Submitted by Ligia Greatti (ligiagreatti@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-10T18:26:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ligia Greatti.pdf: 1360192 bytes, checksum: e2f9f77b4b1a40d8879352c579083dd6 (MD5) / Rejected by Maria Tereza Fernandes Conselmo (maria.conselmo@fgv.br), reason: Ligia, boa noite. Por favor retirar o acento da palavra Getúlio. Submeter novamente biblioteca digital. Att. SRA Tereza on 2017-07-10T21:29:21Z (GMT) / Submitted by Ligia Greatti (ligiagreatti@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-11T17:11:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ligia Greatti.pdf: 1360022 bytes, checksum: dd91ce02098ec9781c1738e665b171f1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Tereza Fernandes Conselmo (maria.conselmo@fgv.br) on 2017-07-11T23:36:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ligia Greatti.pdf: 1360022 bytes, checksum: dd91ce02098ec9781c1738e665b171f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T12:34:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ligia Greatti.pdf: 1360022 bytes, checksum: dd91ce02098ec9781c1738e665b171f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-12 / This study, in general terms, analyzes issues connected to relations between State and society in public policy implementation processes in Brazil, focusing on process that resulted in policy of financial inclusion. The objective that guides development of research refers to the role played by actors located in non-state sphere, particularly Credit Cooperatives, in processes of public policies implementation and, mainly, how these actors relate to actors positioned in state sphere, particularaly in public policy coordination. Looking for providing theoretical support for the research, a literature survey was carried out on public policies, implementation process and its actors, the policy of financial inclusion and on credit cooperativism. Then, the approach proposed by Subirats et al. (2012) in order to analyze relationship between credit cooperatives, as actors who implement financial inclusion policy and governmental actors coordinating this policy, in particular Brazilian Central Bank. Through this approach, the policy content was analyzed, actors with their values, ideas and interests, the resources they mobilize and institutional rules that surround them, and how these elements influence relations established between the actors. Therefore, it was used documentary research and semi-structured interview for data collection, which contents were analyzed with the help of Atlas TI Software. It was observed that the process of implementing financial inclusion policy is influenced by these elements, which motivate and condition relationships. Conclusions of the study point that cooperatives involved in process effectively succeed in influencing public policy implementation and that relations between them and Brazilian Central Bank occur in cooperation way, which is only due to the fact that exists consensus among them about public problem faced, of common values and interests in face of financial inclusion policy, mobilizing resources autonomously and, in certain situations, through negotiation, also with dialogues and discussions on institutional norms that involve them. Relationships between these actors in process of implementing financial inclusion policy went through a long period of reflections and debates, which have continued constantly until present day, thus strengthening existing cooperation between them. / Este estudo, em linhas gerais, analisa questões relativas às relações entre Estado e sociedade em processos de implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil, tomando como foco da análise o processo que resultou na política de inclusão financeira. O objetivo que orienta o desenvolvimento da pesquisa diz respeito ao papel desempenhado por atores posicionados na esfera não estatal, particularmente as Cooperativas de Crédito, em processos de implementação de políticas públicas e, principalmente, como estes atores se relacionam com atores posicionados na esfera estatal, especialmente na coordenação da política pública. Visando dar suporte teórico para a pesquisa, foi realizado um levantamento de literatura sobre políticas públicas, o processo de implementação e seus atores, a política de inclusão financeira e sobre o cooperativismo de crédito. Em seguida recorreu-se ao enfoque proposto por Subirats et al. (2012) para analisar como ocorrem as relações entre cooperativas de crédito, enquanto atores implementadores da política de inclusão financeira e os atores governamentais coordenadores dessa política, principalmente o Banco Central do Brasil. Através de tal abordagem, analisou-se o conteúdo da política, os atores com seus valores, ideias e interesses, os recursos que mobilizam e as regras institucionais que os envolvem e como esses elementos influenciam nas relações estabelecidas entre os atores. Para tanto, utilizou-se de pesquisa documental e entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados, cujos conteúdos foram analisados com o auxílio do software Atlas Ti. Observou-se que o processo de implementação da política de inclusão financeira é influenciado por esses elementos, que motivam e condicionam as relações. As conclusões do estudo apontam para o fato de que as cooperativas envolvidas no processo têm sucesso em influenciar de forma efetiva a implementação da política pública e que as relações mantidas entre elas e o Banco Central do Brasil ocorrem em forma de cooperação, que só acontece devido ao fato de existir um consenso entre eles sobre o problema público enfrentado, de terem valores e interesses comuns diante da política de inclusão financeira, de mobilizarem recursos de forma autônoma e, em determinadas situações, por meio de negociação, bem como por manter diálogos e debates constantes com relação às normas institucionais que os envolvem. As relações entre esses atores no processo de implementação da política de inclusão financeira passaram por um longo período de reflexões e debates, que se mantém de forma constante até os dias atuais, fortalecendo assim a cooperação existente entre eles.

