The way of genealogy to the library A study in the emergence of a microfilm archive of Växjö Diocese- and Country Library My purpose is to describe the underlying factors that influenced the growth of a microfilm archive of genealogy in Växjö Diocese- and Country Library and analysing the role of the country librarian Eric Eilert in this process. I do this by using an actor and structure analysis.The source material is mostly taken from the Municipal Archives in Växjö. To get a better preunderstanding, I describe how the microfilming of genealogical material was made available by the Mormons, but also the actions of the Swedish government. I also describe specifically what was done in the Växjö Library.My study shows that the specific underlying factors, that influenced the growth of a microfilm archive, was Mormon filming of the Swedish archives, the skills of AB Rekolid, the reorganization to a Diocese- and Country Library in Växjö, the demand of local scientists for research material, further the need of protection of the borrowed documents from abrasion damage and the decision to buy a reading unit.The role of Eric Eilert in the building up process of a microfilm archive was crucial. He was acting as an agent in several different structures such as AB Rekolid, the library board, the land archives in Vadstena, the County council in Kronoberg, the National Archives and the Library in Växjö. He was responsive for the requests and anchored each step of the process within the library board and the County council. He was also behind the financial plan where the county council and the municipalities would share the cost of microfilm archive.

Las técnicas actuales de genotipado masivo de marcadores SNP han proporcionado una herramienta muy útil, tanto para determinar la diversidad como para la mejora genética animal. Sin embargo, en las razas españolas de vacuno de carne su aplicabilidad no ha sido tan evidente hasta ahora. Es por esta razón, que las preguntas más importantes que se plantearon en esta tesis doctoral fueron: 1) determinar la cantidad de variación genética que hay en las principales razas autóctonas de ganado de carne español; 2) estimar la estructuración de esa variación en las distintas poblaciones; 3) calcular las distancias genéticas y tener una visión global del grado de mixtura entre las distintas razas; y 4) explorar la historia y constitución genética de las razas a través del desequilibrio de ligamiento, la persistencia de fases y el tamaño efectivo ancestral con miras a una futura implementación de la selección genómica. Las razas objeto de estudio y el número de trios analizados fueron los siguientes: Asturiana de los Valles (AV, 25), Avileña-Negra Ibérica (ANI, 24), Bruna dels Pirineus (BP, 25), Morucha (Mo, 25), Pirenaica (Pi, 24), Retinta (Re, 23) y Rubia Gallega (RG, 22). Los análisis partieron con la estimación de los parámetros demográficos y poblacionales evaluados mediante un análisis de pedigrís. Los resultados mostraron incrementos continuos de los censos poblacionales y una alta tasa de intercambio de machos reproductores entre rebaños en todas las razas evaluadas. La compleción del pedigrí mostró índices promedio del 92% una generación atrás y del 61% si se consideran seis generaciones previas. Los coeficientes de endogamia promedio variaron entre 0,6% (BP) y 7,2% (Re). El tamaño efectivo de la población, basado en el incremento promedio de la tasa de endogamia individual para generaciones equivalentes, varió entre 19 (Mo) y 90 (AV). El número efectivo de ancestros osciló entre 42 (RG) y 838 (BP) y fue menor de lo que era el número efectivo de fundadores en todas las razas, lo que sugiere la existencia de cuellos de botella en las poblaciones estudiadas. La diversidad y divergencia genética fueron evaluadas por medio de marcadores moleculares de tipo SNP obtenidos a partir de un chip de alta densidad. Los resultados mostraron una heterocigosis esperada de alrededor de 0,30. Por su parte, el análisis de varianza molecular reveló gran diversidad dentro de individuos y un bajo grado de divergencia entre las razas. Las distancias genéticas, estimadas entre cada par de poblaciones, indicaron una estrecha relación. El árbol filogenético neighbor joining y el análisis de componentes principales mostraron dos grupos principales de razas: Pi y BP, por un lado, y ANI, Mo y Re, por el otro. Las razas AV y RG, por su parte, ocuparon una posición intermedia. El análisis de clúster reveló cierto grado de mixtura entre las razas. La magnitud del desequilibrio de ligamiento y la persistencia de las fases haplotípicas, estimadas a partir de los marcadores SNP, disminuyeron a medida que se incrementó la distancia entre los marcadores. Estos resultados indican que con un panel de cómo mínimo 38.000 SNP dentro de cada raza o con un panel de entre 50.000 y 83.000 SNP entre razas sería suficiente para alcanzar un programa de selección genómica exitoso. Por otro lado, la divergencia entre razas se dio aproximadamente en la primera mitad de la Edad Media. Los tamaños efectivos ancestrales revelaron una disminución sustancial hace 200 generaciones, prolongándose de forma continuada hasta la actualidad. Los resultados de este estudio son relevantes para la futura implementación dentro y entre razas de programas de selección genómica en las poblaciones de ganado vacuno español. / Currently, massive SNP genotyping techniques have provided a very useful tool, both to determine the diversity as well for breeding purposes. However, the applicability in the Spanish beef cattle breeds has not been so evident so far. It is for this reason that the most important questions raised in this thesis were: 1) to determine the genetic variation existing in the autochthonous Spanish beef cattle breeds; 2) to estimate the structure of this variation in the different populations; 3) to calculate the genetic distances and get an overview of the degree of admixture between breeds; and 4) to explore the genetic history of the breeds through linkage disequilibrium, persistence of LD phase and the past effective population size to implement genomic selection in the future. The breeds and number of trios used in this study were: Asturiana de los Valles (AV, 24), Avileña-Negra Ibérica (ANI, 24), Bruna dels Pirineus (BP, 25), Morucha (Mo, 25), Pirenaica (Pi, 24), Retinta (Re, 23) and Rubia Gallega (RG, 22). We estimated demographic and population parameters assessed by pedigree analysis. There were continued increases in population censuses and a high exchange rate of breeding males among herds in all breeds studied. Pedigrees showed average of completeness indexes of 92% one generation ago, and 61% six generations ago. Average inbreeding coefficients ranged from 0.6% (BP) to 7.2% (Re). Effective population size based on averages of individual increase of inbreeding by equivalent generations ranged from 19 (Mo) to 90 (AV). Effective number of ancestors ranged from 42 (RG) to 838 (BP), and was lower than was the effective number of founders in all breeds, suggesting the existence of bottlenecks in the populations studied. The genetic diversity and the degree of divergence were evaluated using a high-density SNP chip. The expected heterozygosity was around 0.30. The analysis of molecular variance revealed great diversity within individuals and low degree of divergence among breeds. The genetic distances, estimated between each pair of populations, indicate a close relationship. The neighbor joining phylogenetic tree and the principal component analysis showed two main groups of breeds: Pi and BP on the one hand, and ANI, Mo and Re, on the other. The AV and RG breeds occupied an intermediate position. A cluster analysis revealed some degree of admixture among breeds. The extent of linkage disequilibrium and the persistence of the haplotypic phases, estimated from molecular markers, decreased with the increase of the distance between markers. It is suggested that a minimum boundary of 38,000 and a maximum of 83,000 SNP markers would be needed for within breed and across-breed genomic evaluation, respectively. On the other hand, the divergence among breeds occurred about the first half of the Medieval period. Past effective sizes revealed a substantial decrease since 200 generations ago that continued until today. The results of this study are relevant for the future implementation of within breed and across breed genomic selection programs in the Spanish beef cattle populations.

碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 資訊網路與多媒體研究所 / 104 / Genealogy plays an important role in historical studies. There is a vast amount of Chinese genealogical books, spanning over 500 years and over the entire China proper. The content of a genealogy book usually includes family documents, family tree, kinship, the profiles of the clansmen, ethical norm of family and editing information. These records are influential material for the study of family history, demography, economics, local society, and so on. Computer science can work as a powerful tool for studying genealogical records if we can digitalize and store genealogical data in an efficient way. The idea of digitizing genealogy is not new, but the concept and format are still evolving. The purpose of this study is to investigate an approach and a format to record the information of existing genealogical books, so as to provide an environment for users to transfer the data on Chinese genealogical books into a portable and extendable format; thus enhance the effective use of Chinese genealogical data and provide a way for genealogy researchers to observe and ask questions. The format we propose in this thesis is called JiaPu Markup Language (JPML). Notable genealogical structures such as GEDCOM and China Biographical Database (CBDB) have also been examined and adopted to improve the scalability of JPML. We have also designed interfaces for users to create and edit genealogical records to record the information, especially the lineage and kinship relations between people, from existing genealogical books. All data in our system can be exported into Excel or JPML format.

博士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 歷史學研究所 / 104 / In this study, it focused on the genealogical trees of Chinggisids as the topic. The resources of the lineage I made use of are mainly written in ancient Chinese, Tibetan, New Persian (Farsi), Middle Mongolian, Manchu, ancient Uighur and other languages or scripts. From the ancient ancestors of Genghis Khan until the Mongolian nobilities in mid-Qing dynasty, selected typical cases were investigated for the "differences among records", and "the reasons for the variance or contradiction among the pedigrees", such as the impact caused by the diverse 1.formats of the genealogical charts/2.historical sources/3.historiographical traditions etc., or by different languages, which appeared in the contexts. The importance of the historical records in Non-Chinese languages in this study is very essential and significant. Most of these non-Chinese sources are not the definitive or standard editions, but merely as original manuscripts or copies in the libraries all over the world. There are very large gaps between the manuscripts and the publications or translations of the literature. The editors or translators intentionally or unintentionally changed, generalized or over-corrected the originals so the published texts are not usually very accurate to the urtext. This study demonstrated the so-called "tobčiyan" should not be treated as the traditionally recognized "secret history", but just the collective name for "general archives" or normal "historical books". The genealogical tables recorded in Yuan Shi are not necessarily the whole picture of the real lineage of Chinggisids. The Persian literature as "Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh" etc. and the Tibetan historical records must be examined directly from the important original manuscripts and be verified meticulously to meet the basic requirements of Philological approach. A variety of non-Chinese historical records were studied to reconstruct the unknown contents of the pedigrees and corrections based on these evidences, instead of the existing understanding primarily derived from Chinese records. The study made use of the analysis of historical philology to read between the lines in order to extract the historical backgrounds beyond the literal meaning. Not only using "philological collation" as an analytical tool, also noting the distinct differences in the historical records, it took these varieties as clues to re-collate and inspect the literature to discuss the "origins of the historical sources" and "the interpretations and choices of the writers/editors. " The Persian and Tibetan literature were particularly discussed to explain the problems in the lists of Genghis Khan''s ancestors and the discrepancy of the records of Khagan''s offspring in Yuan Dynasty. The Manchu and Mongolian documents and archives from Ming and Qing dynasties were analyzed to recount the codification and development of the written later Mongolian royal lineage. From the surveying and comparing of the genealogical trees, the documented Mongolian history of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties were argued methodologically. Among the historical records with existing fixed explanations, enlightening new reasonable treatments were submitted by logically debating on the basis of the contents of the major Mongolian royal pedigrees.

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碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 社會與文化研究所 / 104 / This thesis focused on the genre route of Mandarine popular music in post-war Taiwan, using the genealogy to answer the power how to construct the ideology of rock and pop music genre.

博士 / 國立清華大學 / 中國文學系 / 104 / Chinese characters, i.e., Hanzi, represent a major feature of the Chinese language as well as a considerable obstacle in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign or Second Language (TCFL/TCSL). The purpose of this dissertation was to develop TCFL/TCSL methodologies centered around the concept of the Chinese Character Genealogy. The main steps taken to accomplish this task were as follows: 1) discussing the background/theory related to Chinese Character Genealogies, 2) constructing a set of Chinese Character Genealogies, and 3) designing a Hanzi pedagogy and confirming the viability and effectiveness of said pedagogy through an empirical study in a TCSL classroom. In this dissertation, a Chinese Character Genealogy refers to a collection of Hanzi which all share a common root or core component. The mapping of a given Hanzi to its core component is based on an in-depth component analysis of the structure of the Hanzi. In carrying out such an analysis, not only modern Chinese characters are considered, but also the etymology and orthography of the Hanzi. The Hanzi which comprise the Chinese Character Genealogies formulated in this dissertation all come from the Taiwan Ministry of Education list of the most commonly used 4808 Hanzi. The dissertation also discusses the two main developments in the evolution of Chinese characters: simplification and phoneticization, as well as the pedagogical effects wrought by these developments, with an emphasis on the effects of simplified characters. The final part of this dissertation discusses a small scale survey on second language Chinese learners’ acquisition of Hanzi using the pedagogy created by the author. Results of the survey suggested that learners felt utilizing Chinese Character Genealogies enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of their acquisition of Hanzi. Feedback from the survey also indicated the learners developed a more positive attitude toward learning Hanzi resulting from use of the Genealogies.

碩士 / 國立高雄師範大學 / 客家文化研究所 / 104 / This study aims at exploring the compilation of contemporary genealogy as well as the meaning of it being presented to Taiwanese society. The source of information in the study comes from the basic achievement and the thoughts during the process through the five-year genealogy compilation of Tingzhou Hakkas, the Lians from Shiman District of New Taipei City. Genealogy is a crucial foundation of the Han patriarchal system as well as the glory and identification of its members. The researcher found that the part of genealogy study is the accordance of migrating route, and the other part of it is exploring the meaning and the compilating process of specific family through the reorganization of studies related to genealogy. This study belongs to the latter according to the goal and methods. The Taiwanese Lians in northern coastal area moved to Wuping Couty in Fujian in Ching Dynasty, and they flourished when gathering Alibang, at the same time doing farming known as” Lian I-Cheng.” Part of the members can still memorize the Hakka words of Wuping tone. The Hakka Conciousness has been weakened and has become even worse because of evaculation due to the consturction of the first nuclear powerplant in Alibang Village in 1970s. The researchers experiences the evaculation and started exploring the origin of the Lians, thus began the unstopped study of genealogy until now. The researcher tried his best to collect the different versions of genealogy from each periond of times and made records of the truth, the goodness and the beauty of them. The study throughly described the process from the thoughts, prliminary preparation, genealogy collecting to formal compilation. The study also did a comparison between what has been changed as well as deleted of five-versions genealogies from Ching Dynasty through now. The contemparaty law puts an empasis on equal rights between men and women, thus the researcher advocated putting women into the genealogy made by himself, which has never been seen in the old versions. The comclusion of the study points out that what has been put into the genealogy is subjective because the the researcher did have the experience of compiiling genealogy and he also becomes a researcher of Hakka by chance. Therefore, not only did he observe and get the first-handed information but digging out the hidden messages behind the compilation of genealogy which couldn’t be found by readers and even didn’t be mentioned by the researcher at fthe very first beginning. As a self-study, the researcher sound that the compilation isn’t neutral, and what was been written in it and the meaning of formal patriarchal system caused pressure and did harm to part of members instead. Even so, however, the function of genealogy has obviously changed in present times, and it leads the researcher to make a more serious consideration of how it should be among the genealogy which is going to be finished. This self-study is expected to be a contribution of how the Tingzhou Hakkas find the family origin, face the seperation of their members, and present an observation of contemporary family tree compilation.

How have we come to hear melody as going “up” or “down”? Why does the Western world predominantly adopt spatial terms such as “high” and “low” to distinguish musical notes while other non-Western cultures use non-spatial terms such as “large” and “small” (Bali), or “clear” and “dull” (South Korea)? Have the changing concepts of motion and space in people’s everyday lives over history also changed our understanding of musical space? My dissertation investigates the Western concept of music space as it has been shaped by social change into the way we think about music today. In our understanding of music, the concept of the underlying space is so elemental that it is impossible for us to have any fruitful discourse about music without using inherently spatial terms. For example a term interval in music denotes the distance between two combined notes; but, in fact, two sonic objects are neither near nor far from each other. This shows that our experience of hearing interval as a combination of different notes is not inherent in the sound itself but constructed through cultural and social means. In Western culture, musical sound is often conceptualized through various metaphors whose source domains reflect the society that incubated these metaphorical understandings. My research investigates the historical formation of the conceptual metaphor of music. In particular, I focus on historical formation of the three underlying assumptions we bring to our hearing of music: (1) “high” and “low” notes and motion between them, (2) functionality of musical chords, and (3) reliance on music notation. In each chapter, I contextualize various music theoretical writings within the larger framework of philosophy and social theory to show that our current understanding of musical sound is embedded with the history of Western culture.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walisson Pereira Fernandes.pdf: 3336996 bytes, checksum: 5e0932a05bfd9f262378354964e1b59b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Straight edge is the word used to describe persons who, in their everyday lives, are allied to the punk to not use substances considered addictive as alcohol, tobacco and psychoactive. Its beginnings derive from the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States. However, the genealogical analysis of their practices through the centuries, going back to abstainers movements of the United States and England between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and its ballast in the formation of moral, instilling in policy that determine behavior. With the emergence of punk in the 1970s as criticism of moralism, society and the state, the straight edge emerges in this context bringing a punk hygiene and, over the years, has become more violent and reductionist, emancipating itself from protoform and pouring a new ways to build and to solidify. The straight edge approached the environmental movements, looking to list anarchist aspects in their practice, but only reiterated other political forms that are linked more to progressivism that, in fact, to anarchism. In this purpose, several straight edgers who sought anarchism as a way of life, broke with the straight edge to proceed their libertarian path, and kept at the same time, the practical abstainers without the use of the nomenclature that identified previously. In Brazil, similar to what happened in the United States and Europe, the intensification of the straight edge scene brought also the anarchist cells of eruption for the construction of a group of vegan orientation appropriating an anarchist nomenclature for its consolidation among young libertarians causing not only the bedlam among their peers, but catches of anarchism and punk / Straight edge é a palavra utilizada para descrever os sujeitos que, em suas vidas cotidianas, aliam-se ao punk de modo a não utilizarem substâncias consideradas viciantes, como álcool, tabaco e psicoativos. Seus começos derivam do final da década de 1970 e começo da década de 1980 nos Estados Unidos. No entanto, a análise genealógica de suas práticas atravessa os séculos, remontando aos movimentos abstêmios dos Estados Unidos e da Inglaterra entre os séculos XIX e XX e seu lastro na formação da moral, infundindo na elaboração de políticas que determinariam condutas. Com o surgimento do punk na década de 1970 como crítica aos moralismos, à sociedade e ao Estado, o straight edge emerge neste contexto trazendo uma higienização do punk e, com o passar dos anos, se tornou mais violento e reducionista, desvinculando-se de sua protoforma e vertendo novos meios para se construir e se solidificar. O straight edge aproximou-se dos movimentos ambientalistas, procurando elencar aspectos anarquistas em sua prática, mas reiterou apenas outras formas políticas que vinculam-se mais a progressismos que, de fato, aos anarquismos. Neste intento, vários straight edgers que procuraram os anarquismos como forma de vida, romperam com o straight edge para dar prosseguimento a sua trajetória libertária, e mantiveram, ao mesmo tempo, as práticas abstêmias sem o uso da nomenclatura que os identificava anteriormente. No Brasil, semelhantemente ao ocorrido nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, a intensificação da cena straight edge trouxe, ainda, o irrompimento de células anarquistas para a construção de um grupo de orientação vegana apropriando-se de uma nomenclatura anarquista para sua consolidação entre jovens libertários, causando não apenas a balbúrdia entre seus pares, mas capturas dos anarquismos e do punk