Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MANOEL GUSTAVO DE SOUZA NETO.pdf: 4074909 bytes, checksum: 1e23ed2790bedb7668d8933b96ab6c28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-03 / The present study goes through the main texts written by Walter Benjamin between the years of 19 13 and 19 18. The intention is to identify the primary form of some elements that would be the base for the Benjaminian History Theory through the years. However, this study is not more than a first step in this direction. The objective is to list the main concepts of his early writings not to give it a final form, but to create a panoramic view of the ideas configuration in which they were formed. The text is composed of two parts. In the first one we try to present the History Theory and the Culture Criticism as inseparable. This dependence would be done through the idea of interruption that crosses, explicitly or implicitly, a11 Benjamin's writing of that period connecting the reflections about Politics and History to the ones about the different ways of the time and culture representation. In the second part we deal with the relations between time and language, mainly between language, experience and theory of knowledge, using three small Benjamin's texts. The expectation is that, in the end, we have produced a route that offers the reader an image of the History Theory that Benjamin projected in the early years of his philosophical and literary activit y. / O presente estudo percorre os principais textos escritos por Walter Benjamin entre 1913 e 1918. A intenção é identificar a forma primária de alguns dos elementos que seriam capitais para a teoria benjaminiana da história ao longo dos anos. O estudo, porém, não é mais que um primeiro passo nessa direção. Trata-se de inventariar os principais conceitos dos primeiros escritos não para conferir a eles uma forma acabada, mas para traçar um panorama da configuração de idéias na qual se formavam. O texto é composto de duas partes. Na primeira busca-se apresentar a teoria da história e a crítica da cultura do jovem Benjamin como indissociáveis. Essa dependência mútua se daria através da idéia de interrupção, que percorre explícita ou implicitamente todos os escritos de Benjamin à época, conectando as reflexões sobre a política e a história, àquelas sobre as formas de representação do tempo e da cultura. Na segunda parte abordamos, a partir de três pequenos textos de Benjamin, as relações entre tempo e linguagem e, principalmente, entre linguagem, experiência e teoria do conhecimento. A esperança é que, ao final, tenhamos produzido um itinerário que proporcione o leitor uma imagem da teoria da história que Benjamin projetava nos primeiros anos de sua atividade filosófica e literária.

Análise e interpretação do conto \"Cara-de-Bronze\", escrito por João Guimarães Rosa. Esta obra sintetiza a idéia que o autor tem da poesia, marcada pela extensa tradição de escritos dedicados ao estudo de Saturno e da melancolia. O confronto dessa tradição, a partir da leitura que lhe deu Walter Benjamin, com o conto, descortina aspectos enigmáticos da narrativa, e revela elementos fundamentais da concepção de mundo do autor, importantes para a literatura, a critica literária e a filosofia da arte. / Analysis and interpretation of the short story \"Cara-de-Bronze\" (\"Bronze Face\"), written by João Guimarães Rosa. This work synthesizes the idea the author has towards poetry, remarked by the long tradition of writings dedicated to the study of Saturn and of melancholy. The confront of such tradition, based on the reading by Walter Benjamin, with the short story, unveils enigmatic aspects of the narrative, and reveals essential elements of the author\'s conception of the world, important for literature, literary criticism and the philosophy of art.

