The review of the literature and the results gained from this research suggest an important link between the effectiveness of a board, including its corporate governance practices, and organisational effectiveness. This link attests to the importance of a greater focus upon the governance approach used by organisations. There is extensive literature about corporate governance in the business sector and there is emerging research into corporate governance in the Third Sector. However there is very little literature about the community service component on the Third Sector in Australia and none in relation to community service organisations that are incorporated under the Tasmanian Associations Incorporation Act 1964. This thesis aims to discover what is defined as best practice in the area of corporate governance for Tasmanian community service organisations and if selected organisations have adopted that best practice. For this purpose a research problem and three research sub-problems are identified. The research adopts a case study approach as the main research methodology using interviews, document reviews and a short self assessment questionnaire as data collection tools. The researcher approached six incorporated community service organisations funded by the Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services and they agreed to participate in the research. Following data collection and data analysis the following major findings emerge. Firstly, that case organisations have adopted a range of governance practices. There are significant gaps in some organisations and there is room for improvement in all of the case organisations. Secondly, that some case organisation boards are approaching corporate governance by managing compliance to a minimum standard although others are offering strategic leadership with a commitment to quality and best practice. Thirdly, the research identifies a number of factors that impact upon corporate governance in case organisations. Those factors include the role of the Chief Executive Officer; the quest for competitive advantage; implementation of governance maintenance strategies and the impact of religion for religious-based organisations. Finally, the research also identifies three factors that were not determinative upon case organisations. They are the size of the organisation, the governance model being used, and the influence of the regulator (the Business Affairs Office) and the funding provider (the Department of Health and Human Services). Consequently it is concluded that the principle based approach to corporate governance can be extended to Tasmania. Furthermore the implication of this research for community sector organisations is that they need to implement governance maintenance practices including board training, board performance review and governance review. There is also a call to both the Business Affairs Office and the Department of Health and Human Services to be more proactive in requiring community service organisations to adopt additional corporate governance practices. Hence, based on the literature review and the analysis of the research data, a list of “Best practice features and practices guiding community service organisation governance” has been developed. This list can be used by organisations to provide direction for their approach to corporate governance. Finally, the conclusions provide a solid foundation for further study. This will be useful in order to obtain a broader understanding of the issues involved.

The review of the literature and the results gained from this research suggest an important link between the effectiveness of a board, including its corporate governance practices, and organisational effectiveness. This link attests to the importance of a greater focus upon the governance approach used by organisations. There is extensive literature about corporate governance in the business sector and there is emerging research into corporate governance in the Third Sector. However there is very little literature about the community service component on the Third Sector in Australia and none in relation to community service organisations that are incorporated under the Tasmanian Associations Incorporation Act 1964. This thesis aims to discover what is defined as best practice in the area of corporate governance for Tasmanian community service organisations and if selected organisations have adopted that best practice. For this purpose a research problem and three research sub-problems are identified. The research adopts a case study approach as the main research methodology using interviews, document reviews and a short self assessment questionnaire as data collection tools. The researcher approached six incorporated community service organisations funded by the Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services and they agreed to participate in the research. Following data collection and data analysis the following major findings emerge. Firstly, that case organisations have adopted a range of governance practices. There are significant gaps in some organisations and there is room for improvement in all of the case organisations. Secondly, that some case organisation boards are approaching corporate governance by managing compliance to a minimum standard although others are offering strategic leadership with a commitment to quality and best practice. Thirdly, the research identifies a number of factors that impact upon corporate governance in case organisations. Those factors include the role of the Chief Executive Officer; the quest for competitive advantage; implementation of governance maintenance strategies and the impact of religion for religious-based organisations. Finally, the research also identifies three factors that were not determinative upon case organisations. They are the size of the organisation, the governance model being used, and the influence of the regulator (the Business Affairs Office) and the funding provider (the Department of Health and Human Services). Consequently it is concluded that the principle based approach to corporate governance can be extended to Tasmania. Furthermore the implication of this research for community sector organisations is that they need to implement governance maintenance practices including board training, board performance review and governance review. There is also a call to both the Business Affairs Office and the Department of Health and Human Services to be more proactive in requiring community service organisations to adopt additional corporate governance practices. Hence, based on the literature review and the analysis of the research data, a list of “Best practice features and practices guiding community service organisation governance” has been developed. This list can be used by organisations to provide direction for their approach to corporate governance. Finally, the conclusions provide a solid foundation for further study. This will be useful in order to obtain a broader understanding of the issues involved.

Doctoral thesis in Swedish, 1995. / Added title page in English: Images of organizations; on thought as a basis for action. Summary in English, p. 227. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Queen's University (Kingston, Ont.), 1992. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 412-424).

This thesis explores how research is implicated in the constitution of post-war environments, and gives an account of being and becoming a researcher in post-war Bosnia. My main contention is that when peace and conflict researchers conduct research in post-war contexts, their presence, practices, and the consequential production of knowledge and representations, have political effects. I argue that the implications of this have not been fully explained, acknowledged, or problematised within Conflict Resolution, which tends to rely on research approaches and assumptions taken from ‘normal’ science. This thesis suggests how reflexivity and alternatives methodologies, including visual research might be used to represent the emotional, sensory, and often intangible elements of post-war realities. It enacts an engagement in the politics of research and uses reflexive writing and visual methods to draw attention to the importance of the relational aspects of research in postwar environments. Visual journeys are also used to argue that visual methods can provide a way of revisiting the epistemological and ontological assumptions about lived experiences and realities in post-war settings. The thesis is based upon one year of ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in Bosnia, and is also informed by eighteen months of volunteer work with a Bosnian Community Centre in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire.

L’objectif, dans cette dissertation, est de comprendre l'interaction des organisations internationales avec le gouvernement brésilien dans la gestion de la migration, à partir des années 2000, une période pendant laquelle le Brésil devient destination de nouveaux flux migratoires. Pour comprendre la relation entre le Brésil et les organisations internationales ainsi que la visibilité internationale comme destination de ces immigrants, on discute, d'abord, l'insertion internationale du pays grâce à sa politique étrangère multilatérale. Il semble que, après les années 2000, le Brésil gagnerait de la visibilité sur la scène internationale en raison d'une politique extérieure plus active et participative au sein de ces organisations par des partenariats avec d'autres pays émergents et de l’engagement dans les projets de coopération Sud-Sud. Ce contexte en conjonction avec d'autres variables telles que l'augmentation de la migration au niveau international, contribuerait à la perception du Brésil en tant que destination de migration et de même expliquerait la plus grande responsabilité du pays pour donner des réponses condescendantes à son implication et sa participation multilatérale. Il est pertinent, comme point de vue théorique pour l'analyse des recherches empiriques, d'étudier des organisations internationales en tant qu'acteurs capables d'exécuter des activités propres à travers leurs structures institutionnelles et l'Etat comme un acteur non-unitaire dans les relations internationales. Dans le cas de la gestion des migrations au Brésil, on s'aperçoit qu'il y a des avis divergents entre les différents acteurs nationaux responsables, en particulier en ce qui concerne le contenu d'une nouvelle loi sur l'immigration afin de remplacer le Statut de l'Étranger (Estatuto do Estrangeiro). Nous identifions que les organisations internationales, à leur tour, ont comme objectif de leurs actions, en initiatives avec des organismes gouvernementaux brésiliens, la construction d'une gouvernance internationale pour la migration qui relie d'abord la coordination nationale et régionale. Pour comprendre, dès lors, la participation des organisations internationales dans la gestion migratoire brésilienne, nous analysons l'interaction entre les intérêts de ces organisations et ceux du niveau national du gouvernement brésilien à travers les documents du gouvernement brésilien et des organisations internationales, la référence bibliographique dans le domaine ainsi que la réalisation des entretiens avec des experts du gouvernement et ces organisations internationales travaillant avec la question migratoire. / Nesta dissertação, objetiva-se compreender a interação das organizações internacionais com o governo brasileiro na gestão migratória, a partir dos anos 2000, período em que o Brasil torna-se destino de novos fluxos migratórios. Para compreensão da relação do Brasil com as organizações internacionais e também da visibilidade internacional como um destino para esses imigrantes, discorre-se, primeiramente, sobre a inserção internacional do país através da sua política externa multilateral. Constata-se que, depois dos anos 2000, o Brasil ganharia visibilidade na esfera internacional devido a uma política externa mais ativa e participativa no âmbito dessas organizações por meio de parcerias com outros países emergentes e liderança em projetos de cooperação sul-sul. Esse contexto conjuntamente com outras variáveis, como o aumento dos fluxos migratórios a nível internacional, contribuiria para a percepção do Brasil como um destino migratório e, da mesma forma, explicaria a maior responsabilidade do país em dar respostas condescendentes ao seu envolvimento e participação multilateral. Mostra-se relevante, como perspectiva teórica para a análise da pesquisa empírica, o estudo das organizações internacionais como atores capazes de executar atividades próprias por meio de suas estruturas institucionais e o Estado como um ator não unitário nas relações internacionais. No caso da gestão migratória brasileira, percebe-se que existem visões divergentes entre os diferentes atores domésticos responsáveis, sobretudo, com relação ao conteúdo de uma nova lei migratória que substitua o Estatuto do Estrangeiro. Por parte das organizações internacionais, por sua vez, identifica-se como um objetivo de sua atuação, em iniciativas com organismos governamentais brasileiros, a construção de uma governança internacional para migrações que perpassa, primeiramente, a coordenação nacional e regional. Para compreender, portanto, a participação de organizações internacionais na gestão migratória brasileira, analisa-se a interação entre os interesses dessas organizações e aqueles do nível doméstico do Estado brasileiro através de documentos do governo brasileiro e das organizações internacionais, do referencial bibliográfico na área e da realização de entrevistas com especialistas do governo e dessas organizações internacionais que trabalham com a temática migratória. / The objective of this thesis is to understand the interaction between international organizations and the Brazilian government on the issue of migration management as of the beginning of the century, when Brazil became a destination for new migration flows. To understand the relationship between Brazil and international organizations in addition to the international visibility the country has acquired as a destination for migrants, we first present Brazil’s international insertion through its multilateral foreign policies. What can be observed is that, since the 2000s, Brazil has gained visibility in the international sphere due to a more active and participatory foreign policy in the area of these organizations through partnerships with other emerging countries and leadership in projects of South-South cooperation. This context, along with other variables such as the increase in migration flows on an international scale, has contributed to the perception of Brazil as a destination for migration. This would explain the country’s heightened responsibility to respond leniently as a measure of its multilateral involvement and participation. We show that the study of international organizations, as actors who are able to carry out their own actions by means of their institutional structures, and the State as a non-unique actor in international relations is relevant as a theoretical perspective on the analysis of empirical research. In the case of Brazilian migration management, it can be seen that there exist divergent visions between the different domestic actors who are responsible, above all, for the content of a new law on migration that would replace the Statute on the Foreigner (Estatuto do Estrangeiro). As for international organizations, one of the objectives of their work, in initiatives with Brazilian government organisms, can be identified as the construction of international governance for migrations that exceed national and regional coordination. Thus, to understand the participation of international organizations in Brazilian migration management, we analyse: the interaction between the interests of these organizations and those at the domestic level of the Brazilian State through documents published by the Brazilian government and international organizations; the bibliographical references of the area; and the responses in interviews with government and international organizations specialists working on the theme of migration.

Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une nouvelle démarche méthodologique de réorganisation d’un réseau logistique. L’objectif est d’aider le décideur à choisir la meilleure configuration de la chaine logistique sur des critères de durabilité sans disposer d’un très grand nombre de données et d’informations au niveau tactique et opérationnel de ses processus d’entreprise. Notre travail de recherche a permis de développer un modèle d’aide à la décision intégrant les aspects de durabilités, de RSO dans la chaîne logistique, basé sur le formalisme des modèles graphiques causaux. Une telle solution a permis de lever quelques verrous scientifiques comme le traitement des retours d’expériences et l’élicitation de données et de performances parfois ambigus particulièrement lorsqu’il s’agit de responsabilité sociétale. Le déroulement de la méthode et le détail de la contribution ont été décliné séquentiellement sur un cas d’école. Le dernier chapitre a été consacré à l’étude de cas d’une entreprise de la chaîne logistique inverse.La structure de ma thèse se décline en deux parties : une première pour l’état de l’art et une deuxième pour la contribution scientifique et l’application.Le chapitre 1 définit la responsabilité sociétale des organisations et décrit ses normes et labels avec un sue synthèse documentaire et hypothèses.Le chapitre 2 présente la définition et les éléments d’une chaine logistique durable pour faire une classification de différentes typologies et déduire les enjeux et les problématiques liées à la notion de durabilité de la chaine logistique. Et on finira la première partie de l’état de l’art par une évaluation probabiliste et bayésienne des performances dans la chaine logistique, toute en présentant les différentes méthodes et outil de modélisation de l’entreprise avec une définition des différents critères d’évaluation de la chaine et on listant les indicateurs de performances appropriés.Le chapitre 4 développe un modèle de contribution des processus à la durabilité de la chaine logistique.Nous proposons une démarche d’évaluation des performances de durabilité dans un réseau d’un réseau de partie prenante au niveau du cinquième chapitre.Notre dernier chapitre s’intéresse à appliquer notre modèle sur un cas industriel réel. / .../...

Civil organisations play a key intermediary role in the middle layer between high- level policies and individual-level outcomes in international development. By triangulating among seven Chinese HIV civil organisations with varying organisational models, I examine intermediary activity that illuminates the mechanisms by which civil organisations operate and extends theory about organisations and civil society. Development studies research can benefit from multi-level analyses of organisational processes, which provide insight into how civil organisations shape institutions and networks. My case studies show several new mechanisms that enable organisations to survive and operate in politically fraught conditions, and they offer insight into the complex interactions that allow civil organisations to operate in such contexts. First, HIV civil organisations manage associative stigma resultant from their core activities. I observe that market relationships can buffer against associative stigma transfer for organisations, with many leaders re-positioning their organisations relative to stigmatised individuals, recasting them as employees, customers, and users rather than constituents. Second, these groups use hybrid organising to better manage political risks and build partnerships through selective coupling of organisational components. Hybrid strategies can provide resilience to threats and improve resource management in institutionally plural environments. Third, HIV civil organisations engage in detached, informal, and interactive collaboration with state actors, enabling greater autonomy and innovation among civil actors and reducing risk for state actors. I trace interactions between these strategic activities at the levels of organisational activities, structures, and networks, finding that reproducing ambiguity can sustain new types of collaborations. These findings suggest a need to reconsider the role civil organisations play in society, calling attention to organisational processes that allow these actors agency in brokering flows of information and shaping formation of networks. By viewing civil organisations as intermediaries, new directions can be identified for development policy and practice.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur personal på ideella respektive kommunala skyddade boenden för våldsutsatta kvinnor upplever verksamhetens möjligheter och begränsningar samt hur de upplever samverkan. Studien har en kvalitativ metod där det har genomförts åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra personal från två ideella boenden och fyra personal från två kommunala boenden. En kartläggning från Socialstyrelsen (2013) visar att det år 2013 var 71 % av Sveriges skyddade boenden som bedrevs i ideell regi och 21 % som bedrevs i kommunal regi. Det framgick även att dessa boenden hade olika förutsättningar för att hjälpa kvinnorna vilket även framkom i tidigare forskning. I studiens resultat framkom det att personal från de ideella skyddade boendena i högre utsträckning upplevde att de hade en frihet att utforma sitt arbete och att ge kvinnorna ett socialt sammanhang men att de kunde vara begränsade av kortsiktiga avtal med kommunen. Personal från de kommunala boendena upplevde i högre utsträckning en trygghet i arbetet, dock kunde de uppleva begränsningar i att beslutsprocesser var ineffektiva samt att de inte kunde utforma det egna arbetet i samma utsträckning. Personal från de kommunala boendena upplevde sig ha bättre förutsättningar för samverkan än personal från de ideella boendena, samtliga intervjupersoner upplevde dock vissa begränsningar i samverkan. / The purpose of this study is to examine how the staff of non-profit and municipal sheltered housings experience the opportunities and limitations of the organisations as well as how they experience cooperation. The study has a qualitative method in which eight semistructured interviews were conducted with four employees from two non-profit sheltered housing and four employees from two municipal sheltered housing. A survey from the National board of health and welfare (2013) shows that in the year of 2013 71 % of Sweden's sheltered housing were non-profit and 21 % were municipal sheltered housing. These sheltered housings had different conditions in helping battered women, as shown by previous research. The results of this study show that the staff from the non-profit sheltered housing to a greater extent experienced that they were free in designing their work and giving the women a social context but could be limited in short-term agreements with the municipality. Staff from the municipal sheltered housing felt safer with the organisational form however they could experience limitations regarding that the decision-making process were ineffective and that they could not design their own work to the same extent. Staff from the municipal sheltered housing to a greater extent experienced that they had good conditions for cooperation, however all of the interviewees experienced some limitations regarding cooperation.

Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence) / The international human rights architecture experienced a shift from states to individual rights within a state. This is mainly informed by the fact that states committed human rights atrocities against their own civilians. This necessitated a shift from an emphasis on sovereignty and noninterference to intervention on grave human rights violations. Article 2 of the UN Charter calls for respect of sovereignty and discourages the use of armed force against the territorial integrity of any state.1 To reinforce this position, the United Nations (UN) member states adopted the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine through the UN World Summit outcome document in 2005. This document effectively gave the international community the right to intervene into the affairs of a member state if the state is failing to halt human rights abuses within its territory.