The present dissertation attempts to follow and analyze each and every individual stage of food provisioning of a late medieval monastic community. Chapter One is an introductory survey, describing the topic, its status quaestionis, problems and methodology. Chapter Two establishes the geography of crops in the rural hinterland of Norwich, with each manor specializing in different crop. A close analysis of the crop geography partially supports the Von Thünen thesis. Chapter Three looks at the agricultural trends of the demesnes. Roughly speaking, the period between c. 1290 and 1370 was a history of wheat’s expansion at the expense of rye, on the one hand, and legume shrinkage at the expense of grazing land. Chapter Four discusses annual grain acquisition, its components and disposal. It shows that about eighty per cent of the total supply derived from harvest, while the remainder came in form of tithes, grants and purchases. Chapter Five deals with the human and equine interaction. The bovine population was certainly dominant, but the draught horses easily outnumbered the oxen. Each year,the Priory authorities saved a great deal of money, because of (virtually) free customary carting service. Chapter Six explores the space for storing and processing of the annual grain supply. The five adjacent buildings, namely the Great Granary, brewery, bakery, mill and staples, allowed most effective cooperation between dozens of Priory labourers working in victual departments, on the one hand, and decreased transportation costs. Chapter Seven attempts to establish the relation between the Priory population, its annual grain supply and demand. Conversion of the grain into approximate calorific and financial equivalent reveals that the supply must have exceeded the demand. Chapter Eight is deals with the actual consumption of the grain supply. As far as Norwich monks are concerned, their annual bread and ale supply has certainly exceeded their normal requirements and there is no hint about selling the surplus. Joining the bread and ale accounts with those of the cellar, we arrive at astonishing calorific figures. Chapter Nine discusses the charity activities of Norwich Priory, particularly connected to the distribution of bread and ale among the needy. There were three distinctive groups: hermits, prisoners and paupers. According to almoner’s accounts, the Priory allocated generous sums of loaves and ale to the paupers.

En este trabajo se pretende analizar las medidas que diversas instituciones, tanto eclesiásticas como civiles, adoptaron para afrontar el problema social del “desamparo” durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII en el Reino de Murcia, donde la mayor parte del estado llano sufrió durísimas condiciones de vida. La caridad era un principio vigente en la sociedad española del Antiguo Régimen y permitió que los pobres y desamparados fueran atendidos. La mayor parte de las iniciativas procedían del ámbito eclesiástico. De este modo, el cabildo catedralicio, el obispado o las órdenes religiosos pusieron parte de sus rentas al servicio de los necesitados. Pero también el concejo y los particulares contribuyeron a intentar que la situación de muchas personas mejorase. Pero lo que se ha comprobado es que, pese a todo, las rentas destinadas fueron una mínima parte de lo que se podía haber utilizado. / This paper aims to analyze the actions that various institutions, both ecclesiastical and civil, adopted to address the social problem of "helplessness" in the first half of the eighteenth century in the Kingdom of Murcia, where most of the people suffered hard conditions of life. Charity was a active principle in Spanish society of the Ancien Regime and it allowed the poor and homeless were served. Most of the initiatives came from the ecclesiastical sphere. Thus, the cathedral chapter, the bishop or religious orders used part of their income to service the needy. But the City Council and individuals contributed to attempt that the situation of many people improve. But what has been proven is that, despite everything, the rents were aimed a fraction of what they could have used

The Renaissance theorist Gioseffo Zarlino and his theoretical treatise Le istitutioni harmoniche were a vital link to the future of theory. His polyphonic music and ten text underlay rules are representative of the new music of the Venetian School, which was headed by his mentor Adrian Willaert. Examination of Zarlino's thirteen extant madrigals provides us with a direct example of these rules and the secular style of the Venetian School, who strived to elevate their secular works to that of sacred music. The style was inspired by Pietro Bembo's Petrarchan revival, in which Renaissance composers utilized medieval Petrarchan texts or wrote new texts in the Petrarchan style. The texts were set to music which was composed to express the emotions of the texts. Zarlino accomplished this through the selection of major, minor, and diminished sonorities, which began the move to major-minor tonality in the history of Western music.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brown University, 2005. / Vita. Thesis advisor: Sheila Bonde. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-209). Also available online.

Esta pesquisa apresenta o comportamento estrutural da Catedral da Sé de São Paulo em termos de deslocamentos e de tensões a partir do desenvolvimento de um modelo numérico tridimensional simplificado e da consideração do comportamento elástico-linear dos materiais. Construção gótica do século XX, a igreja matriz é um símbolo religioso, arquitetônico e social e sua praça, palco de manifestações e de expressão popular. Seu estilo gótico e o céu abobadado são interrompidos por um espaço octogonal sobre o qual se ergue uma cúpula renascentista. Inicialmente, são abordados aspectos da arquitetura da igreja e seus principais espaços são descritos; também são apresentadas as características geométricas dos elementos estruturais e as características mecânicas dos materiais, bases para a construção do modelo matemático. Em seguida, a estrutura da igreja é analisada quanto aos deslocamentos e às tensões, tendo-se feito, além do estudo da Catedral tal qual ela é, simulações em que são retirados os arcobotantes e as torres frontais, o que permite um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo da importância destes elementos estruturais para o equilíbrio do conjunto. Verifica-se que as regiões da igreja que apresentam os maiores deslocamentos também são aquelas mais críticas em termos de tensão, e algumas fissuras encontradas na igreja podem ser relacionadas aos carregamentos considerados nesta pesquisa. Constata-se que a Catedral da Sé é bem concebida e que seus elementos principais comportam-se estruturalmente como os das catedrais góticas originais. / In this research, the structural behavior of the Cathedral of Sé in terms of displacements and stresses is presented, based on a simplified three-dimensional numerical model and the consideration of linear-elastic behavior of materials. Gothic building of the twentieth century, the Cathedral of Sé is a religious, architectural and social symbol and its square, scene of demonstrations and popular expression. Its Gothic style and vaulted sky are interrupted by an octagonal space on which stands a Renaissance dome. Initially, different aspects of the architecture of the church are discussed and its main areas are described, as well as are presented the geometric characteristics of its elements and the mechanical properties of its materials, bases for the construction of the mathematical model. In the sequence, the structure of the church is analyzed in terms of displacements and stresses, and in addition to the analysis of the Cathedral as it really is, simulations in which the flying buttresses and the front towers are removed are done, since they allow for the determination of the qualitative and quantitative importance of these structural elements to the equilibrium of the church. This research shows that the regions of the church in which the largest displacements occur are also those most critical in terms of stresses, and some of the cracks found in the building may be related to the loads considered in this study. The analysis done shows that the Cathedral of Sé is well designed and that its main elements behave structurally as those of the original Gothic cathedrals.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le prolongement d’un premier travail, mené dans le cadre du Master I, puis du Master II, sur l’iconographie des vitraux du XIIIe siècle de la cathédrale sénonaise. Suite à cette première étude, un constat s’est imposé : malgré l’étendue des travaux antérieurs, l’analyse de l’édifice du « premier maître », pour reprendre l’expression de Jacques Henriet, c’est-à-dire l’analyse du projet du XIIe siècle, l’étude de la chronologie du chantier, mais également des nombreuses modifications subies par la cathédrale métropolitaine au Moyen Âge, et plus particulièrement aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles, laissait place à des observations complémentaires. Au regard de l’ampleur de la tâche, la démarche devait alors prendre le sens d’une « relecture » de la cathédrale métropolitaine, c’est-à-dire une nouvelle lecture approfondie et systématique des données. L’étude se divise en trois parties permettant successivement la définition du contexte archéologique de la cathédrale métropolitaine, puis l’analyse de l’édifice du premier maître et les modifications apportées à ce projet aux XIIIe, XIVe et XVe siècles. La troisième et dernière séquence de ce travail, est conçue comme une tentative de « faire vivre » l’édifice médiéval, afin d’aborder les questions de la gestion de l’espace, de la circulation et de la place des images au seuil et au sein de la cathédrale. / This research is an extension of a previous work, dedicated to the 13th-century stained-glass windows of the cathedral of Sens. Out of this first study was recognition that despite earlier initiated works and studies, the analysis of the building of the « First Master », to quote Jacques Henriet – that is, the chronology of the construction in the 12th and the modifications of its structure in the 13th, 14th and 15th century – was not fully achieved. The study is divided into three parts : the first two parts are dedicated to the archaeological context of the metropolitan church, the architectural analysis of the builing and the chronology of the construction (12th to 15th century) ; the third part is intended to understand the place of the monumental images and the light in the building, and how both clerical and lay could have reacted to them.

Historians have argued that the Peruvian church collaborated with the fiscal reform of the Spanish Monarchy under Philip IV. This article, however, revises this interpretation by examining how the cathedral chapter of Lima reacted against the Unión de Armas, the keystone of the reform. This research analyzes the disputes over enacting the reform through the opinions of the cathedral chapter and the viceroy marqués de Mancera, who had different points of view about how to collect the tithe on wine. Then, it examines one lawsuit between the tithe collector and the treasurer of the archdiocese. This allows us to see how a sector of the Church was involved in fiscal fraud and resisted the Crown reform. / Los historiadores han argumentado que la Iglesia peruana colaboró con la reforma fiscal de la monarquía española durante el reinado de Felipe IV. Este artículo, sin embargo, revisa esta afirmación al examinar el comportamiento del cabildo eclesiástico de Lima frente al proyecto de la Unión de Armas, la pieza clave de dicha reforma. Esta investigación analiza las disputas sobre la aplicación de la reforma a través de las opiniones del cabildo de la catedral y el virrey marqués de Mancera que tenían puntos de vista diferentes en torno a cómo debía llevarse a cabo el cobro del diezmo sobre el vino. Además, examina un pleito entre el diezmero y el tesorero del arzobispado. Esto permite ver cómo un sector de la Iglesia estuvo involucrado en el fraude fiscal y resistió la reforma de la Corona.

The main topic of the Diploma thesis is a complex design to rescue cathedral Notre-Dame in Paris. The work is firstly focused on the reconstruction of the structure including its collapsed parts and preserving a link to the destructive fire in 2019. The mainstay of the thesis is a design of new roof space and its use by broad public. Due to uncertainties about the structure stability disrupted by the fire a great emphasis has been put on the weight reduction of the newly built roof structure. The design makes a genuine attempt to be sensitive with respect to the spiritual function of the cathedral, thus the public roof access is separated from the cathedral itself thanks to a newly built underground spaces that are also included in the design.

Die Kathedrale von Santiago de Compostela im Nordwesten der Iberischen Halbinsel gehört zu den am dichtesten beforschten Bauwerken der Kunstgeschichte. Hier sind auch die zahlreichen Beiträge hervorzuheben, welche der Jubilar selbst im Laufe der vergangenen Jahre verfasste.

Nachdem Heinrich I. im Jahre 936 verstorben war, wurde an seinem Grab in Quedlinburg ein weltliches Frauenstift gegründet, dessen erste Äbtissinnen Töchter und Schwestern der ottonischen Kaiser waren. Unter diesen wurde es Tradition, das Osterfest wenn möglich am Grab des Vorfahren zu begehen, und auch nachfolgen-de Adelshäuser folgten diesem Brauch. Die mitge-brachten Geschenke bereicherten über die Jahrhunderte den Stiftsschatz und zeugen noch heute von der Bedeutung des Stiftes zu seiner Blütezeit.