen darrere de les més profundes especificitats de les formes i estructures socials i històriques de la civilització hindú clàssica. / The author presents a hypothesis in which in a cross-disciplinary manner (philosophy, anthropology, sociology, mythology, psychology…), he speaks, following the approach of Max Scheler and Max Weber, about the relationship between the four major axiological values of the Hindu culture (the purusârthas) and the social structure. These values are dharma (ethics), artha (economy), kâmâ (pleasure) and moksha (spiritual freedom or liberation) well known from the Gupta period, from IV to VI CE. They are the core essence and essentialism of the eternal India –the sanâtana dharma-, growing from the roots of the Vedic period and from the early substrate before the Aryan colonization. We study too the cultural exchange between India and the West in XIX and XX centuries following the colonial and post colonial constructs from the point of view of the ‘pizza effect’. From the Max Müller’s theories to the neohinduism build by Swami Vivekânanda, the theosophy of Helena Blavatsky and Annie Besant and the majestic figure of Mahâtma Gandhi. This work will help us to have a better understanding of India. Their study must allow us to confirm the hypothesis that the structuring spirit of the four values lies behind the deepest singularities of the social and historical patterns and structures of the classical Hindu civilization.

In 1947, when India became independent, she had a new Constitution which embodied hopes for a better future for all Indian citizens and a range of institutions which represented the historical heritage of India. These institutions included the ancient Hindu caste system, and village government, and a great number of administrative systems established by the British. The school system was an integral part of the British system of administration. Chapters Two and Three of this thesis explore the problem which was brought about by the change in normative aims introduced by tne Constitution and the lack of change in the institutions. They also look at the different ways in which the new norms were interpretea, particulary the different views of modernisation taken by Nehru and Gandhi. Chapters Four and Five deal with the First and Second Five Year Plans respectively. The Five Year Plans are treated as tentative solutions to the problem set out in the early chapters. Although the first plan incorporated some of the rhetoric of Gandhi, the main tnrust of both plans was in line with Nehru's vision of the development of India. The chapters not only look at the general plan frames and the provisions made in the plans, but also look at the beneficiaries of the plans. For the most part the plans benefitted tne better off, and failed to provide for the basic needs, for food, housing, health, clothing and employment of the poorest sections of society, especially the rural poor. Education, and the close coordination between the education system and government and business administration, helped to ensure that those who had access to the traditional educational system had preference in the competition for housing, health and work. Chapter Six deals with education in detail. Kerala offers a unique opportunity to stuay the relationship between education and development. Education has played an important part in the development of Kerala, which on many indeces has a very highly educated population; literacy rates are high, and the state of Kerala has a very high number of newspapers. But while the high level of education is reflected in some otner indicators, it has not produced economic growth, and Kerala has one of the lowest per capita incomes among the States of India. Chapter Seven examines the relationship of education and development in Kerala. The concluding chapter of this thesis draws together the criticisms of the current system of education of India, and proposes a system of education based on problem-solving, to help supply the basic needs of all India's population.

La quêtede l’honneurpeut paraitre désuète de nos jours en Occident mais cela n’est pas forcément le cas si l’on poussait plus loin les analyses. Elle caractérise depuislongtemps les relations entre les décideurs indiens et les dirigeants de la région Asie du Sud. Les relations avec les belligérants sri lankais n’en font pas exception. L’honneur et la gloire sont souvent le produit d’un éthos guerrier et d’une démonstration de virilité de la part des dirigeants politiques et non pas uniquement des militaires.La virilité n’est donc pas biologique mais est un construit politique et social. Les heurts ont été nombreux quant à la résolution du conflit sri lankais.Les décisions, attitudes et actions prises par les Indiens ont été façonnées par les interactions avec leurs interlocuteurs sri lankais et par des éléments extrêmement importants que nous qualifions d’« événements catalyseurs».Après le départ de l’IPKF et l’assassinat de Rajiv Gandhi, les dirigeants indiens ont adopté une autre attitude et des discours plus apaisés vis-à-vis des dirigeants sri lankais tout en refusant de reconnaitre les « Tigres tamouls » (LTTE), une guérilla tamoule au Sri Lanka. La reconnaissance de la part des dirigeants indiens vis-à-vis des décideurs sri lankais a par ailleurs permis la résolution du conflit sri lankais par des moyens militaires. Vingt ans auparavant, cela aurait été totalement inconcevable pour les dirigeants indiens de laisser ainsi faire les décideurs sri lankais. La reconnaissance de part et d’autre a donc pu permettre d’améliorer les relations interpersonnelles et interétatiques indiennes et sri lankaises. / Today, the quest for honor can seemoutdated in Western countries. But for a long timeit has characterizedthe relationships between the Indian decision-makers and the South Asian leaders. Relationships with Sri Lankan protagonists are also shaped by this question of honor but also of glory. Just as the military, political leaders are also influenced by honor and glory which are often produced by a warrior ethos So they want to show their manliness. Virility is not biological but a political and social construct. Throughout the resolution of the Indian-Sri Lankan conflict, numerous clashes took place between between their respective leaders. Decisions, attitudes and actions taken by the Indians have been shaped by their interactions with their Sri Lankan counterparts. And this evolution has also been possible because of “catalyst events”. After the IPKF’s withdrawal and Rajiv Gandhi’s murder,Indian decision-makers refused to recognize the“Tamil Tigers” guerilla (Liberation Tamil Tigers of Eelam, in Sri Lanka. But the Indian Political leaders’ recognition of the Sri Lankan rulersopened the way to a conflict resolution with military means. Twenty-years ago it would have been completely impossible for the Indians to allow the Sri Lankans to have their way.Recognition on both parts have largely improved the Indian and the Sri Lankan interpersonal and interstate relationships.