Submitted by Melina Risso (melina.risso@gmail.com) on 2018-04-02T22:10:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão FINAL FECHADA@02abr18.pdf: 1702268 bytes, checksum: 5609f9b04f31ed38487e68828b056222 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-04-04T22:56:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão FINAL FECHADA@02abr18.pdf: 1702268 bytes, checksum: 5609f9b04f31ed38487e68828b056222 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-05T13:51:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão FINAL FECHADA@02abr18.pdf: 1702268 bytes, checksum: 5609f9b04f31ed38487e68828b056222 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T13:51:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão FINAL FECHADA@02abr18.pdf: 1702268 bytes, checksum: 5609f9b04f31ed38487e68828b056222 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / O presente estudo pretende contribuir com as análises sobre abordagem policial no contexto brasileiro, buscando identificar os sentidos atribuídos a esta prática por policiais militares no estado de São Paulo. A partir de uma perspectiva interpretativa, que no campo das políticas públicas está voltada à análise dos sentidos, o trabalho busca identificar e comparar os sentidos implícitos na formulação da política e também os sentidos atribuídos por seus implementadores, ou seja, os policiais da ponta da linha. Também pretende inferir em que medida a relação entre a polícia e a comunidade interfere na forma como o policial realiza a abordagem. A pesquisa se ancora nos conceitos de legitimidade e autoridade policial para discutir de que maneira estes aspectos são influenciados pela atual política de abordagem policial, que contabiliza mais de 14 milhões de abordagens realizadas anualmente sem avaliação crítica de sua efetividade. Foram utilizados métodos qualitativos baseados em entrevistas e análise documental. / This study aims to contribute to the analysis of police stop-and-frisk in the Brazilian context, seeking to identify the meanings attributed to this practice in the state of São Paulo. Using an interpretive approach, the work aims to identify and compare the meanings of the stop-and-frisk policy both in terms of its formulation and implementation. It also seeks to infer to what extent the relationship between the police and the community interferes with the way police officers implement stop-and-frisk policy. The research discusses how the current stop-and-frisk policy affects police officers’ authority and police legitimacy. Annually, the Military Police of the state of São Paulo conducts more than 14 million stop-and-frisks without critical evaluation of their effectiveness. Qualitative methods based on interviews and document analysis were used.

Agriculture plays a major role in development, as it creates jobs, develops the economy and reduces poverty. An important drawback in agriculture in South Africa is access to agricultural land and other agricultural resources by African farmers. Many African farmers still own small units of land, which are still mostly used for subsistence farming. These racial inequalities in the agricultural sector date back to colonial and apartheid eras. During the apartheid era, government policies separated white farmers from black farmers resulting in an unequal spatial distribution of farming and development in the country. The post-apartheid government that came into power in 1994 was committed to the eradication of racial legislation and implemented new agricultural policies. Twenty years later many inequalities still exit within the agricultural sector. There is a need to investigate the social and spatial inequalities in the emerging farming section. Since the Limpopo province is one of the poorest provinces in South Africa, consisting of large areas of former homelands, the aim of this research is to investigate and describe the impact of the implementation of agricultural policies on the spatial distribution of the emerging farming sector in the Mopani District of the Limpopo province. This research was done within the framework of the post-modernism paradigm. The study used mostly qualitative data but some quantitative data and methods were also used. Primary data was collected from sampled emerging farmers in the Mopani district, some officials from the local municipality and one provincial official. Evidence from analysed data indicated that the uneven spatial distribution of farms still exists despite numerous policies and programmes implemented by government through its provinces, and local and district municipalities. Structurally there is a lack of proper coordination, inadequate provision of both human and material resources, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of policies and programmes are some contributory factors. It is recommended that policies be implemented that strategically target investment and infrastructural development to reduce poverty, unemployment and uneven spatial distribution of farms in the Mopani district municipalities in the Limpopo province. / Geography / 1 online resource (xvi, 128 leaves) : color maps / D. Phil. (Geography)

The central issue of this study revolves around public participation in the making and implementation of policy in Mauritius, particularly at the Port Louis’ local government. Public participation is regarded as one of the milestones of democracy and local governance. Local government provides an ideal forum for allowing participatory democracy to flourish as it is closest to the inhabitants. The question of what are the levels of public participation in the making and implementation of policy in Mauritius with reference to the Port Louis’ local government formed the core element of the problem statement of the thesis. Following this, the hypothesis is stated. Attention is devoted on the four objectives of the research questions: What are the key concepts that relate to public participation in the making and implementation of policy at local government level; what impact does the Constitution of the Republic of Mauritius Amendment, 2003 (Act 124 of 2003) and the New Local Government Act, 2005 (Act 23 of 2005) have on public participation in the making and implementation of policy in Mauritius, particularly at the Port Louis’ local government and what modes of public participation are used in the making and implementation of policy at the Port Louis’ local government; and what are the main factors that influence public participation in the making and implementation of policy at the Port Louis’ local government? Within the thesis, the research findings obtained from the questionnaire; and the interviews are analysed and interpreted. Ultimately, in view of the arguments presented in this thesis an attempt was made to provide some recommendations on public participation in the making and implementation of policy in Mauritius, particularly at the Port Louis’ local government. / Public Administration / D.P.A)

A growing body of research has emphasised the social processes by which teachers – who are curriculum policy implementing agents – are trained and supported on how to practically implement policies in the classroom. Yet, little attention has been paid to the factors that influence teachers’ interpretation of curriculum policy and how their understanding of policy implementation influences the ways in which they respond to policies. Some research has already been done on the implementation of curriculum policies in schools, with findings centred largely on the disjuncture between policy and practice. Research has also established that much of what teachers are doing in the classroom does not reflect policy. Although teachers have opportunities to enhance the implementation of policy, there are also factors that negatively influence their implementation of educational policy. This is basically because of the gap between the policy makers and the implementing agents. The lack of a shared understanding between these two stakeholders’ results in a perception of policy as a set of strict rules and procedures meant to be followed by teachers. This study aims to develop an understanding of what influences teachers in their attempts to implement the curriculum policy on environmental education in the classroom. The study further aims to gain an understanding, from the practitioners’ perspectives, of how policy implementation challenges their habitual patterns of teaching and schooling and whether, to them, this implementation seems to threaten the conventional disciplinary curricular structures of fixed timetables and depending on textbooks, and leaves little room for outdoor or hands-on activities. The focus on teachers is motivated by the fact that they are the primary curriculum implementers in schools and as such, are expected to play a significant role in implementing the curriculum according to policy. This study advocates an interdisciplinary approach to implementing environmental education policy in teaching and learning in the Natural Sciences. This entails environmental education becoming part of the curriculum, and being taught as a cross-curricula component. In this context, environmental education will form part of teaching and learning in every learning area of the curriculum for the General Education and Training band of the South African education system. What this means for teachers is that they have to integrate environmental concepts or topics within their respective learning areas, and that they have to follow a learner-centred approach that allows learners the opportunity to become active participants, responsible for their own learning. This implies that, for learners to develop knowledge, skills, and correct attitudes regarding the environment, teachers have to use available, local teaching materials or resources. As the classroom becomes free from traditional teaching styles, learners become active and take responsibility for their own learning. They discuss and share ideas with one another, and the teacher becomes the facilitator of the teaching and learning process. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

This thesis examined the 2004 SA higher education merger processes in order to determine the extent to which these mergers have achieved in the context of the broader transformation goals of the post-1994 government’s policy objectives. Mergers have become part of the South African higher education landscape and system since their implementation in 2004. The merger process induced the reduction of higher education institutions from 36 to 23 (at least until 2012 at the time of writing this report). The merger implementation process itself was not voluntary. Some South African universities did not just willingly opt for the transformation process. It took the government a range of strategies, elaborate consultations and ‘carrot and stick’ approaches to convince some of the targeted institutions. The merger was not only limited to physical reconfiguration, but also to the systemic aspects motivated by the need to open the doors of learning and culture to all South Africans without barriers of ethnicity, race and other forms of discrimination. The ‘ivory tower’ universities had to be reigned into the national transformation project as well. Curriculum which was mainly crafted from an epistemological-ideological premise of the supremacy of Afrikaans as a language of the government of the day and the employer of choice had to be reviewed. Admission criteria, advanced access restrictions to the majority of black students to urban and more advanced universities, also warranted scrutiny / Public Administration / Ph. D. (Public Administration)

[pt] Estudo de Revisão do Arranjo Institucional de Implementação de Política: o Caso do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), apresenta um estudo de revisão do campo de estudos de Políticas Públicas e principalmente do subcampo de implementação de políticas. Com base nas referências teóricas e metodológicas de tradição na área, oriundas da Ciência Política, Administração Pública e Sociologia Política, foi realizada uma análise do arranjo institucional de implementação de uma política educacional, o Pibid. Esse programa faz parte de um conjunto de políticas públicas recentes do MEC e da Capes direcionadas aos cursos de licenciatura com foco sobre a formação inicial docente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida mediante análise de conteúdo temática de dados bibliográficos e documentais, além da utilização de dados secundários. O objeto da pesquisa consiste em compreender as especificidades do Pibid no histórico das políticas públicas voltadas à formação inicial docente no Brasil a partir de uma análise do arranjo institucional da sua implementação. Os objetivos específicos são compreender i) a articulação de políticas educacionais no contexto de formulação do programa; ii) como está estruturado o seu desenho mediante os regimes de colaboração entre os entes federativos, os níveis de ensino e as instituições de ensino superior e básica, e iii) os papéis desempenhados pelos atores desde a formulação até a implementação. A reflexão proposta também visa contribuir para o campo de implementação de políticas ao expandir o escopo analítico incorporando o conceito de escala, em interface com a Geografia, para uma perspectiva socioespacial. / [en] This research presents a review study of the Public Policies field, mainly the subfield of Policy Implementation. Based on established theoretical and methodological references from Political Science, Public Administration and Political Sociology, we analysed the institutional arrangement for the implementation of specific educational policy, Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), the Brazilian Scholarship Institutional Program for Initiation to Teaching. This program is part of a set of recent public policies of the Ministry of Education and Capes – the coordination for higher education staff development –, directed to undergraduate courses focusing on initial teacher training. We developed qualitative research through the analysis of the thematic content of bibliographic and documentary data, together with secondary sets of data. The purpose of the research was to understand the specificities of Pibid in the history of public policies for initial teacher training in Brazil throughout the analysis of the institutional arrangement of its implementation. The specific objectives were to understand i) the articulation of educational policies in the context of the program formulation; ii) the structure of the policy design through collaboration schemes between federative entities, educational levels and institutions both of higher and K-12 education, and iii) the roles played by the actors from the formulation to the implementation. The prospective reflection aims to further contribute to the Policy Implementation field by expanding the analytical scope, incorporating the concept of scale in an interface with Geography, within the lights of a socio-spatial perspective.

Este trabalho busca compreender a implementação de políticas públicas como um processo complexo que envolve interação entre diversos atores. Partimos do princípio de que, para compreender as políticas públicas, devemos observar o processo de implementação enquanto uma dinâmica de interações entre os usuários e os burocratas implementadores que, por meio de valores, crenças e idéias, transformam o modo como as políticas foram concebidas. Assim, buscamos observar os detalhes do processo de implementação, especialmente operados pelos burocratas de nível de rua, para compreender como opera e quais os resultados das decisões organizacionais e individuais para a efetivação da política pública. Nesta pesquisa estudamos a atuação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, do Programa Saúde da Família, que atuam enquanto burocratas de rua implementadores, com uma particularidade de inserção comunitária. A partir do acompanhamento etnográfico de 24 Agentes Comunitários de 3 unidades básicas de saúde, buscamos compreender o processo de implementação a partir de dois elementos: as práticas realizadas pelos burocratas e os estilos de interação que influenciam a forma como eles se relacionam com os usuários. Levantamos, então, os fatores que podem alterar essas formas de implementação, considerando dois conjuntos de fatores: os institucionais/organizacionais, relacionados à gestão dos trabalhos das equipes de saúde da família e dos agentes comunitários; e os fatores relacionais, ligados às redes sociais dos agentes e às suas afiliações e trajetórias. Concluímos com o levantamento de condições importantes para a melhoria dos processos de implementação, considerando os fatores relacionais, o perfil dos burocratas e a organização dos trabalhos. Observamos, dessa maneira, que a prática das políticas públicas varia de acordo com fatores relacionados ao cotidiano de sua implementação e que as interações dos agentes com os usuários, suas relações e trajetórias trazem novas dinâmicas para dentro das políticas, que se transformam diretamente na implementação. / This research aims to understand public policy implementation as a complex process involving interaction between several actors. We consider that, in order to understand public policy, we must examine the implementation process as a dynamic interaction between users and bureaucrats who, by values, beliefs and ideas, transform the way the policies were designed. Thus, we observe the details of the implementation process, especially operated by street-level bureaucrats to understand how it operates and what are the results of individual and organizational decisions public policy implementation. This research studies the performance of Communitarian Health Agents, inside the Family Health Program, which act as street-level bureaucrats. Using ethnographic research with 24 Agents from three basic health units, we seek to understand the implementation process considering two elements: the practices carried out by bureaucrats and interaction styles that influence how they interact with users. We raise, then, the factors that may alter such forms of implementation, considering two sets of factors: the institutional / organizational, that are related to the way teams are managed, and relational, linked to the Agents social networks and their affiliations and trajectories. We conclude with a survey of the important conditions for the improvement of implementation processes, considering the relational factors, the profile of the bureaucrats and the organization of work. We observe, then, that the public policy practices vary according to factors related to daily implementation and that agents\' interactions with users, their relationships and careers bring new dynamics into the policies, which is transformed directly in the implementation.

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer that women suffer from worldwide. Every year more than 270,000 women die from cervical cancer, and it is one of the top ten cancer that Taiwanese women suffer from. Differ from other kinds of cancer, cervical cancer can be effectively prevented by vaccination, since most cervical cancers are caused by HPV(Human Papillomavirus) infection. HPV infection is most common in people in their late teens and early 20s, and the HPV vaccine targets the HPV types that most commonly cause cervical cancer and can cause some other cancers. It also protects against the HPV types that cause most genital warts. The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing the targeted HPV types, as well as the most common health problems caused by them. Though HPV vaccination is included in the national immunization program in some countries, the vaccines are not provided to every female at no cost in Taiwan. While some cities and counties provides HPV vaccine for every female or a certain group of female gratuitously, female citizens of other cities and counties would have to pay approximately $300-360 USD for vaccination. This inconsistent policy among Taiwan has been questioned by local congressmen and citizens. To re-examine the HPV vaccine policy and implementation procedure among each local government in Taiwan, the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare (HPA) as well as ten local governments with different HPV vaccination policies were interviewed and evaluated. The research concludes that with no united HPV vaccination policy, the goals of the policy among the local governments is different, some even undefined, the implementation levels of each local government is uneven, and misleading communication between the central and the local governments exist. A united policy with specific goal, implementation guidelines, report system, two-way communication system should and would make the vaccination policy more ample, and equal.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / Whilst policy formulation has been extensively studied and theorised in the literature, far less attention has been paid until fairly recently to the issue of policy implementation. For a long time it was more or less assumed that once policy was formulated, implementation was a relatively straightforward administrative matter. In the past twenty or thirty years, however, public administration scholars (such as Pressman and Wildavsky and, in the South African context, Brynard and de Coning) have devoted more attention to unravelling the complexities of policy implementation. The current study intends to apply these more theoretical approaches to an analysis of the implementation of the 1997 White Paper for Social Welfare with particular respect to children in conflict with the law, focusing specifically on the One Stop Child Justice Centre in Mangaung, Bloemfontein. Welfare Service in South Africa before 1994 had a racial bias with services mostly unavailable to the majority of the citizens of the country. The 1997 White Paper for Social Welfare, based on a developmental approach to social welfare, was designed to take the country in a new and inclusive direction. In line with South Africa’s 1996 ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, as well as other international instruments, Section 4 of Chapter 8 of the White Paper focuses on crime prevention through development and restorative justice, and recommends diversion wherever possible in the case of juveniles. With respect to Juvenile justice, this section of the White Paper makes provision for the establishment of One Stop Child Justice Centres, where a variety of services, from Social Development, the Department of Justice, the South African Police Services, Correctional Services, and the NPA, would be available to clients under one roof. All of these role players, it was envisaged, would operate as a multi-disciplinary team to achieve the objectives of the White Paper with respect to developmental and restorative forms of justice. The Centre at Mangaung is one of only a few centres to have been established as yet in South Africa. Although focusing in particular on the implementation of the 1997 White Paper, the study is also informed by other policy and legislative measures with respect to juvenile justice, in particular the Child Justice Bill of 2002 (now the Child Justice Act of 2008) and the Probation Services Amendment Act of 2002. It is generally accepted by the Government and its critics alike that the policy scene in South Africa in the period since 1994 has been characterized by good policies but poor execution. This is, however, a relatively untested hypothesis and needs further investigation. In the light of this, it is anticipated, that the present study will make a contribution to the literature on policy implementation in South Africa, as well as providing useful insights and lessons that can inform general government policy in this regard, and policy with respect to juvenile justice in particular. Within the general context of the 1997 White Paper for Social Welfare and the Department of Social Development’s Integrated Service Delivery Model, and the specific context of the Mangaung One Stop Child Justice Centre, the overall purpose of the study is to scrutinize the apparent discontinuity between policy design on the one hand and policy implementation on the other. More specifically, though, the objectives of the study are: (i) to examine the content of the 1997 White Paper for Social Welfare in general and more specifically the section on children in conflict with the law, (ii) to provide a historical overview of the delivery of services to youth in conflict with the law prior to the first democratic elections (1994) in South Africa, (iii) to examine what the concept of ‘integrated service delivery’ means to the different role-players at the One Stop Child Justice Centre, (iv) to examine the existing resources (human, financial and other) for successful implementation of the policy,(v) to examine whether there are procedures in place to encourage co-operation among stakeholders at the One Stop Child Justice Centre, (vi) to examine the successes, challenges and opportunities presented by the implementation of this policy at the One Stop Child Justice Centre and, (vii) to identify gaps between policy and implementation and make recommendations towards more successful implementation. Detailed semi-structured interviews were conducted with the Centre Manager and senior representatives of all the services involved (Social Development, the SAPS, Magistrates, the Probation Service, and Prosecutors). The interview questions focus mainly on implementation issues and challenges, but also gather information on the knowledge of the interviewees on the content of the policy. In addition, in order to validate and compare the data collected from these respondents, semi-structured interviews were held with six parents/guardians of children in conflict with the law who had been serviced by the centre. Official documents of the centre, such as annual reports, were also consulted for purposes of triangulation. Detailed transcripts will be made of all the interviews. In analysing the data, use was made in particular of the 5C Protocol advocated by Brynard and De Coning (2006) in their study of policy implementation in South Africa. The five C’s include the Content of the policy, the Context in which the policy is implemented, Commitment from those implementing the policy, the role of Clients and Coalitions, and the Capacity of those tasked with implementing the policy. In addition other C’s which have an impact on policy implementation (such as communication, co-ordination, and change management) will also be considered. Confidentiality of data gathered and anonymity of respondents were ensured by not requiring any personal details from the survey instruments. The sole purpose of using the data gathered for research was communicated to the respondents on the front page of the survey instruments. The choice of also not answering questions raised was respected.