Fenomenet Employee Advocacy spås vara framtidens nya trend och innebär marknadsföring av en organisation via medarbetarna. Fler företag börjar se betydelsen av att medvetet använda sina medarbetare som ambassadörer för att sprida företagets budskap. Företag har länge förlitat sig på traditionella marknadsföringsmetoder, men i takt med dagens högteknologiska och konkurrensutsatta miljö är den önskade målgruppen allt svårare att nå. Vi har undersökt huvudkontoret på företaget Stammen (fiktivt namn) som står inför en utmaning. Stammen har under lång tid förlitat sig på att sitt stabila rykte inom branschen ska generera nya affärer och medarbetare. Under en tid har Stammen börjat märka att kännedomen av företaget hos allmänheten är begränsad. Vår fallstudie äger rum när idén om att implementera Employee Advocacy möter medarbetarnas reaktion till tanken om ett formbart ambassadörskap. Syftet med fallstudien är att nå en fördjupad förståelse av hur Employee Advocacy verkar i teorin och i praktiken. Employee Advocacy som begrepp har tillämpats till stor del som ett fenomen som går att styra. Det som har lämnats relativt outforskat i relation till begreppet Employee Advocacy är perspektivet som synliggör individens behov och benägenhet till att vilja vara ambassadör. Vi har därför valt att belysa Employee Advocacy utifrån den behovsorienterade traditionen och perspektivet av organisationsengagemang. För att få en fördjupad förståelse för Stammens situation har vi använt oss av fallstudie som forskningsdesign med en kvalitativ datainsamlingsmetod. Vår data har samlats in genom tre steg. Inledningsvis genomförde vi en attitydkartläggning i form av en enkät. I nästa steg genomfördes etnografiska observationer. Slutligen höll vi kvalitativa intervjuer med personer på olika positioner inom företaget. Tillsammans triangulerades de tre delarna och utgjorde vårt resultat. Sammanfattningsvis kunde perspektivet av organisationsengagemang hjälpa oss att synliggöra tre olika ambassadörstyper. Ambassadörsstyperna stod i kontrast till den normativa styrningen av Employee Advocacy vilket utgjorde spänningsfältet mellan individen och förväntningarna på att vara ambassadör. Vår studie visar komplexiteten i att implementera ett färdigt Employee Advocacy-koncept i en organisation vars kommunikationstradition inte tidigare har uppmuntrat till ambassadörskap.

The social determinants of health continue to impact health disparities among communities living along the U.S.-Mexico border. Because community health workers (CHWs) are recognized for promoting a variety of positive patient-centered health outcomes in their roles as educators and health system navigators, recent inquiry has focused on the role of the CHW in facilitating community-level changes through grassroots advocacy to impact the social determinants of health. Social capital theory, which posits that participation in groups has positive consequences for individuals and the community, is a useful lens through which CHW effectiveness in grassroots advocacy can be measured and replicated. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, this study investigated the social capital characteristics of fifteen CHWs working in border communities who were trained in grassroots advocacy. Participating CHWs reported high baseline levels of social capital, which was assessed using a social capital questionnaire. After one year of engagement in grassroots advocacy, participating CHWs reported statistically significant increases in one measure of bridging social capital (community engagement) and one measure of linking social capita (participation with political/civic leaders). Qualitative interviews with each CHW further explored the role of social capital in their grassroots advocacy, resulting in a social capital model elucidating six activities of CHW-driven grassroots advocacy. The mixed methods results provide measures for assessing CHWs' social capital in their traditional roles and as grassroots advocates, as well as a framework for understanding how CHWs use their social capital to take grassroots action addressing the social determinants of health.

