Många PR-konsulter anser att mediebilden av PR och lobbying är negativ och att branschen skildras som manipulativ och dold. Det finns dock en annan uppfattning som går ut på att verksamheterna inte framställs lika negativt som för tio år sen, att de har naturaliserats. Uppfattningarna är motsägelsefulla. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka om de stämmer överens med den verkliga mediebilden av PR och lobbying (aktiviteter och utövare), och därmed också få en insikt i om olika aspekter av verksamheterna har naturaliserats. En jämförelse har gjort av DN:s och SvD:s rapportering senhöstarna 2000 och 2010 genom en kvantitativ och kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att mediebilden är mer negativ 2010 jämfört med 2000. Någon egentlig naturalisering kan inte skönjas. Utrymmet har ökat men artiklarna har inte blivit fler. PR-experter som kommentatorer har inte blivit ett vanligare fenomen, och politiker som går till PR-branschen framställs både kritiskt och okritiskt. PR och lobbying framställs i högre grad som dolda verksamheter. En förklaring till den mer negativa bilden kan vara branschens utveckling på senare år men även journalisternas behov att sätta gränser mot en expanderande PR-industri som de har blivit mer beroende av. Tidningarna har två större granskningar av branschen 2010, varav den ena särskilt tar upp lobbying. I den fokuseras på politikernas ansvar för bristande transparens. PR-branschens ansvar genomlyses inte, vilket skulle kunna tyda på att dess bristande öppenhet ses som något naturligt och därför inte ifrågasätts.

Aldrig tidigare har Moderaterna gått in i ett riksdagsval med regeringsmakten i sina händer och sedan kommit ur den med makten kvar i nävarna, dock som en minoritetsregering. Moderaternas historiska seger blev en tankeställare för mig. Varför nu? Och inte förr? Sverige har trots allt haft riksdagsval på löpande band sedan år 1911. Tanken om att medierna starkt påverkar oss medborgare till att tycka och tänka på ett särskilt sätt ruckade genast igång planer på att undersöka hur riksdagspolitiker och svensk politik porträtteras i svensk dagspress. För att kunna notera eventuella skillnader i den journalistiska rapporteringen valde jag att göra två nedslag vid två perioder med angränsning till riksdagsval. Valet föll på år 1994, när Moderaterna senast satt vid regeringsmakten men gick ur med förlust kontra år 2010 där de erhöll tillräckligt många röster för att styra en ny mandatperiod. Frågor jag ställde mig var främst hur den svenska journalistiken i praktiken gestaltar svenska riksdagspolitiker? Men även, hur objektiv denna gestaltning är samt vilken makt medierna har på oss medborgare? Jag ringade in en teoretisk ram som innefattar olika manér kring hur politiker skildras i medier, medierad politik, objektivitetsidealet samt ett par teorier som belyser mediernas makt. Med hjälp av en inledande kvantitativ innehållsanalys kombinerat med Van Dijk´s kritiska diskursmodell har jag sedan primärt studerat lexikala element och texternas koherens för att bilda mig en uppfattning kring gestaltningen av politiker. Mitt resultat tyder på att den politiska scenen kavlas ut som ett krigskaos med vinnare och förlorare genom fetstilta rubriker i dagspress.

Purpose/aim: This study was performed in order to describe how Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is reported in Swedish daily newspapers during a five-year period. MMA is a relative new sport in Sweden and it is important that the description by the Swedish daily newspapers is accurate and balanced. Then this sport will have the same opportunities to grow as already well-established sports in Sweden.  Material/Method: The material consists of 159 articles from six different daily newspapers gathered from 2006-12-07 to 2011-12-07. Quantitative content analysis is used to investigate how the newspapers describe MMA. The result from this quantitative analysis are then compiled, analysed and discussed by applying theories of agenda setting, framing and moral panic.  Main results: The result shows that the Swedish daily newspapers give a relative neutral and balanced picture in their coverage of MMA but they are affected to a certain degree of moral panic. A neutral framing of MMA was common in the majority of the newspapers. Swedish newspapers have fulfilled the requirements that you should have on balanced journalism. A majority of the articles described MMA with more or less deviancy and therefore made MMA “Folk Devils”. Further there was a consensus among politicians and other right-thinking people that MMA is a threat to and is dangerous to society. The negative reporting of MMA in the daily newspapers is volatile with one-year cycles with start in late 2009. With one quarter of the articles describing MMA as a problem, there is preconception that MMA is likely to have a negative impact on society. There is a disproportion in the reporting of MMA as a threat as “Swedish Sports” have approved MMA as a sport, but still report it as a problem. Therefore there is some kind of moral panic about MMA in Swedish daily newspaper.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim with this essay has been to investigate if Sweden’s attitude against the European Union has changed expressed in the statement of government policies, during the years 1988-1998. In the prolongation I want to see if the policies can be seen as examples of agenda-setting.</p><p>My comprehensive objective is: In which way is the change of the Swedish attitude towards the European Union expressed in the statement of government policies during 1988-1998 shown?</p><p>My other objectives are: In which ways describes the statements the integrations process in Europe generally?</p><p>In which ways does the integrations process influences Sweden in generally?</p><p>In which ways does the integrations process influences Sweden’s relations against the European Union?</p><p>I have used qualitative text analysis as method in my essay to find the answers to the questions. I have classified a number of opinions, found in the policies, summarized under my three objectives.</p><p>The result of my essay was shown that the changed not can be found in the policies and they are examples of agenda-setting. Decisions and public opinions take places in other ways than in the statements of government policies.</p><p>Keywords: The European Union, the statement of government policies, the swedish EU-membership and agenda-setting.</p><p>Nyckelord: Den Europeiska Unionen, regeringsdeklarationer, det svenska EU-medlemskapet och “agenda-setting."</p>

