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The ecology of stress in work-related human systemsJacobson, Julia Dienes 06 1900 (has links)
Individual distress in the work-place has been cited as the cause of
enormous loss of productivity and income, and has therefore attracted much attention from researchers and therapists alike. However, an extensive literature study reveals that in the field of work-related distress and its management, there appears to be discontinuity, a diversity of opinion and even confusion with
regard to definitions, causes and possible remedies for the problem.
It is suggested that this situation has been brought about and is being
perpetuated by the Newtonian/Cartesian epistemological foundation on which most thinking in the field is based. It is further suggested that an epistemology informed by ecosystemic, constructivist principles could facilitate a way of thinking which would be more useful in this context. A case study was done in accordance with the above-mentioned ideas, which served as an investigation of
their usefulness in a situation of reported work-related stress. On the basis of the information which emerged from the study, it is
concluded that an ecosystemic approach can indeed provide a useful basis for understanding such situations. Furthermore, it is suggested that there are certain commonalities between such situations which are primarily founded in contexts in which the individual finds himself faced with contradictory demands which are not acknowledged as such. Finally, the point is made that if, in accordance with a constructivist viewpoint, "stress" is understood to be a social construction rather than an absolute condition, then the traditional way of thinking provides us with descriptions of man, society and the relationship between them, which are negative and may also be reflexively destructive. However, since constructivism allows for a different construction to be brought forth, we may utilise ecosystemic thinking to provide a more optimistic view. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Etude de la protéine CIRP et sa fonction dans le métabolime de l'ARNmDe Leeuw, Frederic 15 January 2008 (has links)
La protéine CIRP (Cold Induced RNA binding Protein) est une petite protéine de liaison à l’ARN de 172 acides aminés, qui est constituée du côté amino-terminal d’un domaine de liaison à l’ARN de type RRM (RNA recognition motif), et d’une partie carboxy-terminale riche en glycine et arginine qui comprend plusieurs motifs RGG. Elle a été identifiée comme étant inductible par hypothermie mais aussi par irradiation aux UV et par hypoxie. Nous avons analysé son expression et sa localisation en réponse à différents stress cellulaires. Nous avons montré qu’un traitement à l’arsénite qui induit un stress oxydant n’altère pas l’expression de CIRP provoque sa localisation dans les granules de stress (SG). Les SG sont des structures ribonucléoprotéiques cytoplasmiques contenant des complexes de pré-initiation incompétents pour la traduction, et qui s’accumulent dans les cellules exposées à un stress. Ces structures constituent des sites de triages des ARNm, dans lesquels les ARNm sont soit stockés en attente d’une réinitiation de la traduction une fois le stress surmonté, soit destinés à être dégradés. La protéine CIRP se localise dans les SG que ce soit suite à un stress cytoplasmique ou du réticulum endoplasmique. Nous avons montré également que la localisation de la protéine CIRP dans les SG se déroule indépendamment de la présence de la protéine TIA-1 qui a été décrite comme responsable de l’assemblage des SG. De plus la surexpression de la protéine CIRP conduit à la formation de SG. Nous suggérons donc qu’il existe plusieurs voies qui mènent à l’assemblage de ces structures. En outre, nous avons analysé la localisation de mutants par délétion de la protéine CIRP et avons montré que le domaine RRM et le domaine RGG peuvent indépendamment localiser la protéine dans les SG. Par contre, la méthylation des résidus arginine du domaine RGG est une modification nécessaire à la localisation de CIRP dans les SG. Ensuite, nous avons étudié la fonction de la protéine CIRP dans le métabolisme des ARN messagers. Nous avons montré par une méthode d’adressage, que CIRP est un répresseur de la traduction des ARNm et que le domaine carboxy-terminal est nécessaire et suffisant à cette fonction.
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Stress Management After a DisasterStuart, Marta 10 1900 (has links)
4 pp. / Promoting the health and well-being of families during difficult times.
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Secondary traumatic stress (compassion fatigue) : a study in allied medical sciencesDurrant, Pamela June 12 February 2010 (has links)
M.A. thesis, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 1999
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Perceived Stress and Coping Methods in Pharmacy StudentsAcosta, Stefanie, Barnes, Valerie January 2010 (has links)
Class of 2010 Abstract / OBJECTIVES: To determine the perceived level of stress pharmacy students experience related to academics and the methods they use to relieve that stress.
METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-‐sectional study. Questionnaires were administered to first, second, and third year University of Arizona College of Pharmacy students during regularly scheduled class time. Data on perceived level of stress, sources of stress, and methods of relieving stress were collected and analyzed. Data on average hours worked per week, marital status, number of children, age, gender, and number of professional organizations involved in were also collected.
RESULTS: The stress survey was completed by a total of 182 students at the College of Pharmacy. The overall stress score was highest in the second year students, although the total score was relatively low (total score 18.7; p=0.04). The four items that resulted in the highest stress scores were exams and/or grades (stress score ≥ 2.1), amount of class material (stress score ≥ 1.8), financial responsibilities (stress score ≥ 1.8) and lack of free time (stress score ≥ 1.6). Stressful situations that the students felt the most during the semester were thinking about the things that they had to accomplish (score ≥ 3.2) and having to control the way they spend their time (score ≥ 2.6). Common stress relievers were spending time with family, friends and pets ( ≥ 27%), watching television or movies ( ≥ 22%) and exercising ( ≥ 17%). Of those students who exercised, >44% felt it helped relieve stress very much. CONCLUSIONS: Little difference in levels of stress was observed between the classes. Based on the results, pharmacy students at the University of Arizona do not appear to be excessively stressed. Spending time with family/friends/pets, watching TV/DVDs, and exercising were the most common ways of relieving stress.
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Effects of Experimental Psychological Stress on Human Physiological Functioning: Mediation by AffiliationWalker, Douglas W. (Douglas Wallace) 08 1900 (has links)
This investigation sought to identify differences in the human psychophysiological stress response when mediated by affiliation, by assessing heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), electrodermal activity (EDA), serum Cortisol (SC) concentration, interleukin-2 (IL-2) concentration, and state anxiety among subjects who underwent an anagram solution task. Thirty male subjects from the University of North Texas were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions and asked to solve a series of difficult anagrams either alone or with a companion. Subjects assigned to the control condition were asked to copy permutations of the anagrams. Before, and immediately after the anagram/copying tasks HR, SBP, DBP were measured, blood samples drawn, and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) administered to all subjects. EDA was measured throughout all trials. Changes from baseline through the experimental period for all dependent variables were analyzed by employing difference scores derived from contrasting baseline and experimental measures. These scores were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) resulting in one significant between group effect among all dependent variables examined. Contrary to stated hypotheses, the alone condition significantly differed from the companion and control conditions by demonstrating a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline through the experimental period. It was concluded that the decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline through the experimental period for the alone group was a result of chance sampling of individuals possessing unique psychophysiological response patterns. Appraisals of inter-group differences in response patterns across all dependent variables suggest that an insufficient stressor, and limitations in design, statistical analysis, and measurement may have contributed to this investigation's results. Implications of findings were discussed along with suggestions for future research.
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'n Ondersoek na die persoonlike spanningsvlak van vlieëniers20 November 2014 (has links)
M.Com. (Industrial Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract
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Den smärtsamma verkligheten : En enkätstudie om sjuksköterskans stress på arbetsplatsenAlbertsson, Alice, Persson, Martin January 2019 (has links)
Sjuksköterskeyrket innebär ofta långvarig stress och bristfällig arbetsmiljö. Personalbrist, hög arbetsbelastning och bristande inflytande på arbetsplatsen är orsaker till att sjuksköterskor väljer att sluta inom yrket. För lite forskning gällande den upplevda stressen på arbetsplatsen inom sjuksköterskeyrket råder. Därför finns anledning till ökad kunskap kring ämnet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka i hur hög utsträckning sjuksköterskor upplever stress i sin arbetsmiljö, och studien är baserad på 1044 yrkesverksamma sjuksköterskor över hela landet som är medlemmar i Facebookgruppen ”Sjuksköterskan”. Dessa personer har fått svara på enkäten Work Stress Questionnaire med 21 frågor. Resultatet från denna studie visar att arbetsbelastningen ökat och personalen har inte möjlighet att påverka beslut som tas på arbetsplatsen. Konflikter är också förekommande där chefen, i de flesta fall, inte gör något för att lösa dessa konflikter. Sjuksköterskorna sätter höga krav på sig själva och är mycket engagerade i arbetet, men har ofta svårt att sätta gränser. Resultatet visar också att en hög andel har svårt att hinna med familj, vänner och fritidsintressen. Det finns tidigare studier med samma mätinstrument som visar att arbetsbelastningen och ansvarstagandet har ökat under de senaste åren. Eventuellt kan detta i slutändan innebära en risk för ökad utbrändhet och fler sjukskrivningar.
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An analysis of the relationship between coping strategies used and incidence of relapse in myalgic encephalomyelitisBiccard, Anne-Marie 20 July 2016 (has links)
Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, for the degree of Master of Science.
Johannesburg 1993 / This dissertation studies the relationship between the use of certain coping strategies and
the relapse of'illness, Eighty subjects with 1\'{yalgicEncephalomyelitis (M.E.) were followed
OVera nine month period, initially completing a biographical questionnaire which
showed some interesting common features, but these characteristics may be attributed
to the narrow population from which the sample was drawn. The subjects then completed
a battery of tests every eight weeks. These tests monitored appraisal of stressors,
ways of coping and general health over the eight weeks since the previous test. Results
were analysed using a Pearson's product moment correlation and a principal components
factor analysis with a varimax rotation. The subjects were expected to show
a positive correlat'on between certain coping techniques (such as denial, avoidance, and
self- blame) and the relapse of M.B., while a zero or negative correlation between other
coping techniques (such as seeking social support and problem solving when the stressor
is controllable) and relapse. Neither of these hypotheses was supported by the data
gathered. However, the subjects showed a remarkable consistency inthe types of'coping
used, rather than adapting the mode of coping to the type of stressor experienced.
It was concluded that the subjects used abnormal coping techniques and that these
techniques Weresomehow related to their illness. However, the exact causal relationship
between the coping techniques and the illness could not be assessed. It is possible that
the subjects' poor coping mechanisms contributed to the development and exacerbation
of the illness but it in also possible that the illness limited the repertoire of coping techniques
available to the p"atient.
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The stress levels of parents whose children are on antiretroviral therapyVerster, Linley Joan 25 June 2010 (has links)
MSc Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009 / HIV is having devastating effects on Africa as a whole and more specifically on
Sub-Saharan Africa. Children are vulnerable to the disease and in most cases
being hit the hardest. Parenting at the best of times involves some form of
stress, and caring for a chronically ill child increases the parenting stress levels.
Antiretroviral treatment has a positive effect on children with HIV, however it is
not well understood what effect antiretroviral treatment has on the parenting
stress levels of the caregivers of children with HIV.
The aim of the study was to establish whether caregivers of children diagnosed
with HIV show a change in stress levels after commencement of anti-retroviral
treatment for their children. The objectives of the study were: to determine if any
of the subsections of the PSI-SF were affected by the commencement of antiretroviral
treatment in the children; to determine if a correlation existed between
the CD4 count of the child and the parenting stress level of the caregiver and to
determine whether the age of the child impacted on the scores of the PSI-SF.
The demographic data of the participants were also analysed.
This study involved secondary analysis of existing data for the study "A
longitudinal study of neurodevelopmental delay in HIV positive children"
conducted by Joanne Potterton utilising a longitudinal pre-post test study design
where participants were compared to their own baseline scores. The Parenting
Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF) was used to establish the parenting stress
levels within its three different subsections. The PSI-SF was completed by the
caregivers at visit one, two and three. These visits were to the Harriet Shezi
Clinic at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg. The children
were antiretroviral naïve at visit one, and at visit two which was six months later,
they commenced antiretroviral treatment with a six months follow-up which was
visit three.
iv
Forty-five participants were included in the study. The paired ‘t’ test showed a
significant change (‘p’ = 0.02) in the subsections Parent Child Dysfunctional
Interaction and Difficult Child(change in mean -3.31 and -2.78 respectively), while
the subsection of Parenting Distress had no significant change between visit one
and visit two (change in mean -2.09). The change in mean between visit two and
three was -1.84 for the Parental Distress subsection, 0.6 for the Parenting Child
Dysfunctional Interaction subsection and 0.8 for the Difficult Child subsection.
The paired ‘t’ test was applied to visit one and three and the subsection Parenting
Distress showed the greatest positive change of 'p' = 0.00 with a change in mean
of -3.93. There was no correlation between the CD4 count of the child and the
PSI of the caregiver at any of the visits (r=-0.2, 0.11,0.3, p=0.15, 0.5, 0.06
respectively). There was no correlation between the age of the child and the
parenting stress of the caregiver at any of the visits (r=0.13,0.08,0.5 p=0.39,0.6
and 0.1 respectively).
The stress levels of the caregivers decreased over the study period however
there was no significant decrease with the commencement of antiretroviral treatment.
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