碩士 / 國立臺北護理健康大學 / 聽語障礙科學研究所 / 101 / Tinnitus can be associated with hearing impairment Ginkgo Bilobalide (GIKO) is a popular herbal remedy for the prescribed treatment of tinnitus. However, there appears to be a strong placebo effect in tinnitus management. The present study aims to examine how GIKO could affect the salicylate (SA)-induced tinnitus in animal rat model. Functional behavior and the associated c-fos and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) changes in the inferior colliculus of these GIKO-treated control or tinnitus rats were concurrently evaluated. Rats were divided into 4 groups: two control groups- rats with oral saline (NS + NS, n = 4) or rats with oral GIKO (NS + GIKO), and two experimental groups (SA induced tinnitus rats)-rats with oral saline (SA + NS) or with oral GIKO (SA + GIKO). Analysis of tinnitus behaviors with between-group design, rats in the control group reached 80% of correct response; however, no significant difference was found within the control groups (NS vs. GIKO, p = .4895). During the tinnitus induction and treatment periods, rats in the experimental groups reached 70% of correctness rate, however, there was no significant difference within groups (NS vs. GIKO, p = .1714) in the induced period. Interestingly, the experimental and control groups were found to be significantly different, SA + NS relative to the NS + NS (p = .0419 *) and NS + GIKO (p = .020 *). The experiment group in the treatment period with between-group design, SA+NS and the SA+GIKO had no significant difference (p = .5584), the control group and experiment group within subject design also found no significant difference. Comparing the false positive behavioral responses, no significant difference was found in rats in the control groups (NS vs GIKO, p = 0.784). By contrast, GIKO significantly reduced SA-induced behavior in the experimental group (NS vs GIKO; p = .0377*). This indicates a protective effect of GIKO on tinnitus induction. In four group between- group design, the experiment groups were more significantly different than the control groups, by comparing SA + NS with NS + NS ( p = .0123*) and with NS + GIKO ( p = .0123*)，SA + GIKO with NS + NS ( p = .0002***) and with NS + GIKO ( p = .0002***). The experiment groups were analyzed with within-subject design and there was found to be significant difference (p = .0313*). Immunohistochemical staining results of c-fos and GAD in rat inferior colliculus showed that there was no significant difference of c-fos immunoreactivity (IR) in 4 groups of rats. Interestingly, GAD –IR in GIKO-treated rats were significantly higher than that in NS within the control groups (p = .0054**).Furthermore, there was also a trend of increase GAD-IR in GIKO than in NS within the experiment groups although this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = .342). Taken together, the present work employed SA-induced tinnitus rat model and demonstrated beneficial effectiveness of GIKO on the false positive behavioral responses and the associated GABA transmission (GAD-IR) in the inferior colliculus. This study also highlights SA-induced tinnitus rat model as a good research platform.

Introduktion: Buller definieras som oönskat ljud. Uppfattningen av ett oönskat ljud är mycket individuellt. Det som anses vara oljud för en person, kan upplevas som icke-oljud för en annan person. Buller anses dock generellt som störande ljud och är vanligtvis något som varje individ stöter på under sin vardag som exempelvis på arbetsplatsen, skolan, eller i hemmet. Buller anses vara den miljöstörning som berör flest människor i Sverige. Det är ett växande problem och flygtrafik anses vara en av de mest genomgripande utomhusljudkällorna. Bullerproblem som är förknippade med flygtrafik är koncentrerade i områden nära flygplatser, vilket kan påverka flera tusentals boendes hälsa. Flygtrafikbuller har länge varit ett folkhälsoproblem och många människor som är bosatta i närheten av en flygplats har utvecklat ett antal negativa hälsoeffekter av flygtrafikbuller Syfte: Att undersöka hur boende som är bosatta nära flygplatsen Linköping City Airport upplever och påverkas av flygtrafikbuller.  Metod: Studien har utförts som en enkätundersökning med en kvantitativ tvärsnittsdesign. Webbenkäten som har använts som mätinstrument har konstruerats för att besvara syftet. 292 vuxna individer (>18år), varav 158 män och 133 kvinnor, deltog i studien. Insamlad statistiska data har bearbetats och analyserats i SPSS. För att kunna besvara syftet har följande statistiska tester använts: chi2-test, spearmans-korrelationsanalys och logistisk regressionsanalys.   Resultat och konklusion: Boende som är bosatta i Tannefors visade överlag positiva upplevelser till flygtrafiken och var positivt inställda till flygplatsen. De boende som upplevde störningar minst varje vecka vissa delar av året upplevde att flygtrafikbuller medför svårigheter att utföra olika aktiviteter. Kvinnor i den yngsta åldersgruppen upplevde flygtrafikbuller som mer störande jämfört med män. Män hade en mer negativ inställning till flygplatsen jämfört med kvinnor. Boende som rapporterade sämre hälsotillstånd, sömnproblem och användande av öronproppar eller något annat hörselskydd för att kunna sova bättre, sämre sömnkvalitet, trötthet, obehagskänslor, ledsenhet och nedstämdhet, osällskaplighet och att man föredrar att vara ifred, irritation och vresighet, stress, lock eller tinnitus i öronen meddelade också ett större besvär för flygtrafikbuller. / Introduction: Aircraft noise is an example of unwanted sound. The perception of unwanted sound is very individual. What is considered noise by one person may be perceived as non-noise by someone else. However, noise is generally regarded as disturbing noise and is usually something that each individual encounters in their daily life, such as in the workplace, at school, or at home. Noise is considered to be the form of environmental disruption that affects the most people in Sweden. It is a growing problem, and air traffic is considered to be one of the most pervasive outdoor sound sources. Noise problems associated with air traffic are concentrated in areas close to airports, which can affect the health of thousands of residents. Air traffic noise has long been a public health problem, and many people living near an airport have developed a number of negative health effects due to air traffic noise. Purpose: To study how residents living near Linköping City Airport experience and are affected by air traffic noise.   Method: The study has been conducted as a questionnaire survey with a quantitative crosssectional design. The online survey that has been used as a measuring instrument has been designed to answer the purpose. 292 adult subjects (> 18 years), including 158 men and 133 women, participated in the study. Collected statistical data has been processed and analysed in SPSS. In order to answer the purpose, the following statistical tests have been used: chi2 test, Spearman’s correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results and conclusion: Residents living in Tannefors generally had positive experiences from air traffic and were positive towards the airport. The residents who experienced disturbances at least every week during certain parts of the year felt that air traffic noise caused difficulties performing various activities. Women in the youngest age group experienced air traffic noise as more disturbing compared to men. Men had fewer negative attitudes towards the airport compared to women. Residents who reported poorer health conditions, sleep problems and the use of earplugs or other hearing protectors to be able to sleep better, poorer sleep quality, fatigue, discomfort, sadness and depressed mood, low morale, a desire to be left alone, irritation and grief, stress, clogged ear or tinnitus also started that air traffic noise was a major inconvenience.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 分子醫學與生物工程研究所 / 107 / Tinnitus is an anomalous acoustic perception generated without the presence of sounds, and the patients usually suffer from the distressing symptoms. An integrated hypothesis was proposed to explain tinnitus. Tinnitus and hyperacusis are considered to be the side effects of central gain elevation after cochlear insults, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the neural mechanisms of the central gain control in behaving rats. We compared the silence activities and the sound-evoked responses by recording electrocorticography in adult Sprague-Dawley rats before and after administrating sodium salicylate (SS) which is renowned for inducing 10 to 16 kHz tinnitus. Experimental results indicated that both treatments (acute and chronic SS treatments) dramatically increased the silence activities at the anterior auditory cortex (AAC) and posterior auditory cortex (PAC), but the changes of PAC were smaller than AAC. The increased silence activities might be the potential neural marker of tinnitus. For the sound-evoked responses, SS significantly enhanced the response to high frequency tones with moderate to loud intensities at the AAC and PAC, which revealed another side effect of the central gain elevation, hyperacusis. Additionally, further analyses also depicted the association between the increases of neural synchrony and the SS-enhanced evoked-responses, especially to the mild tones, but the SS did not produce similar effects to the transient sounds. It suggested that the SS-increased neural synchrony was at least partially contribute to the central gain elevation. Furthermore, since the AAC have larger enhancement than the PAC, the AAC might be the source of the abnormal perceptions, tinnitus and hyperacusis.

碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 生理學研究所 / 96 / Tinnitus is the most prevalent hearing disorder and patients affected seriously may even commit suicide. Its patho-physiological mechanisms remain obscure and there is no effective cure for tinnitus to this day. Over-doses of salicylate (SA) are well-known to induce tinnitus in humans and behavioral evidence suggested similar effects in animals. Here we aimed to understand the underlying mechanisms of tinnitus by studying changes in auditory evoked potential (AEP) in animals receiving tinnitus-inducing doses of SA. Adult rats, after chronic implantation of epidural low impedance electrodes at the auditory cortex and full recovery from surgery, AEPs were recorded in the conscious state and results were analyzed for possible changes within 3 hours after SA injections (250 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. A variety of sounds were used to evoke auditory potentials, including single click, click trains and tone bursts of various frequencies. Response changes were rather consistent across the 5 days and across animals. Average AEP integrals in the post- stimulus 28 ms were taken as response measure to tone bursts or clicks after SA treatment and in addition signs of loudness recruitment. SA invariably increased the response amplitude of averaged AEP to all sounds tested (p<0.001) and simultaneously reduced their response thresholds. Results were interpreted to reflect mainly cortical components of the hyperacusis associated with the SA-induced tinnitus. The changes in AEP to narrow band signals like tones are more easily interpreted than to broad band signals like clicks. Our finding of elevated gains in the AEP response-level function is consistent with a higher frequency-band activation of the auditory descending pathways, arising likely after SA-suppression of hearing sensitivity at the lower brainstem.

Αντικείμενο της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η σχεδίαση ενός βιοϊατρικού συστήματος που είναι κατάλληλο για την ανίχνευση εμβοών σε ασθενείς. Το σύστημα αυτό αποτελείται από ένα αναλογικό τμήμα το οποίο περιλαμβάνει τους εξαγωγείς ενέργειας ζώνης συχνοτήτων για τα alpha, gamma και theta waves του εγκεφάλου που τροφοδοτούν τα αντίστοιχα κανάλια του συστήματος. Επίσης, το σύστημα περιλαμβάνει και ένα ψηφιακό τμήμα αποτελούμενο από συγκριτές ρεύματος και μια πύλη AND και το οποίο θα χρησιμεύσει για την λήψη της απόφασης σχετικά με το αν πάσχει ή όχι ο ασθενής. Η έξοδος του συστήματος θα οδηγεί ένα σύστημα ανάδρασης, ο οποίος θα προσαρμόζει τα επίπεδα έντασης των αντίστοιχων σημάτων που δέχεται ο ασθενής για την αποφυγή της εμφάνισης του φαινομένου της εμβοής. Η υλοποίηση του συστήματος γίνεται με χρήση MOS transistors τα οποία λειτουργούν στην περιοχή υποκατωφλίου. Η χρήση μικρών ρευμάτων πόλωσης δίνει τη δυνατότητα για σχεδίαση συστημάτων με χαμηλή κατανάλωση ισχύος και ταυτόχρονα επιτρέπει την υλοποίηση μεγάλων τιμών αντιστάσεων, οι οποίες είναι απαραίτητες για την πραγματοποίηση μεγάλων σταθερών χρόνου που απαιτούνται για τη διαχείριση των χαμηλής συχνότητας βιοϊατρικών σημάτων. Στόχος της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη πρωτότυπης τοπολογίας για το αναλογικό τμήμα του συστήματος. Αυτό επιτεύχθηκε με την ανάπτυξη νέων δομών φίλτρων τα οποία λειτουργούν στο πεδίο του υπερβολικού ημιτόνου. Οι κύριοι λόγοι υιοθέτησης αυτής της τεχνικής είναι ότι προσφέρει ταυτόχρονα τα παρακάτω: (α) δυνατότητα επεξεργασίας σημάτων τα οποία είναι μεγαλύτερα από το ρεύμα πόλωσης, λόγω της ενσωματωμένης λειτουργίας σε τάξη-ΑΒ, (β) δυνατότητα λειτουργίας με καλή γραμμικότητα σε πολύ χαμηλή τάση τροφοδοσίας, (γ) ηλεκτρονική ρύθμιση των συχνοτικών χαρακτηριστικών τους από το ρεύμα πόλωσης, (δ) υλοποίηση φίλτρων χωρίς αντιστάτες, (ε) υλοποίηση φίλτρων με χρήση μόνο γειωμένων πυκνωτών. Η σχεδίαση των κυκλωμάτων, τόσο σε επίπεδο σχηματικού, όσο και σε επίπεδο μασκών, έγινε με τη χρήση του λογισμικού Cadence και με το Design Kit που παρέχεται από την τεχνολογία AMS CMOS C35 0.35μm. Συγκρινόμενη με την αντίστοιχη ήδη προταθείσα δομή ανιχνευτή εμβοών, η προτεινόμενη τοπολογία προσφέρει τα παρακάτω ελκυστικά χαρακτηριστικά: (α) μειωμένη κατανάλωση ισχύος και (β) λειτουργία του αναλογικού τμήματος σε μικρότερη τάση τροφοδοσίας (0.5V). / Subject of this M. Sc.Τhesis is the design of a biomedical system that is suitable for detecting tinnitus in patients. This system consists of an analog subsystem comprising band energy extractors for alpha, gamma and theta waves of the EEG that feed the channels of the system. The system also includes a digital section composed of current comparator and AND gate, which will serve as a decision on whether or not the suffering patient. The output of the system will drive a feedback system, which will adjust the intensity levels of the respective signals received by the patient to prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon of tinnitus. The system implementation is done using MOS transistors operating in the subthreshold region. The use of low-level bias currents allows for system design with low power consumption and, simultaneously, enables the implementation of large values of resistors that are necessary for the realization of large time constants required for the handling of low frequency biomedical signals. The aim of this thesis is to develop novel topology for the analog subsystem. Tjhis was achieved through the development ddevelopment of novel structures of filters using the concept of filtering in the Sinh-Domain. The main reasons for using this technique is that it simultaneously offers the following attractive characteristics: (a) capability for processing signals which are larger than the bias current, due to the inherent class-AB operation, (b) ability to achieve a relative high linearity at very low power supply voltage, (c) electronic adjustment of frequency characteristics through the bias current, (d) implementation of filters without resistors, and (e) implementation of filters using only grounded capacitors. The design of circuits, both at schematic and post-layout levels was performed using the Cadence software and the Design Kit provided by the AMS CMOS C35 0.35μm technology. Compared with the corresponding already proposed structure tinnitus detector, the proposed topology to offer the following attractive features: (a) reduced power consumption, and (b) operation of the analog section in lower supply voltage (0.5V).

In der hier präsentierten retrospektiven Studie wurden Daten zur prä- und posttherapeutischen Anamnese von 141 Patienten mit der Diagnose „Lärm-trauma nach Disco- bzw. Rockkonzertbesuch― analysiert und bezüglich des Alters und Geschlechts mit einem Gesamtkollektiv von 4265 Patienten, die aufgrund einer Innenohrerkrankung im Zeitraum vom 20.02.1993 bis 06.12.2003 an der Universitäts-HNO-Klinik in Würzburg stationär behandelt wurden, verglichen. Hinsichtlich des Geschlechts zeigte sich kein Unterschied in beiden Gruppen. Das Verhältnis war fast ausgeglichen (51% männlich, 49% weiblich). Da überwiegend jüngere Menschen Diskotheken oder Rockkonzerte besuchen, lag das Durchschnittsalter mit im Mittel 22,3 Jahren deutlich unter dem des Vergleichskollektivs dieser Studie (44,6 Jahre). Von den 141 Lärmtraumapatienten nach Disco- bzw. Rockkonzertbesuch erlitten 56,7% ein beidseitiges Lärmtrauma. Bis auf ein Patient litten alle unter einseitigem (42,5%) oder beidseitigem (56,7%) Tinnitus. Eine subjektive Hör-minderung lag bei 45,4% der Patienten vor, ein Druck- oder Taubheitsgefühl wurde dagegen seltener, bei ungefähr 6% der Patienten, angegeben. Schwin-delsymptome traten immerhin bei 4% der Patienten auf. Die Auswertung der Audiogramme ergab, dass der Hörverlust im Frequenzbe-reich zwischen 3-6 kHz am größten war. Er betrug im Durchschnitt 21,2 dB bei 4 kHz. Einen Unterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern konnte bezüglich des Hörverlustes nicht festgestellt werden, jedoch fiel dieser bei älteren Patienten höher aus. Als Therapie der ersten Wahl kam ein Schema zum Einsatz, das an das von Prof. Dr. Stennert ursprünglich für die Behandlung der akuten idiopathischen Fazialisparese entwickelte antiphlogistisch-rheologische Infusionsschema angelehnt war. Bei 19 Patienten (13%) sprach diese Therapie nicht an und wurde deshalb modifiziert. Anstelle des Pentoxifyllins und Prednisolons rückte die intravenöse Gabe des Lokalanästhetikums Procain (Novocain). Zum Zeitpunkt der Entlassung konnte bei 32,6% der Patienten subjektive Beschwerdefreiheit und bei 55,4% eine Besserung erreicht werden. Nur knapp 12% empfanden zu diesem Zeitpunkt keine Besserung. Es zeigte sich, dass 4 0 Patienten mit frühem Therapiebeginn signifikant häufiger Beschwerdefreiheit zum Zeitpunkt der Klinikentlassung angaben. Bei 45 von 141 Patienten (31,9%) erfolgte im Mittel 5,64 Monate nach Klinikent-lassung eine Nachkontrolle. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt gaben 71% der Patienten einen persistierenden Tinnitus und 3% eine bestehende subjektive Hörminde-rung an. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie verdeutlichen, dass es zwar zu keiner manifesten Schwerhörigkeit, jedoch zu relevanten Schädigungen der Ohren junger Men-schen kam, die mit einer Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit für zukünftige Hörschä-den einhergeht. Bei vier Patienten lag auch zum Zeitpunkt der Nachkontrolle noch eine messbare Hörminderung vor. Immerhin 32 Patienten klagten zu diesem Zeitpunkt über einen persistierenden Tinnitus. Frühzeitig sollte daher mit der Aufklärung über mögliche Folgen dieser irreversiblen Vorschädigung begonnen werden. Es gilt dabei, den Einfluss der Dauer, Häufigkeit und Stärke des einwirkenden Schalls auf das Gehörschadenpotential sowie die notwendi-gen Erholungsphasen für das Gehör im Rahmen der Prävention zu verdeutli-chen. Die Adressaten solcher Kampagnen sollten neben den Jugendlichen auch die Betreiber von Diskotheken oder Veranstalter von Konzerten sein. Eine staatlich geregelte Schallpegelbegrenzung, wie sie in anderen Ländern üblich ist, wäre ein erster wichtiger Schritt in die richtige Richtung. / Acoustic trauma after discotheque and concert visits

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-29Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000821842.pdf: 642470 bytes, checksum: cf5ed34ad6a088ecb5821c413b7a0a88 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A saúde auditiva de jovens adultos tem sido uma fonte constante de preocupação de profissionais da saúde que atuam nesta área. Essa preocupação se justifica considerando os hábitos destes jovens, que em seus momentos de lazer, frequentam ambientes ruidosos e utilizam estéreos pessoais, hábitos que tem sido considerados como um problema de saúde pública uma vez que põem em risco a saúde auditiva. A literatura relata que uma das consequências em jovens usuários de estéreos pessoais é a queixa de zumbido. Considerando o exposto, objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar e comparar o perfil audiológico de indivíduos usuários ou não de estéreos pessoais, com e sem queixa de zumbido. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo e comparativo, desenvolvido em uma clínica escola de uma universidade pública. Compuseram a amostra deste estudo 60 indivíduos, de ambos os gêneros, com idade variando entre 18 e 30 anos que foram divididos em quatro grupos a saber: grupo amostral 1 (GA1) composto por 18 indivíduos usuários de estéreos pessoais e com queixa de zumbido; grupo amostral 2 (GA2) composto por 22 indivíduos usuários de estéreos pessoais e sem queixa de zumbido; grupo controle 1 (GC1): composto por 12 indivíduos não-usuários de estéreos pessoais e com queixa de zumbido e; grupo controle 2 (GC2): composto por 8 indivíduos não-usuários de estéreos pessoais e sem queixa de zumbido. A avaliação constou dos seguintes procedimentos: anamnese, aplicação de questionário sobre a descrição dos hábitos auditivos e comportamento em relação à exposição a eventos ruidosos, Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS), inspeção visual do meato acústico externo, audiometria tonal liminar, timpanometria e, emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção. Aplicou-se o Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) e, solicitaram-se os exames laboratoriais para os indivíduos com queixa de zumbido. Os resultados deste estudo ... / Hearing health of young adults has been a constant source of concern to health professionals working in this area. This concern is justified considering the habits of these young people, who in their leisure time, attending noisy environments and use personal stereos, habits that have been considered as a public health problem since endanger the hearing health. The literature reports that one of the consequences in young users of personal stereos is complaint about tinnitus. Considering the above, aim of this study was to characterize and compare the audiological profile of individual users or not personal stereos, with and without tinnitus. This is a descriptive and comparative cross-sectional study, conducted in a clinical school at a public university. Comprised the study sample 60 individuals of both genders, aged between 18 and 30 who were divided into four groups: group 1 sample (GA1) composed of 18 individuals users of personal stereos and tinnitus; sample group 2 (GA2) including 22 subjects users of personal stereos and without tinnitus; control group 1 (GC1): composed of 12 individuals who did not use personal stereos and with tinnitus and; control group 2 (GC2): composed of eight individuals who did not use personal stereos and without tinnitus. The evaluation consisted of the following procedures: interview, questionnaire on the description of hearing habits and behavior in relation to exposure to noisy events, Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS), visual inspection of the external auditory canal, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and, otoacoustic emissions distortion product. It was used the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and it was requested laboratory tests for individuals with tinnitus. The results of this study showed no difference in the results of pure tone audiometry and otoacoustic emissions by distortion product between these two groups. By correlating the results of both procedures, it was observed that most of ... / FAPESP: 2013/02850-1

Orientadora: Ana Cláudia Vieira Cardoso / Banca: Tanit Ganz Sanchez / Banca: Ana Claudia Figueiredo Frizzo / Resumo: A saúde auditiva de jovens adultos tem sido uma fonte constante de preocupação de profissionais da saúde que atuam nesta área. Essa preocupação se justifica considerando os hábitos destes jovens, que em seus momentos de lazer, frequentam ambientes ruidosos e utilizam estéreos pessoais, hábitos que tem sido considerados como um problema de saúde pública uma vez que põem em risco a saúde auditiva. A literatura relata que uma das consequências em jovens usuários de estéreos pessoais é a queixa de zumbido. Considerando o exposto, objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar e comparar o perfil audiológico de indivíduos usuários ou não de estéreos pessoais, com e sem queixa de zumbido. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo e comparativo, desenvolvido em uma clínica escola de uma universidade pública. Compuseram a amostra deste estudo 60 indivíduos, de ambos os gêneros, com idade variando entre 18 e 30 anos que foram divididos em quatro grupos a saber: grupo amostral 1 (GA1) composto por 18 indivíduos usuários de estéreos pessoais e com queixa de zumbido; grupo amostral 2 (GA2) composto por 22 indivíduos usuários de estéreos pessoais e sem queixa de zumbido; grupo controle 1 (GC1): composto por 12 indivíduos não-usuários de estéreos pessoais e com queixa de zumbido e; grupo controle 2 (GC2): composto por 8 indivíduos não-usuários de estéreos pessoais e sem queixa de zumbido. A avaliação constou dos seguintes procedimentos: anamnese, aplicação de questionário sobre a descrição dos hábitos auditivos e comportamento em relação à exposição a eventos ruidosos, Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS), inspeção visual do meato acústico externo, audiometria tonal liminar, timpanometria e, emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção. Aplicou-se o Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) e, solicitaram-se ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Hearing health of young adults has been a constant source of concern to health professionals working in this area. This concern is justified considering the habits of these young people, who in their leisure time, attending noisy environments and use personal stereos, habits that have been considered as a public health problem since endanger the hearing health. The literature reports that one of the consequences in young users of personal stereos is complaint about tinnitus. Considering the above, aim of this study was to characterize and compare the audiological profile of individual users or not personal stereos, with and without tinnitus. This is a descriptive and comparative cross-sectional study, conducted in a clinical school at a public university. Comprised the study sample 60 individuals of both genders, aged between 18 and 30 who were divided into four groups: group 1 sample (GA1) composed of 18 individuals users of personal stereos and tinnitus; sample group 2 (GA2) including 22 subjects users of personal stereos and without tinnitus; control group 1 (GC1): composed of 12 individuals who did not use personal stereos and with tinnitus and; control group 2 (GC2): composed of eight individuals who did not use personal stereos and without tinnitus. The evaluation consisted of the following procedures: interview, questionnaire on the description of hearing habits and behavior in relation to exposure to noisy events, Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS), visual inspection of the external auditory canal, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and, otoacoustic emissions distortion product. It was used the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and it was requested laboratory tests for individuals with tinnitus. The results of this study showed no difference in the results of pure tone audiometry and otoacoustic emissions by distortion product ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

碩士 / 國立臺北護理健康大學 / 語言治療與聽力研究所 / 106 / Purpose: Function of auditory efferent pathway on olivocochlear system can be evaluated by measuring contralateral suppression of evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) and speech-in-noise perception (SINP). For normal hearing subjects, previous studies found that when sufficient noise was delivered to the contralateral ear, there will be a positive correlation between the amount of suppression on the EOAEs amplitude and the amount of change in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of improvement on speech-in-noise perception. However, there is still controversy about conclusive evidence shown by the other studies. The purpose of the present study is to examine the differential effects of contralateral noise on the distortion-products OAE (DPOAE) and speech-in-noise perception for both high-frequency hearing loss subjects with tinnitus and normal hearing subjects without tinnitus. Methods: The study comprised 39 participants, performed on 20 normal hearing subjects as the control group, 6 men and 14 women, 25 to 53 years old (mean = 35 years, SD = 9.2 ), and on 19 patients with tinnitus and high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss as the experimental group, 2 men and 17 women, 21 to 55 years old (mean = 44.3 years, SD = 11.5 ). Recruited subjects in the experimental group their hearing loss should be less than 40 dB HL at each of the measured octave intervals from 0.25 to 8 kHz. The DPOAE and speech-in-noise perception were measured in the test ear with and without the presence of contralateral noise. Results: Contralateral noise stimulation decreased DPOAE amplitudes in each group. Meanwhile, the improvement of speech-in-noise perception in the test ear was observed in each group but the significant difference only present on two frequencies in which f2 was 1312 Hz and 2343 Hz. In the control group, a positive correlation can be seen between the suppression amounts of the DPOAE amplitude and the improved change of SNR at the frequency of 2343 Hz. Whereas such a correlation was not observed in the experimental group. Conclusion: The presence of contralateral noise can reduce the DPOAE amplitude and improve the speech-in-noise perception for normal listeners and high-frequency hearing-impaired listeners with tinnitus. However, in our current study with limited participants, only listeners with normal hearing present a correlation between SINP changes and the amount of DPOAE contralateral suppression. Further studies by increasing the sample size are required to allow optimal analysis.

碩士 / 國立中央大學 / 電機工程研究所 / 100 / This dissertation adopted multi-channel MEG to study the steady-state auditory evoked field (SSAEF) responses in tinnitus patients. In this study, 10 right-handed subjects (5 single-side tinnitus patients), aged from 22 to 50 years (mean age at 33 years) were recruited. MEG experiments were performed in a sound-proof magnetic shielding room. MEG data were recorded at 1000 Hz sampling rate. Auditory stimuli were given to subject’s left ear and right ear separately. Preceding the SSAEF study, pure tone stimulations were given to each subject to ensure the sound loudness was within subject’s acceptable range. The stimulation material of SSAEF was 1000Hz sound modulated by 37 Hz modulation frequency. MEG data were segmented into epochs and decomposed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF). Task-related IMFs with 37Hz information were identified to reconstruct noise-suppressed SSAEFs. In this study, we found the SSAEFs have the following characteristics in normal subjects: 1. right brain energy is always greater than the left hemisphere, and 2. Greater responses induced by contralateral auditory stimulation. Neverthelss, no similar finding was concluded in tinnitus patients. We guess it is caused by cerebral cortex plasticity, it makes the brain not normal discharge. And We also found disinhibition of SSAEF response in affected side (tinntus ear), it might caused by the some reason.