Projeté pour des musées nationaux et municipaux d’art moderne à l’occasion de l’exposition universelle de 1937, le Palais de Tokyo à Paris est aujourd’hui un centre d’art contemporain international, connu aussi en lien à l’esthétique relationnelle proposée par son cofondateur (avec Jérôme Sans) Nicolas Bourriaud. Une étude de sa genèse jusqu'au site contemporain manquait jusqu’alors. En se fondant sur des expositions centrales et des vastes matériaux d’archives de la politique et administration des Beaux-Arts, cette étude traite dans un premier temps des pensées et institutions l’occupant dès sa conception : MNAM (1937-1977), conception du Centre Pom-pidou, Musée d’Art et d’Essai (1977-1986), Institut des Hautes Études en Arts Plastiques (IHE-AP, 1988-1990) préfiguration d’Orsay, Maison de la Photographie (1984-1993), projet du Palais des Images/Palais du Cinéma (1984-1998, avec Cinémathèque, FÉMIS, BIFI), puis Site de créa-tion contemporaine (2002-). Dans un deuxième temps nous présentons son rôle en tant que mo-nument de la pensée du rôle de l’art dans la société: Dès sa genèse dans le contexte d’un échan-ge international sur les musées modernes des années trente, jusqu’au débats contemporains d’une esthétique politique, notamment de l’art relationnel, du discours de l’art participatif, du « New Institutionalism » et l’esthétique philosophique. L'étude se propose aussi d'apporter une compréhension générale de la genèse de l’esthétique relationnelle et ses critiques principales. Le Palais de Tokyo est conçu comme monument, espace d’une mémoire sociale de l’art selon Aby Warburg et un cadre théorique s’appuyant sur Walter Benjamin, qui informe de son rôle décisif dans le développement de critères formels de la théorie sociale de l’art au 20ème et 21ème siècle. / Projected for national and municipal museums of modern art on the occasion of the 1937 world fair, the Palais de Tokyo in Paris today is an international centre of contemporary art, known, too, by virtue of relational aesthetics brought forward by its co-founder (with Jérôme Sans) Nicolas Bourriaud. A monographic study of its genesis up to the contemporary site was yet mis-sing. This study examines the thought and projects that occupied it, based on central exhibitions and vast materials from the archives of cultural politics and arts administration: National Muse-um of Modern Art (1937-1977), the conception of the Centre Pompidou, Musée d’Art et d’Essai (1977-1986), Institut des Hautes Études en Arts Plastiques (IHEAP, 1988-1990), préfiguration d’Orsay, Maison de la Photographie (1984-1993), a project for Palais des Images/Palais du Ci-néma (1984-1998, with Cinémathèque, FÉMIS, BIFI), Site de création contemporaine (2002-). The study also focuses on its role as monument of the thinking of art’s function in society, from the context of an international exchange on modern museums in the thirties, up to contemporary debates of political aesthetics, particularly of relational art, the discourse of participatory art, ‘New Institutionalism’ and philosophical aesthetics. The study also provides a global view on the genesis of relational aesthetics and its principal critiques. Thus, the Palais de Tokyo is consi-dered as monument, a space of social memory of art following Aby Warburg and a theoretical frame based on Walter Benjamin, informing on its crucial role in the development of formal criteria of theories of art’s social role in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Walter Benjamin a fait du « boîtier » et de la « maison de rêve » les « mode[s] d’existence du XIXe siècle ». En suivant ses pas, ce travail se propose d’explorer l’architecture moderne et contemporaine afin d’identifier ce qui pourrait manifester, non pas l’arbitraire des architectes, mais « une constellation historique objective » et constituer ce qu’il appelle une « preuve dans la vérité de l’action actuelle ».Selon lui, ce sont les architectes modernes qui ont inauguré la sortie du « boîtier » et, avec leur « goût pour la porosité, la transparence, la pleine lumière et l’air libre, […] mis fin à la façon ancienne d’habiter. » Pourtant, force est de constater que l’essentiel de leurs réalisations était moins l’expression d’une sortie ou d’un réveil, que de ce qu’il décrit comme une « fausse délivrance ». Celle-ci a néanmoins déclenché un nouveau rêve qu’il n’a eu de cesse d’interpréter en décrivant façades et seuils auxquels, depuis plus de vingt ans, les architectes cherchent à donner forme. Mouvantes et singulières, ces nouvelles façades nous obligent à aborder sous un jour nouveau la technique du mur-rideau. A la différence de la façade fondée classique et de la « façade libre » des modernes, cette façade suspendue défie les lois de la statique ordinaire et les oppositions binaires. Pur produit de la révolution industrielle, elle s’avère être à présent la substance qui fait exploser la mentalité qui en était à l’origine car elle abolit, plus qu’elle ne la reconfigure, l’opposition – c’est-à-dire la hiérarchie – entre dedans et dehors, privé et public, structure et ornement et, par extension, proche et lointain, infrastructure et superstructure, sujet et objet. / Walter Benjamin developed the « shell » and the « dream house » as the « condition[s] of nineteenth-century existence. » Following in his footsteps, this work aims to explore modern and contemporary architecture in order to identify what could be « an objective historical constellation » instead of the arbitrariness of architects and constitute what he calls « evidence in the truth of the actual action ».According to him, modernist architects have launched the exit of the « shell » and, with their taste for « porosity and transparency, [their] tendency toward the well-lit and airy, ha[ve] put an end to dwelling in the old sense. » However, we have to admit that the majority of their buildings was less the expression of an exit or an awakening than what he describes as a « false liberation ». The latter has nonetheless triggered a new dream he has never ceased to interpret when describing façades or thresholds, which architects have aimed to give shape for the last twenty years.Both moving and unique, these new façades compel us to view the curtain wall technique in a new light. Contrasting with the classic founded façade and the modern free façade, this suspended façade defies the laws of ordinary statics as well as binary oppositions. Emerging from the industrial revolution, it has now become the substance which blows up its original mindset as it abolishes, more than it redefines it, the opposition – meaning the hierarchy – between inside and outside, private and public, structure and ornament and, by extension, close and distant, infrastructure and superstructure, subject and object.

La présente étude est une ethnographie du boulevard Saint-Laurent qui a duré 11 mois et au cours de laquelle j’ai intégré ce que l’on qualifie aujourd’hui le « cœur » du boulevard, la portion allant de la rue Sherbrooke à l’avenue Mont-Royal. Me basant sur des observations, des entretiens avec des résident.es et des commerçant.es, des brochures touristiques et les installations éducatives longeant l’artère, j’entreprends une entreprise de démystification : comprendre la réalité du boulevard contemporain en la substituant à l’aura énigmatique et mystérieuse que l’on retrouve dans les écrits historiques et les discours populaires. En menant des entretiens, je dénote une « nostalgie moderne » chez les résident.es et les commerçant.es de l’artère et montre leur utilisation différenciée de qualificatifs comme « gentrification » et « effervescence ». Par mes observations de tableaux éducatifs longeant les trottoirs, je fais l’expérience d’une « nostalgie post-moderne » et révèle les intérêts des sociétés de développement quant à la transformation commerciale du boulevard. Je perçois que les sens attribués à l’imaginaire du boulevard contemporain se définissent selon un rapport temporel et critique. Ma méthode d’enquête est à la fois phénoménologique, dans la mesure où elle reprend la figure du flâneur de Walter Benjamin comme posture d’observation, et « empirique », notamment par l’utilisation du feuilleton sociologique inspiré de Siegfried Kracauer, approche qui insiste sur la matérialité du quotidien, les discours et les observations. / The current study is an ethnography of Saint-Laurent Boulevard, which lasted 11 months and during which I integrated what is now called the “heart” of the boulevard, the portion between Sherbrooke street to Mont-Royal avenue. Based on observations, interviews with residents and shop owners, tourist brochures, and historical posters installed along the boulevard, I undertake an enterprise of demystification: to understand concretely the reality of the contemporary boulevard by going beyond an enigmatic and mysterious aura perpetuated in historical writings and popular discourses. In conducting interviews, I note a “modern nostalgia” among residents and shop owners of the boulevard and show their differentiated uses of words like “gentrification” and “effervescence”. Through my observations of historical boards lining the sidewalks, I experience a “post-modern nostalgia” and reveal the interests of development associations in the commercial transformation of the boulevard. I perceive that the meanings attributed to the imagination of the contemporary boulevard are defined according to a temporal and critical relation. My method of inquiry is both phenomenological, as it takes up Walter Benjamin’s figure of the flâneur as a posture of observation, and “empirical”, in particular through the use of sociological feuilletons inspired by Siegfried Kracauer, an approach which stresses the importance of the materiality of everyday life, discourses and observations.

Dans son essai Le mal de Paris paru en 2014, Régine Robin diagnostique un assèchement sémiotique des représentations de la capitale française, lesquelles seraient figées dans un registre passéiste et nostalgique. Or le travail d’excavation des mises en scène de Paris présentes dans un corpus du XXIe siècle encore peu défriché — notamment 75 (Anna-Louise Milne), 209, rue Saint Maur, Paris Xe (Ruth Zylberman), Éloge des bâtards (Olivia Rosenthal), Crue (Philippe Forest) et Le Grand Paris (Aurélien Bellanger) — révèle des transformations et des déplacements aptes à revivifier cet imaginaire parisien sclérosé. Les textes profilent ainsi une autre ville. Ces œuvres, lesquelles recourent à des dispositifs formels très divers, exercent un travail critique sur les représentations sociopolitiques et culturelles de Paris, notamment sur la valorisation patrimoniale de la ville, sur les célébrations de sa gentrification, sur ses fétichisations touristiques et sur ses récits mémoriels officiels. Cette thèse vise à décrire les mises en texte d’un (Grand) Paris en interaction avec un imaginaire social conjoncturel, ce qui indique qu’elle s’inscrit dans le cadre heuristique de la sociocritique. Mes travaux mobilisent plusieurs outils critiques et théoriques des études littéraires, afin de décortiquer l’organisation interne des textes, et engagent un dialogue avec un corpus étendu portant sur l’urbanisme, la sociologie, l’histoire, la géographie et la philosophie. Cette thèse convoque notamment les concepts d’imaginaire social (Pierre Popovic), de chronotope (Mikhaïl Bakhtine) et de chronotype (Claudia Bouliane, Pierre Popovic) ainsi que les travaux critiques de Walter Benjamin. Elle s’articule en trois parties : le premier chapitre est consacré au développement de la notion d’espace flou ; le second à la descendante du flâneur moderne ; le troisième au récit d’enquête autour d’un immeuble haussmannien. Enfin, cette thèse privilégie d’une part l’analyse des éléments d’urbanité liés à l’habitat et à l’habitation par rapport à d’autres travaux plus centrés sur la mobilité, et d’autre part l’examen de réflexions portant sur l’idée d’une mémoire urbaine menacée de disparition. / In her essay Le mal de Paris published in 2014, Regine Robin diagnoses a semiotic drying-up of the French capital representations, which would be frozen in a backwardlooking and nostalgic register. However, the excavation work of the Paris stagings present in a corpus of the 21st century still little studied — in particular 75 (Anna-Louise Milne), 209, rue Saint Maur, Paris Xe (Ruth Zylberman), Éloge des bâtards (Olivia Rosenthal), Crue (Philippe Forest) and Le Grand Paris (Aurélien Bellanger) — reveals transformations and displacements capable of reviving this sclerotic Parisian imaginary. The texts thus profile another city. These works, which use a variety of formal mechanisms, work critically on the socio-political and cultural representations of Paris, notably on the city’s heritage promotion, on the celebrations of its gentrification, on its touristic fetishizations and on its official memorial narratives. This thesis aims to describe the text settings of a (Grand) Paris in interaction with a conjunctural social imaginary, which indicates that it is part of the heuristic framework of sociocriticism. My work mobilizes several critical and theoretical tools of literary studies, in order to dissect the internal organization of texts, and engage a dialogue with an extensive corpus on urban planning, sociology, history, geography and philosophy. This thesis summons in particular the concepts of social imaginary (Pierre Popovic), chronotope (Mikhaïl Bakhtine) and chronotype (Claudia Bouliane, Pierre Popovic) as well as the critical work of Walter Benjamin. It is divided into three parts: the first chapter is devoted to the development of the concept of fuzzy space; the second to the descendant of the modern flâneur; the third to the investigation narrative around a Haussmann building. Finally, this thesis focuses on the analysis of the elements of urbanity related to housing and dwelling as opposed to other work more focused on mobility, and also on the examination of reflections on the idea of an urban memory threatened with disappearance.

No description available.

Neste corpascrever, meu argumento é o de que levar a sério o problema da naturalização da violência estrutural confere uma (re)nova(da) perspectiva sobre processos de politização de diferenças. Ao inquirir acerca das precondições para a geração de enquadramentos não hegemônicos em contextos marcados por violências estruturais, proponho a reconceitualização dos projetos de politização de diferenças enquanto defesa de processos de autodeterminação cole(a)tiva. Essa tese é defendida em três movimentos interdependentes: (3) por meio de reflexões filosófico-epistemológico-poéticas sobre a relevância da espacialização cole(a)tiva para a experiência da temporalidade; (2) por meio de considerações teóricopolíticas sobre a relação entre o problema do essencialismo e a possibilidade de agência cole(a)tiva subversiva; bem como (1) por meio do vislumbre da con-figur-ação do processo de (r)existência dos povos munduruku e ribeirinho à construção de barragens no Médio Tapajós. Conforme sugiro, a politização de diferenças, sob o proposto viés, apresenta-se como condição sine qua non para viabilizar a apreensão do modus operandi de violências estruturais, uma vez que apenas movimentos (pro)positivos cole(a)tivos permitem a emergência de imagens capazes de colocar a norma hegemônica fundamentalmente em xeque, de modo a transcender os limites inerentes a posturas exclusivamente reativas, co-movendo no sentido da reestruturação do mundo. / In this writingbody, I exam in depth the problem of naturalization of structural violence in order to argue for a (re)new(ed) perspective on the politicization of differences. I suggest a reconceptualization of the politicization of differences as a defense of colle(a)ctive selfdetermination processes through an investigation about the preconditions for the generation of non-hegemonic frames in contexts ruled by structural violence. This thesis is undertaken in three interdependent movements: (3) a philosophical-epistemological-poetical reflexion on the relevance of colle(a)ctive spatialization processes for the experience of temporality; (2) a political-theorical consideration on the relationship between the problem of essentialism and the possibility of subversive colle(a)ctive agency; and (1) a perspective on the con-figura( c)tion of the Munduruku and the riverside peoples (r)existence process to the construction of dams in Middle Tapajós region. I argue that the politicization of differences is conditio sine qua non in order to enable the denaturalization of structural violence, as only (pro)positional colle(a)ctive movements transcend the limits of merely reactive positions, enabling the emergency of images that can call the hegemonic rule into question and, therefore, initiate processes of structural trans-formation.

Neste corpascrever, meu argumento é o de que levar a sério o problema da naturalização da violência estrutural confere uma (re)nova(da) perspectiva sobre processos de politização de diferenças. Ao inquirir acerca das precondições para a geração de enquadramentos não hegemônicos em contextos marcados por violências estruturais, proponho a reconceitualização dos projetos de politização de diferenças enquanto defesa de processos de autodeterminação cole(a)tiva. Essa tese é defendida em três movimentos interdependentes: (3) por meio de reflexões filosófico-epistemológico-poéticas sobre a relevância da espacialização cole(a)tiva para a experiência da temporalidade; (2) por meio de considerações teóricopolíticas sobre a relação entre o problema do essencialismo e a possibilidade de agência cole(a)tiva subversiva; bem como (1) por meio do vislumbre da con-figur-ação do processo de (r)existência dos povos munduruku e ribeirinho à construção de barragens no Médio Tapajós. Conforme sugiro, a politização de diferenças, sob o proposto viés, apresenta-se como condição sine qua non para viabilizar a apreensão do modus operandi de violências estruturais, uma vez que apenas movimentos (pro)positivos cole(a)tivos permitem a emergência de imagens capazes de colocar a norma hegemônica fundamentalmente em xeque, de modo a transcender os limites inerentes a posturas exclusivamente reativas, co-movendo no sentido da reestruturação do mundo. / In this writingbody, I exam in depth the problem of naturalization of structural violence in order to argue for a (re)new(ed) perspective on the politicization of differences. I suggest a reconceptualization of the politicization of differences as a defense of colle(a)ctive selfdetermination processes through an investigation about the preconditions for the generation of non-hegemonic frames in contexts ruled by structural violence. This thesis is undertaken in three interdependent movements: (3) a philosophical-epistemological-poetical reflexion on the relevance of colle(a)ctive spatialization processes for the experience of temporality; (2) a political-theorical consideration on the relationship between the problem of essentialism and the possibility of subversive colle(a)ctive agency; and (1) a perspective on the con-figura( c)tion of the Munduruku and the riverside peoples (r)existence process to the construction of dams in Middle Tapajós region. I argue that the politicization of differences is conditio sine qua non in order to enable the denaturalization of structural violence, as only (pro)positional colle(a)ctive movements transcend the limits of merely reactive positions, enabling the emergency of images that can call the hegemonic rule into question and, therefore, initiate processes of structural trans-formation.

L’histoire du concept d’idéologie est riche des différentes définitions qui ont tenté de le circonscrire, en tension entre la description de visions du monde et la dénonciation de la « fausse conscience ». Chez les penseurs regroupés sous le nom d’ « École de Francfort », l’idéologie en vient à équivaloir au phénomène de l’industrie culturelle, c’est-à-dire la mise au service de la raison technique dans la production de la culture. Le statut du cinéma est intéressant à cet égard : non seulement est-ce un art né à l’époque industrielle et indissociable des possibilités techniques offertes par celle-ci, mais il a été mobilisé pour de nombreuses entreprises propagandistes, plus ou moins subtiles. La question directrice de l’interrogation est donc la suivante : selon la théorie critique de l’École de Francfort, le cinéma peut-il être considéré comme de l’art ou est-il confiné au domaine de l’idéologie ? Autrement dit, le cinéma peut-il revendiquer un statut qui ne ferait pas de lui qu’un support de la domination de l’humain par l’humain ? / The history of the concept of ideology is rich in different definitions that have attempted to circumscribe it, in a tension between the description of different worldviews and the denunciation of “false consciousness.” For the thinkers grouped under the name “Frankfurt School” ideology comes to equate the phenomenon of the Culture industry, that is to say, technical reason put at the service of the production of culture. The status of film in interesting in this regard: not only is it an art born in the industrial age and inseparable from the technical possibilities offered by the industry, but it has also been used for numerous, more or less subtle, propagandist undertakings. The leading question of our inquiry is thus the following: according to the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, can film be considered as a genuine form of art or is it confined to the realm of ideology? In other words, can film claim a status which would not make it solely a support of human-over-human domination?