Thesis advisor: David L. Blustein / Drawing upon their professional history embracing a social justice perspective in psychology, counseling psychologists have made substantial attempts to adopt social justice advocacy roles in research, practice, and training. Responding to social justice-oriented scholars’ call to promote mental health by creating positive social change, counseling psychology training programs across the United States have integrated principles of social justice work into the training of future counseling psychologists since the early 2000s. While previous literature has provided thought-provoking discussions on conceptual aspects of social justice advocacy as well as advocacy training, these studies mostly reflected the voices of psychologists in academia; therefore, advocacy work of those in clinical practice has been neglected. In addition, practical outcomes of social justice training in counseling psychology have not received enough scholarly attention. In an attempt to address these concerns, the present study has utilized a qualitative research methodology to explore the advocacy experiences of licensed clinicians who were trained in social justice-oriented counseling psychology doctoral programs. Specifically, I have employed a narrative inquiry method to analyze the interviews with 11 counseling psychologists across the United States. Using critical psychology as the theoretical framework of this study, interviews focused on participants’ personal and professional narratives, training experiences, and the factors that affect their engagement in advocacy roles in clinical work. In addition to the inspiring ways of advocacy in psychological practice, narratives of the participants depicted resources and challenges regarding incorporating an advocacy agenda into clinical practice. These factors have significantly shaped participants’ involvement in advocacy, indicating that counseling psychologists continue to grapple with systemic barriers which at times limit their advocacy actions— particularly macro-level advocacy. Implications for social justice research, practice, and training in counseling psychology are discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

A presente pesquisa buscou avaliar se o direito da concorrência, tal como edificado no presente, tem-se revelado suficiente para alcançar o fenômeno concorrencial de modo efetivo e, portanto, se estaria, de fato, a realizar sua missão no sentido de contribuir para o desenvolvimento e para a democracia. Objetivou-se demonstrar que os mecanismos convencionais de defesa da concorrência (controle de condutas e de atos de concentração) seriam incapazes de fazer frente à crescente concentração dos mercados e à eliminação ou mesmo redução de distorções competitivas ocasionadas, ainda que indiretamente, pelo próprio Estado. Demonstrou-se que estes problemas estariam a impactar a própria ideia de democracia e colocariam em risco o desenvolvimento econômico e social. A partir do referencial teórico utilizado, procurou-se evidenciar esta incapacidade do antitruste em acompanhar a velocidade de mercados cada vez mais dinâmicos, bem como alcançar todos os problemas concorrenciais, especialmente, aqueles ocasionados por meios não-convencionais, isto é, por mecanismos de diferenciação de produtos, por práticas apoiadas em facilitações institucionais, subsídios estatais, obtenção de vantagens por influência no processo legislativo e, entre outros, por meio de decisões administrativas e/ou regulatórias. A competition advocacy (promoção da concorrência) foi apresentada como uma das respostas possíveis do direito para mitigar o risco de que a excessiva concentração do poder econômico acabe gerando o bloqueio de canais democráticos, a captura das instituições políticas por grupos dominantes e, ainda que reflexamente, o aumento da desigualdade. Considerando que a competition advocacy parte de uma ideia residual ou de exclusão em relação à função preventiva e à repressiva, a pesquisa identificou quais seriam os assuntos adequados para uma abordagem sistêmica e, principalmente, útil da promoção da concorrência, tendo em vista, especialmente, o tratamento ainda difuso do tema por parte da doutrina. Em conclusão, buscou-se definir, com maior precisão, o conteúdo jurídico da promoção da concorrência e foram apresentadas propostas para aperfeiçoamento do instituto no Brasil, de modo a contribuir para o desenvolvimento econômico-social e para o fortalecimento das instituições democráticas. / This work intended to evaluate whether competition law, as built in the present, has proved to be sufficient to reach the competitive phenomenon in an effective way and, therefore, if it achieves its mission, that is, to contribute to the development and democracy. It also aimed to demonstrate that competition law´s conventional tools (enforcement mechanisms) would be unable to cope with the growing concentration of markets and the elimination or even reduction of competitive distortions indirectly caused by the State itself. It has been shown that these problems are impacting on a democracy ideal and jeopardizing economic and social development. From the theoretical framework used, this antitrust inability was observed, to monitor the speed of increasingly dynamic markets, as well as to reach all competitive problems, especially those caused by non-conventional means, that is, by mechanisms of differentiation of products, malpractices supported by institutions, state subsidies, obtaining advantages by influence in the legislative process and, among others, through administrative and/ or regulatory decisions. Competition advocacy was presented as one of the possible answers to diminish the risk that the excessive concentration of economic power would end up blocking democratic channels, resulting on the capture of political institutions by dominant groups, and even if at an indirect way, increasing inequality. Considering that competition advocacy is based on a residual idea of the preventive and repressive functions, the dissertation identified what would be the appropriate subjects for systemic and useful approach to promoting competition, specially, due to the still diffuse treatment of the subject by the doctrine. In conclusion, we tried to define the legal content of the competition advocacy. We made also proposals for the improvement of the subject in brazil in order to contribute to economic and social development as well as to the strengthening of democratic institutions.

Legislative advocacy efforts are increasingly becoming part of a counselor's professional identity, yet scholarly literature lacks studies about experiences of counseling students involved in legislative advocacy for the counseling profession. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the meaning counseling students ascribe to their involvement in legislative advocacy for the counseling profession. Astin's student involvement theory was the conceptual framework utilized to explore the lived experiences of counseling graduate students and recent graduates who participated in a 4-day long American Counseling Association Institute for Leadership Training on legislative advocacy and leadership or in professional legislative advocacy at the state level. Convenient and snowball sampling yielded 8 participants who engaged in semistructured interviews. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, the data were analyzed to identify essential themes. Thematic analysis was conducted by hand using literature-based codes and lean coding as well as NVivo software. Themes included awareness, faculty mentor, involvement, incorporating legislative advocacy into the curriculum, lack of confidence, student learning and personal development, legislative culture, motivation, student obstacles to professional legislative advocacy, and problems in working with other professions. Findings may be useful for counselor educators seeking to integrate professional legislative advocacy into the counseling curriculum. Implementing a professional legislative advocacy approach into the counseling curriculum might contribute to counselor students' developing a propensity for leadership, advocacy, and professional legislative advocacy beyond graduation.

Thesis (M.N.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, School of Nursing, 1999. / Typescript. Bibliography: p. 100-113.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan har enligt kompetensbeskrivningen och ICN:s etiska kod ett ansvar att förespråka patienten. Begreppet advocacy myntades i USA under 1970-talet och sedan dess har begreppet diskuterats i litteraturen. Advocacy innebär att sjuksköterskan ska kunna uttyda patientens önskemål, kommunicera med patient och närstående, försäkra sig om patientens säkerhet, respektera och beskydda patientens rättigheter och tala samt agera på uppdrag av patienten. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskan i rollen som patientens förespråkare. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar, varav tio kvalitativa och tre kvantitativa. Resultat: Författarna fann i det analyserade materialet, fyra huvudfaktorer som på olika sätt påverkade sjuksköterskan i rollen som förespråkare. Dessa huvudfaktorer är sjuksköterskan som person, sjuksköterskeprofession, samarbetet med läkaren och arbetsmiljön. I en av de analyserande studierna återfanns även anhöriga som en faktor. Diskussion: Att sjuksköterskan själv är en faktor som är viktig för patientvården är något som Jean Watson belyser i sin omvårdnadsteori. Hon menar att omsorgen inte får det utrymme den bör ha inom vården men också i övriga samhället och att det leder till svårigheter för bevarandet av den ursprungliga mänskliga omsorgen. Att stärka professionen och se den skild från det medicinska området är därför viktigt. Författarna menar att även om sjuksköterskan själv är en viktig faktor kommer hon likväl behöva en stödjande miljö för att orka och våga agera utifrån sina värderingar som person och profession fullt ut. / Background: The nurse has, according to the description of competence and the ethical code of ICN, a responsibility to advocate the patient. The idea of advocacy was coined in the USA during the 1970s and since then it has been discussed in the literature. Advocacy means that the nurse should be able to interpret the wishes of the patient, to communicate with the patient and his/hers relatives, to assure the safety of the patient, to respect and protect the rights of the patient and to speak and act on behalf of the patient.  Aim: The aim is to describe factors that affect the nurse in her role as the patient’s advocate.  Method: A literature review based on 13 research reports, of which ten are qualitative and three quantitative.  Result: In the analyzed material the authors’ found four factors, which in different ways affected the nurse in her role as advocate. These factors are the nurse as a person, the nursing profession, the cooperation with the doctor, and the working environment. In one of the analyzed studies the family of the patient was also found as a factor.  Discussion: That the nurse herself is an important factor for the care of the patient is something that Jean Watson illustrates in her nursing theory. She argued that human care do not get the space it should have in health care but also in the rest of society and that it leads to difficulties for the preservation of the original human care. To strengthen the profession and to view it as separated from the medical area is therefore important. The authors mean that even if the nurse in herself is one important factor she will, however, need a supportive environment to be able to fully sustain and dare to act according to her values as a person and profession.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-173). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Bakgrund: Individer med narkotikamissbruk tillhör en stigmatiserad grupp som löper stor risk att drabbas av ohälsa och därför kan förväntas ha mycket kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården. Studier har visat att sjuksköterskor har negativa attityder och försämrat bemötande gentemot denna grupp. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vilka upplevelser personer med aktivt eller tidigare narkotikamissbruk haft av bemötande från sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal samt deras inställning till hälso- och sjukvård. Metod: En intervjustudie med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes. Resultat: Analysen av intervjuerna resulterade i fyra teman: Stigmatiserande bemötande, Motarbetande bemötande, Attityder till hälso- och sjukvården och Mänskligt bemötande är gott bemötande. Slutsatser: Deltagarna i den här studien har inom hälso- och sjukvården upplevt negativt bemötande kopplat till deras aktiva eller tidigare missbruksproblematik. Negativt bemötande mot en utsatt grupp kan leda till förstärkt utanförskap, känslor av maktlöshet och ökad risk för ohälsa. Med ökad kunskap kan sjuksköterskan ge bättre bemötande vilket skulle kunna ha hälsofrämjande effekt. Implikationer: Mer specifikt utbildningsinnehåll om beroende och narkotikamissbruk behövs både på grundutbildningen och som fortbildning för redan verksamma sjuksköterskor för att denna patientgrupp ska få ett bättre bemötande. / Background: Individuals with drug abuse belong to a stigmatized group at high risk of ill-health and can therefore be expected to be in much contact with health care. Studies have shown that nurses have negative attitudes and deficient encounter towards this group. Aim: The aim was to describe what experiences persons with present or former drug abuse has had regarding encounters with nurses and other health care personnel and also their attitude regarding health care. Method: An interview study with a qualitative approach was conducted. Result: The analysis of the interviews resulted in four themes: Stigmatizing encounters, Opposing encounters, Attitudes regarding health care and Humanly encounters are good encounters. Conclusions: The participants in this study have experienced negative encounters in health care related to their present or former drug abuse. Negative encounters towards an exposed group can lead to strengthened exclusion, feelings of powerlessness and increased risk of illness. With enhanced knowledge, the nurse can provide better encounters which could have a health promoting effect. Implications: More specific education about addiction and drug abuse is needed both in the undergraduate program and as further training for practicing nurses in order to give this patient group a better encounter.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-05-04T20:23:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa, Tania Motta de.pdf: 2194679 bytes, checksum: bbd9e74b0fede09361c99b4e5aaf6e0d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-05-05T20:03:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa, Tania Motta de.pdf: 2194679 bytes, checksum: bbd9e74b0fede09361c99b4e5aaf6e0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-05T20:03:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa, Tania Motta de.pdf: 2194679 bytes, checksum: bbd9e74b0fede09361c99b4e5aaf6e0d (MD5) / Por ser atual e emergente, o termo “Policy Advocacy” desperta a atenção das universidades, da sociedade civil e de esferas do poder público. Definida como um conjunto de estratégias de intervenção e mobilização para as demandas sociais preteridas, encobertas ou que contrariam interesses econômicos, a policy advocacy deve ser pensada como uma atuação de modo planejado e estratégico para alcançar os resultados e para fortalecer o processo de busca de mudanças e soluções para um problema público, para uma demanda ou para uma causa social. O presente estudo buscou investigar o uso de ferramentas para gerir uma mobilização social. A partir de metodologia com abordagem qualitativa, realizou um Estudo de Caso no curso de Graduação Tecnológica em Gestão Pública e Gestão Social da UFBA, a partir da experiência pedagógica “Um Dia de Civilidade no Trânsito”. Como resultado, apresenta-se cinco demandas necessárias para o desenvolvimento da ação/mobilização social como uma ferramenta de aprendizagem, com vistas a fortalecer e qualificar a participação nos espaços públicos de decisão e a consolidação da democracia participativa, além de um roteiro de boa prática para gerir ações de mobilizações sociais, com a descrição da estrutura inicialmente necessária e a organização das cinco frentes de trabalho. Being current and emerging, the term "Policy Advocacy" awakens attention from universities, civil society and spheres of power public. Defined as a set of intervention strategies and mobilization for the rejected or covert social demands or that are counter to economic interests, policy advocacy should be thought acting as a planned and strategic manner to achieve the results and to strengthen the search process of change and solutions to a public problem, or a demand for a social cause. This study investigates the use of tools to manage a social mobilization. From a qualitative methodology approach, it held a Case Study on Undergraduate course Technology in Public Management and Social Management Federal University of Bahia, from the pedagogical experience "A Day of Civility in Traffic ". As result, we present five demands required for development of action / social obilization as a tool learning, in order to strengthen and qualify the participation in public spaces of decision and the consolidation of democracy participatory, and a roadmap of best practice for managing actions of social mobilization, with the description of the structure initially necessary and the organization of the five topics.