This report presents an investigation into some merging options between an upper-layer Bluetooth (BT) protocol stack with a lower-layer ECMA-368/9 Ultra Wideband (UWB) radio connection. A Bluetooth over Ultra Wideband (BToUWB) system is implemented by channelling an existing compliant Bluetooth connection’s data over an Ultra Wideband Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) layer radio channel. The aim of this project is to provide a description of the methodology used to create a BToUWB link and evaluate some advantages pertaining to the merger between the two Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technologies. Prior to channelling data over a UWB connection, a compliant Bluetooth and UWB connection were configured between two Linux enabled computers by use of Bluetooth and UWB enabled Universal Serial Bus (USB) dongles. BlueZ, the official Bluetooth stack for Linux, were used to implement a modified Bluetooth stack. By modifying the open source BlueZ files, the Host Controller Interface (HCI) commands sent to the HCI sublayer by upper layer Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) and Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO) implementations were hijacked and routed to a UWB “router and convergence” implementation for transmission over the UWB subsytem. Similarly lower level HCI events were spoofed to the L2CAP and SCO layers by the UWB convergence implementation upon receiving packets from the UWB subsystem. The commercial availability of UWB hardware through Wireless USB dongles enabled the realization of a compliant UWB link between the systems, requiring special driver modifications and Intel provided firmware to establish a WiMedia Logical Link Control Protocol (WLP) network. A specially developed test program generates L2CAP, Radio Frequency Communication (RFCOMM) and SCO Bluetooth data for testing the BToUWB link. The various Bluetooth data packets are routed from the Bluetooth stack to a developed kernel space routing module, which encapsulated the packets and route them via the WLP interface over the wireless high-speed UWB network to the remote system. On the remote side, the packets propagate its way back up through the UWB hardware and software module, and to the router module via call-back functions in the WLP interface. The router module strips the headers and injects the packets back into the Bluetooth L2CAP, RFCOMM or SCO layer for further Bluetooth processing. A test program running on the remote system, receives the test data and loops it back for asynchronous analyses, or stores it for later comparison in synchronous analyses. The results obtained from the system analyses shows how a Bluetooth system can benefit from implementing UWB as lower layer wireless interface over a short range by either improved asynchronous bandwidth, or synchronous reliability. The results also show some limitations of the pilot UWB hardware and firmware available over longer distances. In general, the successful transmission of Bluetooth data over the BToUWB implemented system proves the HCI layer to be a viable mergence point between the two protocols. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

The invention of closed circuit television (CCTV) has initiated a new trend in high security by video surveillance. More recently, CCTV cameras have been incorporating wireless LAN technology for data transfer purposes by using on chip memory storage until the time of update. In this thesis, short range communication such as Bluetooth low energy (Bluetooth smart) is used in order to perform simple I/O applications. The two important components of the project are the camera and the Bluetooth module box. An external antenna is designed for the connectivity box and the operating range of the box is deduced by using link budget. The blue cool connectivity box is assessed by defining the capabilities of the box, i.e., simple I/O operations. Field test measurements for the designed antenna provide optimum communication range. The thesis also reviews software simulation tools that are essential for antenna design and path loss modelling. The efficiency of simulated measurements versus real-time measurements are also assessed. The primary target of the thesis is to detail the design of a cost-effective antenna based on link budget calculations and perform basic I/O tasks wirelessly between the blue cool connectivity box and the camera. It is concluded that in future works, advanced operations can be added on to the existing model. It is also suggested that a model for multi floor communication can be designed.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Automação e Sistemas, Florianópolis, 2016. / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T04:29:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 341919.pdf: 3937279 bytes, checksum: 69037609e22f6845f7ef05fd7bfabc98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Engenheiros de tráfego e gestores dos sistemas de transportes coletivos necessitam de informações atualizadas sobre passageiros transportados para o gerenciamento de tais sistemas. Informações de ônibus são difíceis de obter; por exemplo, apenas o embarque de passageiros é registrado, portanto não há como assegurar o número de passageiros a bordo em um trecho qualquer do itinerário; também, não é possível determinar o ponto de destino dos passageiros, ainda que a origem destes possa ser estimada com base na bilhetagem eletrônica. Nos últimos anos, smartphones e dispositivos móveis vêm sendo usados para coleta de informações de trânsito e também sobre o transporte coletivo. Entretanto, estas aplicações não se comunicam com dispositivos próximos. Cada smartphone coleta dados individualmente. O estabelecimento de uma rede de smartphones permite a troca de informações com dispositivos próximos incentivando processamento local e troca de informações. Nesta tese é proposto um novo algoritmo chamado Bluemob para estabelecer redes usando a tecnologia Bluetooth entre passageiros embarcados no ônibus. Este algoritmo é projetado especificamente para as necessidades e particularidades de ambientes pequenos e dinâmicos. Dadas as dimensões de um ônibus, todos os passageiros estarão dentro do raio de comunicação um do outro. Além disso, passageiros entram e descem do ônibus frequentemente. Logo, o algoritmo de formação trata a saída e entrada de dispositivos na rede. Bluemob representa a informação da propensão da saída da rede de cada dispositivo e utiliza esta informação para organizar a topologia e estrutura da rede. A corretude de Bluemob é verificada, garantindo que o algoritmo atende aos requisitos e propriedades estipuladas. Validação do algoritmo é realizado através de simulação, que apontam melhora de até 75% nos tempos envolvidos para reconstrução da rede após a saída de nós da rede quando comparados a algoritmos clássicos. Avaliação qualitativa da estrutura interna da rede mostra que a estrutura imposta pelo algoritmo aumenta sua resiliência a saída de nós quando comparado a outros algoritmos.<br> / Abstract : Traffic engineers and public transit systems managers need updated information on passengers being transported, for managing and operating these systems. Bus related information are hard to gather; for instance, if only passenger boarding is registered, there is no way to ensure the number of passengers on board at some point in time along the itinerary; also, it is not possible to assert the destination of the passengers, despite that their origin can be inferred based on electronic fare systems. In the past few years, smartphones and mobile devices have been used to gather traffic and transit information. However, these application do not communicate with neighboring devices. Each smartphone gathers data individually. The establishment of a smartphone network allows the exchange of information among nearby devices, allowing local processing and information exchange. In this thesis it is proposed a new algorithm called Bluemob for establish networks among passengers on board of a bus using Bluetooth technology. This algorithm is designed specifically for the needs and particularities of small and dynamic environments. Given the relatively small size of a bus, all passengers are in communication range from one another. Besides that, passengers board and alight from the bus frequently. Therefore, the formation algorithm must deal with devices joining and leaving the network. Bluemob represents the likelihood of a node exiting the network and uses this information to better organize the network topology and structure. The correctness of Bluemob is verified, guaranteeing that the algorithm have the stipulated properties and requirements. Algorithm evaluation is done through simulation, that show an improvement of up until 75% on the times needed for rebuilding the network after the nodes leaving the network when compared to other algorithms. Qualitative evaluation of the internal structure of the network show that the structure achieved by the algorithm increases its resilience to nodes exiting when compared to other algorithm.

Environmental factors can have a significant impact on an individual's health and well-being, and a primary characteristic of environments is air quality. Air sensing equipment is available to the public, but it is often expensive,stationary, or unusable for persons without technical expertise. The goal of this project is to develop an inexpensive and portable sensor module for public use. The system is capable of measuring temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit, heat index, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. The sensor module, referred to as the "sniffer," consists of a printed circuit board that interconnects a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature/humidity sensor, an Arduino microcontroller, and a Bluetooth module. The sniffer is small enough to be worn as a pendant or a belt attachment, and it is rugged enough to consistently collect and transmit data to a user's smartphone throughout their workday. The accompanying smartphone app uses Bluetooth and GPS hardware to collect data and affix samples with a time stamp and GPS coordinates. The accumulated sensor data is saved to a file on the user's phone, which is then examined on a standard computer.

abstract: Wearable technology has brought in a rapid shift in the areas of healthcare and lifestyle management. The recent development and usage of wearable devices like smart watches has created significant impact in areas like fitness management, exercise tracking, sleep quality assessment and early diagnosis of diseases like asthma, sleep apnea etc. This thesis is dedicated to the development of wearable systems and algorithms to fulfill unmet needs in the area of cardiorespiratory monitoring. First, a pneumotach based flow sensing technique has been developed and integrated into a face mask for respiratory profile tracking. Algorithms have been developed to convert the pressure profile into respiratory flow rate profile. Gyroscope-based correction is used to remove motion artifacts that arise from daily activities. By using Principal Component Analysis, the follow-up work established a unique respiratory signature for each subject based on the flow profile and lung parameters computed using the wearable mask system. Next, wristwatch devices to track transcutaneous gases like oxygen (TcO2) and carbon dioxide (TcCO2), and oximetry (SpO2) have been developed. Two chemical sensing approaches have been explored. In the first approach, miniaturized low-cost commercial sensors have been integrated into the wristwatch for transcutaneous gas sensing. In the second approach, CMOS camera-based colorimetric sensors are integrated into the wristwatch, where a part of camera frame is used for photoplethysmography while the remaining part tracks the optical signal from colorimetric sensors. Finally, the wireless connectivity using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in wearable systems has been explored and a data transmission protocol between wearables and host for reliable transfer has been developed. To improve the transmission reliability, the host is designed to use queue-based re-request routine to notify the wearable device of the missing packets that should be re-transmitted. This approach avoids the issue of host dependent packet losses and ensures that all the necessary information is received. The works in this thesis have provided technical solutions to address challenges in wearable technologies, ranging from chemical sensing, flow sensing, data analysis, to wireless data transmission. These works have demonstrated transformation of traditional bench-top medical equipment into non-invasive, unobtrusive, ergonomic & stand-alone healthcare devices. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2020

The master thesis deals with the possibilities for monitoring the operation of ultralight aircraft or helicopters . The aim is to create a system for the determination of aircraft operating parameters with a main focus on motion detection and evaluation . The thesis describes speed sensing methods , acceleration measurement , frequency measurement methods , wireless communication , serial line communication , hardware and software implementation of the embedded system, and finally description of the implementation of the mobile application .

Monitoring of the carbon dioxide concentration in the building is carried out for several reasons. One is to ensure hygiene conditions. With the advent of Bluetooth 5.0 came the support of mesh network technology, which is defined by the Bluetooth Mesh standard. By implementing this standard, we can create an extensive network of devices monitoring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the building. Based on the monitored concentration, we can control the air conditioning and ventilation of the spaces, ensuring that the hygiene conditions are met. Thanks to the compatibility of Bluetooth Mesh with Bluetooth Low Energy, it is possible to access individual nodes, e.g. from a mobile phone. The aim of this work is to design and implement a measuring system whose elements will communicate with each other using Bluetooth Mesh wireless technology.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to design and create a prototype of automatic pipetting head that will be useful for pipetting in laboratories after attaching it to a robotic manipulator. In the beginning, a research about various types of automatic pipetting heads was made followed by a device design and component analysis. The prototype was made using 3D printing method and it utilises a peristaltic pump, Arduino microcontroller and Bluetooth interface. A measurement of repeatability and dispensing accuracy was made on the finished device. The results are evaluated in the conclusion.

This thesis describes how to build a solution for transmitting data from an           Electroencephalography (EEG) device to a server in real-time while guiding the user through a number of predefined exercises. This solution will be used by Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients suffering from neuropathic pain, in order to understand if it is possible to predict such pain from EEG. The collected data will help clinicians analyze the brain activity data from patients who can submit the data from their home. To accomplish this development task, an application was built that connects to a portable EEG device, gather brain activity data from patients, guides patients through a set of imaginary tasks and sends the data to a server. This project made use of a Software Development Kit (SDK) for the Python programming language and a web sockets server written in JavaScript. The application was tested both in terms of usability and end-to-end latency, showing high usability and low latency. The proposed solution will support a clinical trial in Spain with 40 SCI patients.

This Graduate Thesis is about communication module for optical wireless network. This device read data from RS232 port and two analog inputs and sends it through internet to a remote Computer. Furthermore allows voice communication between local user on module and user on remote computer. Device allows communication with standard headphones and microphone, or with Bluetooth handsfree. Basic part is microprocessor MCF5223 and Bluetooth Ezurio BISM II module. Control program has been written in C language. Printed circuit is created by EAGLE program. This device is managed via web interface and settings have been stored into EEPROM memory. Work contains description of separately parts and blocks, source code of program, description of source code and printed circuit designs.