<p>Since the 1970s voting behaviour has changed. Party identification and class voting has declined. As the electorate becomes more volatile, campaign strategy and party image becomes essential. Political communication and mass media now play an important role in election campaigns. Therefore, researchers take an interest in the impact of media on public opinion. The agenda-setting theory maintains that media influence what voters think about and that there is a link between media coverage and voting intentions.</p><p>This minor thesis focuses on the early election campaign prior to the French presidential election in 2007. For the first time, the socialist party organised a primary election in order to nominate their candidate. The aim is to study if media has an impact on public opinion in election campaigns. To reach the aim, I posed the two following research questions: Did the primary election of the socialist party result in higher media coverage of the party than of other political parties? If the media favoured the socialist party during this time, did this have an impact on the voting intentions for the socialist candidate Ségolène Royal? </p><p>In order to reach the aim and answer the questions, I performed a quantitative study. I measured the media coverage of the different political parties in the newspapers during the socialist primary campaign, to find out if the socialist party was favoured by the media. The primary source of information was the two French newspapers <em>Le Monde</em> and <em>Le Figaro</em>, complemented by opinion polls performed by the institute <em>Ipsos</em>.</p><p>The results show that the socialist party was privileged by the press coverage prior to the presidential election. The newspapers wrote more and longer articles about the socialist party than of any other political party at the time of this study. At the same time, voting intentions for Ségolène Royal increased. The media exposure seems to have had a short effect on the public opinion in favour of the socialist candidate. By the results of this study, I conclude that the socialist party was able to influence the agenda-setting in the media by organizing primary elections. I find support for the hypothesis that media coverage during an election campaign has an effect on public opinion.</p>

Limited time is an important constraint and resource that is fundamental to governing. This dissertation studies the connection between limited time and political power in three different contexts. / Government

This comparative research looks at intermedia agenda-setting effects between Internet bulletin boards and traditional news media, such as daily newspapers and broadcasting, in both the United States and Korea. By examining this intermedia relationship and the flow of influence by Internet bulletin boards on traditional media during presidential campaigns in the two countries, this dissertation study attempts to extend our knowledge of intermedia agenda-setting research. In addition, it also investigates, in reverse, the effects of daily newspapers and broadcasting on Internet bulletin boards. Finally, attention is given to different types of discussion cultures in the two countries. Results of this dissertation research indicated that there are intermedia relationships between Internet bulletin boards and traditional news media, such as newspapers and broadcasting, at the first and second levels of agenda setting using cross-lagged correlation comparisons. More specifically, at the first level of agenda setting in the United States, the results explained only the influence of newspapers on Netizen opinions posted on Internet bulletin boards. In summary, the results concerning issue agenda in the United States indicate that the U.S. Netizen concentrates more on the issue agenda of newspapers than of broadcasting. In the second level of agenda setting in the United States, cross-lagged correlation comparisons not only indicated the influence of both newspapers and broadcasting on opinions posted on Internet bulletin boards, but they also clarified it in this research. Formerly, there was no attempt to examine attributes of the intermedia agenda-setting functions of the U.S. media. This research now provides an explanation of the apparent relationship between traditional media and the Internet. At the first level of agenda setting in Korea, the result of the cross-lagged correlation suggested that Korean newspaper and broadcasting issue agenda influenced Netizen opinions on Internet bulletin boards. As the result of second-level agenda setting in Korea showed earlier, cross-lagged correlation comparisons presented intermedia agenda-setting functions between both newspapers and broadcasting, and Internet bulletin boards with each other. These findings contrast with results in the United States. / text

This research paper investigates the functions of community newspapers in the battle against HIV/Aids. The research is conducted through studying literature, analysing four selected community newspapers and interviewing the editors of the newspapers. According to the literature, a community newspaper stands closer to the reader than any other newspaper, which means it could have a larger impact than for example a national paper. A community paper can provide information or start a debate in the community. The media can focus the attention of the reader on HIV/Aids through agenda setting. By giving the subject prominence in a publication, for instance, the media show how important they consider the subject. The functions of the press can be divided in different categories: the informative function, the press as a booster of the public debate, the service function, the educative function and the entertainment function. This study finds that not all the researched newspapers consider it their responsibility to cover HIV/Aids. The importance that the editors give to the subject and the number of articles that reaches the publication also does not match. The functions the newspapers mainly fulfil, are the information and education function. The reasons for a moderate coverage of HIV/Aids include a lack of statistics, a lack of information from organisations, staff shortages and fear that the reader will receive the opinion that the newspaper writes about the same things over and over again. / Mini-dissertation (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

The purpose of this study was to examine the threats from climate change coverage in the media. The climate threats start to appear more frequently in the media and because of that it is important to examine what the media conveys to the viewers and readers since it may effect how people act when it comes to climate threats. In this study newspaper has been examined, more specifically daily press and evening press. The papers chosen was Aftonbladet and Expressen, which represented evening press, and Dagens Nyheter represented daily press. The method applied was both a quantitative and qualitative text analysis. With the quantitative method variables were formed and tested against the material. After that the result were analyzed qualitative to gain greater depth with the result. The theory used in this study is primarily framing but also agenda setting and news value are used. The variables were formed after the theories, which mainly focused on framing, and specific frames. The specific frames were: conflict frame, human interest frame, economic consequences frame, morality frame and responsibility frame. The result showed that the newspapers framed the issue pretty similar. All the newspapers used the conflict frame and the human interest frame the least. The responsibility frame was used often and the government was usually given the responsibility. The newspapers differ when it comes to morality frame and the economic consequences frame. The daily paper used the morality frame more often then the evening press and the evening press used the economic consequences frame more frequently, portraying the climate threat.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal